Feline dental disease Flashcards
How does tooth reabsortption occur?
Destruction of hard dental tissue by odontoclast cells
Replaced with granulation tissue
What do odontoclast cells normally do?
Responsible for repair, remodelling or destruction
What are the clinical signs of tooth reabsorption?
*cold sensitivity
*possible weight loss
*hypersalivation
*pawing of face
*halitosis
What are the classifications of tooth reabsorption?
Type 1
Type 2
Type 3
What is a type 1 lesion?
Inflammatory cause
Associated with periodontal disease
Neck / cervical area lesion location
What is a type 1 lesion?
Inflammatory cause
Associated with periodontal disease
Neck / cervical area lesion location
What is a type 2 lesion?
*Replacement reabsortption
*Root material replaced by bone
*cats usually >4y/o
What is a type 3 lesion?
Features type 1+ 2 present on same tooth
What is the treatment for type 1 tooth reabsorption?
*type 1- crown resorbing, roots intact
= teeth to be weakened + predisposed for fracturing
=Surgical extraction
What is treatment for type 2 tooth reabsorption?
*type 2 - roots replaced by bone, crown partially intact
=if partial replacement reabsorption of root = must remove remaining root + associated pulp
=Surgical extraction
-If tooth fully resorbed/ghosted
= subgingival crown coronectomy (crown amp)
What is the perfect candidate for subgingival crown coronectomy?
*advanced type 2 TR confirmed via x-ray
*lack of periodontal ligament structure
*no recognisable root canal system
*no periapical pathology
What is the crown amputation technique?
*Create envelope flap to access cemetoenamel junction
*using fine round burr - cut along long axis of crown
*Aim to remove tooth structure just below the level of the alveolus
*smooth edges via alveolectomy
*close gingival opening with no tension (4.0 monocryl)
Why shouldn’t you atomise the root?
*mandible may be completely sectioned
*Painful + unnecessary
*root remnant still visible on radiograph
*High speed burr = damage to alveolar bone
What is feline chronic gingivostomatitis syndrome? FCGS
Gingivitis + inflammation of the mucosa
EXTREMELY PAINFUL
What are factors affecting feline chronic gingivostomatitis?
*calicivirus status
*Immune status of animal
*Biofilm formation
*Associated dental disease
*Environmental stress (multi-cat household)
What are the clinical signs of FCGS?
*severe inflammation of back of mouth (bright red)
*ulceration
*gingival hyperplasia
*screaming when eating
*dysphagia
*halitosis
*poor coat quality
*weight loss
What investigations would you do regarding FCGS?
*Full blood work (FELV/FIV, CKD) -PRIOR TO GA
UNDER GA
*dental radiography - check for retained roots
*throat PCR swab for calicivirus + FHV
*Take photos
*Biopsy if not bilateral
what is FCGS aim of treatment?
*reduce burden of oral antigen in cat’s mouth long term
*improve welfare of patient by considerably reducing their pain
*Reduce inflammation of oral soft tissues
How is surgical treatment of FCGS carried out?
*full mouth dental radiographs needed
full scale + polish
1.removal of any diseased teeth/roots
2.’Full mouth extraction (all PM’s + M’s)
3.FULL MOUTH extractions (canines + incisors)
What does medical management of FCGS contain? (adjunct to surgery)
*Pain relief
-NSAIDs (meloxicam)
-Buprenorphine
-Gabapentin
*Antibiotic therapy (5d prior + 4-6wks post-op)
-Amoxicillin-clavulanate (synulox)
-Clindamycin tablets
-Injectable solution if can’t tablet
*Plaque reduction
-Hexarinse / Dentisept
-Teeth brushing daily (owner/cat compliance)
When considering management what needs to be done with food bowls?
*Use ceramic - harbour less bacteria
*Less likely to cause hypersensitivity reaction
*Plastic / metal bowls removed
When would you use Feline recombinant interferon Omega? regarding FCGS
*use for non-responders of surgical management
What dietary supplementation would you give a cat with FCGS?
*vitamin supplementation - omega-3 oils
