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MOD > Disease of Equine head + neck 2 > Flashcards

Disease of Equine head + neck 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are nasal disorders in horses?

A

*Trauma - lacerations
*Facial nerve paresis / paralysis
*Nasal atheroma
*Alar fold collapse

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2
Q

What can cause facial nerve paresis / paralysis?

A

*GA / recumbency with pressure on facial nerve
*Iatrogenic - surgery of face

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3
Q

What are the clinical signs of facial nerve paresis / paralysis?

A

*Facial swelling
*Asymmetry
*Reduced airflow
*Nasal stertor
*Poor performance

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4
Q

How is facial nerve paresis diagnosed?

A

*Observation
*Palpation

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5
Q

What is the problem of chronic scarring of the nares?

A

*Performance limiting - reduced nasal aiflow

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6
Q

What is a rule with laceration of nares?

A

*PRESERVE - good blood supply = preserve as much tissue as possible

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7
Q

What are the clinical signs of nasal atheroma? (Epidermal inclusion cyst) + how is it diagnosed?

A

*Non painful swelling in nasoincisive notch
*History + appearance

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8
Q

How is a nasal atheroma treated?

A

*Surgical removal

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9
Q

How is an alar fold collapse diagnosed + treated?

A

*Dx = fluttering sound at exercise
*Tx = resect fold

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10
Q

What are congenital disorders of the nasal passages?

A

*Wry nose - nasal septum deviation
*Choanal atresia

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11
Q

What are acquired disorders of the nasal passages?

A

*Trauma
*Progressive ethmoid haematoma
*Fungal rhinitis
*Foreign bodies

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12
Q

What are clinical signs of nasal passage diseases?

A

*Nasal discharge - trauma = blood / infection=purulent
*Respiratory noise
*Smell
*Head-shaking

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13
Q

What can cause nasal trauma?

A

*Iatrogenic - tubing - minimise with lubricant + placement in ventral meatus
*Epistaxis
*Kick / blunt trauma

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14
Q

What is progressive ethmoid haematoma?

A

*Non-neoplastic + grows into nasal passages + paranasal sinuses + locally invasive
*Causes epistaxis + facial swelling

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15
Q

How is a progressive ethmoid haematoma diagnosed?

A

Nasal PEH
*Endoscopy
*CT
Sinus PEH
*RAdiography
*Sinoscopy
*CT

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16
Q

How would you treat PEH in nasal passage + sinuses?

A

*Nasal passage = formalin into lesion
*Sinuses = sinus flap surgery

17
Q

What are the clinical signs of fungal rhinitis (nasal aspergillosis)?

A

*Unilateral purulent / haemorrhagic nasal discharge
*bad smell
*Nasal stertor

18
Q

How would you diagnose + treat fungal rhinitis?

A

*Dx = endoscopy + culture
*Tx = Antifungals

19
Q

What are the sinuses in the rostral group?

A

*Rostral maxillary sinus
*Ventral conchal sinus

20
Q

What are the sinuses in the caudal group?

A

*Caudal maxillary sinus
*Frontal sinus
*Dorsal conchal sinus
*Sphenopalatine sinus
*Ethmoid sinus

21
Q

What needs to be done when flushing sinuses?

A

Need to make hole between rostral + caudal group as there is bony septum between them

22
Q

What are common causes of paranasal diseases?

A

*PAI / fungal
*Sinus cysts
*Sinus PEH
*Neoplasia
*Trauma

23
Q

What are presentations of paranasal sinus diseaes?

A

*Nasal discharge
*Facial swelling

24
Q

How are paranasal sinus disease diagnosed?

A

*History
*Clinical signs
*Exam
*Endoscopy
*CT

25
Q

What are majority of secondary sinusitis?

A

*Dental disease problems

26
Q

How would you treat primary sinusitis?

A

*Usually bacteria = Antimicrobials - culture to rule out strangles

27
Q

What are other treatments of primary sinusitis?

A

*NSAIDs - Bute
*Feed from the ground - encourage drainage
*Dust free management - reduce URT inflammation
*Turn out as much as possible = drainage
*may need surgical drainage

28
Q

What teeth are associated with each sinus?

A

*Upper 08/09 = rostral maxillary sinus
*Upper 10/11 = caudal maxillary sinus

remove infected tooth if secondary sinusitis (60% of 2 cases = dental problem)

29
Q

What horses tend to be affected with PAranasal sinus cysts?

A

YOUNG - causes nasal passage deformity + facial swelling

30
Q

How are paranasal sinus cysts treated?

A

*Surgical removal - sinus flap

31
Q

What are common sinus neoplasia? Dx? Tx?

A

*SCC
*Adenocarcinoma
*Fibro-osseous tumours
*Myxoma

*Dx = CT +radiography
*Tx = usually too late + too extensive to treat

32
Q

What is an empyaema conchal bullae?

A

*Chronic infection of dorsal / ventral conchal bullae - surgical drainage

33
Q

What is suturitis (suture line periostitis)

A

Inflammation of bone between bone plates - cranial / skull bones

MOD (103 decks)

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