Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MOD > Fracture healing > Flashcards

Fracture healing Flashcards

1
Q

What are principles of fracture fixation?

A

*Size limitation
*Post op care challenges
-equines need to stand
-farm species staying clean
-small animals staying still

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the different forces of fracture?

A

*Bending
*Torsion
*Compression
*Tension
*Shearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why + how do fractures occur? - direct trauma

A

– The force is applied at or near to the point of fracture.
– The degree and direction of the force determine the fracture pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why and how do fractures occur? - intrinsic fractures?

A

– Pathological fractures
* Local disease
–neoplasia
* Systemic disease
–osteopenia
–hyperparathyroidism
(renal/nutritional)

– Repetitive loading
* Stress fractures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the different fracture lines?

A

*Transverse
*Oblique
*Spiral
*Comminuted - fragments
*Segmental

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the blood supply to fractured bone?

A

– + Extraosseous arteries
– From tissues around the fracture
– Can be disturbed by fixation
method

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the conditions needed for primary bone healing?

A

*absolute stability
*Direct contact = gap <0.01mm
*Direct contact-ish (GAP) = gap <1mm
*Strain below <2%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which primary bone healing will take longer? Contact / gap

A

Contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What will not form with primary bone healing?

A

Callus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the conditions for secondary bone healing?

A

*Gap more than 1mm
*Strain more than >2%
*Callus will form
*Rapid bone healing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the pathogenesis of secondary bone healing?

A

1.Haematoma formation
2.Fibrocartilaginous callus formation - haematoma forms into matrix
3.Bony callus formation - matrix mineralises into spongy bone
4. Bone remodelling - fracture site wider due to callus formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the risk factors of fracture?

A

*Old patient
*Poor health
*Poor soft tissue envelope
*Cortical bone (compared to cancellous bone)
*High velocity injury
*Extensive approach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the complications of fracture healing?

A

*If failure of fracture to heal in time / manner expected
-infection
-instability - unsuitable fixation
-implant failure
-Vascular compromise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When can external coaptation be used? (casts, splints + bandages)

A

*Small/ medium sized young dogs
*Diaphysis of long bones
*Simple closed fractures
*Distal limb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the advantages of intra-medullary pins?

A

– Good at resisting bending
– In neutral axis of bone
– Often relatively inexpensive
– May be used with other fixation devices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the disadvantages of intra-medullary pins?

A

– Poor at resisting rotation
– Poor at resisting shear
– Interferes with medullary blood supply
– Difficult in chondrodystrophic dogs

17
Q

When is cerclage wire used? What are the potential problems of using it?

A

– Used in combination with IM pins for long oblique fractures
– Must be tight to provide compression
* 1* bone union
– Can slip along diaphysis
* Femur/humerus v tibia
* Causes vascular damage

18
Q

What are different types of screws used?

A

*Cortical screw
*Cancellous screw
*Shaft screw
*Self-tapping Cortical screw

19
Q

What are the uses of positional screws?

A
  • To maintain relative position of two bone fragments
  • To hold plate to bone
  • To anchor wire or suture to bone
20
Q

What type of screw is most efficient method of creating compression?

A

Lag screw

21
Q

What are the advantages of using plates?

A

–Negate all the fracture forces
–Different varieties to fit different fractures
–Internal fixation

22
Q

What are the disadvantages of using plates?

A

*Costly
*Expertise needed

23
Q

What are the advantages of external skeletal fixation?

A
  • Negates all the fracture forces
  • Rigid fixation with minimal invasion of injured area
  • Allows access to open wounds during fracture repair
  • Can maintain limb length, if bone defects exist, while secondary bone healing occurs
  • allows for gradually increasing loads to be applied to the healing bone
  • Materials are inexpensive
24
Q

What are the disadvantages of external skeletal fixation?

A
  • High complication rate
  • Iatrogenic interference
  • Catches on clothing/furniture
  • Pin tract infections
  • Can weaken/loosen over time
25
Q

What are the principles of articular fractures?

A
  • Articular fractures are common
    – E.g. single humeral condylar fractures
  • Require primary bone healing
    – Accurate reduction
    – Require rigid fixation
  • Early return to full function
    – Physiotherapy
    – Range of motion
    – Avoid atrophy of joint tissues

MOD (103 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions