Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MICROPARA > PARASITOLOGY > Flashcards

PARASITOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

one in which the sexual cycle occurs or the adult is present

A

DEFINITIVE HOST

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

one in which the asexual cycle occurs or the larva is present.

A

INTERMEDIATE HOST

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In some helminthic infections, humans are ____

A

DEAD END HOSTS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

the larval form in the human is not transmitted to other humans or animals

A

DEAD END HOST

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

actively motile, feeding, reproducing form

A

TROPHOZITE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

nonmotile, nonmetabolizing, nonreproducing form surrounded by a thick wall.

A

CYST

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

cyst turns into ____ after entering the host

A

trophozite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

seen in the environment

A

cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Certain protozoa, such as Leishmania and Trypanosoma, have flagellated forms called ____ or ____

A

promastigotes or trypomastigotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

non-flagellated forms

A

amastigotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Transmission of the intestinal protozoa typically occurs by

A

ingestion of cysts

from contaminated water or food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Transmission of the blood protozoa occurs via

A

insect vectors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

INTESTINAL PROTOZOA

  • The cyst has four nuclei, an important diagnostic criterion.
  • Cysts (ingested form) → Within the intestine → produces trophozoites
  • Clinical findings:
    o **Amebic dysentery **
    o Amebic abscess of the liver
A

ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

INTESTINAL PROTOZOA | ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA

cyst has how many nuclei

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

INTESTINAL PROTOZOA | ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA

important diagnostic criterion

A

cyst w/ 4 nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

INTESTINAL PROTOZOA | ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA

diarrhea, bloody stool, intestinal tract

A

amebic dysentry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

INTESTINAL PROTOZOA | ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA

has pus that contains trophozites

A

amebic abscess of the liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

INTESTINAL PROTOZOA | ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA

DOC

A

metronidazole (Flagyl)
tinidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

INTESTINAL PROTOZOA

  • “Old man’s eyeglasses”
  • Clinical findings:
    o Watery (nonbloody), foul-smelling diarrhea
    o Trophozoite causes inflammation of the duodenal mucosa, leading to malabsorption of protein and fat.
A

GIARDIA LAMBLIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

INTESTINAL PROTOZOA | GIARDIA LAMBLIA

other name

A

old man’s eyeglasses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

INTESTINAL PROTOZOA | GIARDIA LAMBLIA

foul-smelling diarrhea can produce ____

(rotten egg odor)

A

H2S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

INTESTINAL PROTOZOA | GIARDIA LAMBLIA

excessive fat in feces

A

steatorrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

INTESTINAL PROTOZOA | GIARDIA LAMBLIA

Trophozoite causes inflammation of the duodenal mucosa, leading to malabsorption of ____ and ____

A

protein & fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

INTESTINAL PROTOZOA | GIARDIA LAMBLIA

Trophozoite causes inflammation of the ____, leading to malabsorption of protein and fat

A

duodenal mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

INTESTINAL PROTOZOA | GIARDIA LAMBLIA

DOC

A

Tinidazole (Tindamax)
Metronidazole (Flagyl)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

INTESTINAL PROTOZOA

  • Oocysts ingestion
  • Cryptosporidiosis, the main symptom of which is diarrhea.
  • The diarrhea is most severe in immunocompromised patients (e.g., those with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS]).
A

CRYPTOSPORIDIUM HOMINIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

INTESTINAL PROTOZOA | CRYPTOSPORIDIUM HOMINIS

cyst with zygote

A

oocyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

INTESTINAL PROTOZOA | CRYPTOSPORIDIUM HOMINIS

disease

A

cryptosporidiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

INTESTINAL PROTOZOA | CRYPTOSPORIDIUM HOMINIS

main symptom of cryptosporidiosis

A

diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

INTESTINAL PROTOZOA | CRYPTOSPORIDIUM HOMINIS

diarrhea is most severe in

A

immunocompromised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

INTESTINAL PROTOZOA | CRYPTOSPORIDIUM HOMINIS

DOC

A

nitazoxanide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

UROGENITAL PROTOZOA

  • Only exists as a trophozoite
  • Sexually transmitted
  • Women, - watery, foul-smelling, greenish vaginal discharge accompanied by itching and burning occurs.
  • Men - asymptomatic, but about 10% of infected men have urethritis.
A

TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

UROGENITAL PROTOZOA | TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS

DISEASE

A

TRICHOMONIASIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

UROGENITAL PROTOZOA | TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS

exist as

A

only as trophozoite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

UROGENITAL PROTOZOA | TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS

symptoms in women

A

watery, foul smelling, greenish vaginal discharge w itching & burning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

UROGENITAL PROTOZOA | TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS

symptoms in men

A

asymptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

UROGENITAL PROTOZOA | TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS

about 10% of infected men have ____

A

urethritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

UROGENITAL PROTOZOA | TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS

DOC

A

TINIDAZOLE
METRONIDAZOLE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA

  • Malaria
  • Vector: female anopheles mosquito
A

plasmodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | PLASMODIUM

DISEASE

A

MALARIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | PLASMODIUM

malaria is caused by how many plasmodia

A

4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | PLASMODIUM

4 plasmodia that causes malaria

A

vivax
ovale
malariae
falciparum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | PLASMODIUM

can form dormant in LIVER are called

A

hypnozoite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | PLASMODIUM

plasmodia that can form dormant in liver

(hypnozoite)

A

vivax
ovale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | PLASMODIUM

most dangerous/most pathogenic

A

falciparum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | PLASMODIUM

vector and definitive host

A

female anopheles mosquito

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | PLASMODIUM

asexual reproduction is called

A

schizogony

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | PLASMODIUM

cycle that happens outside the RBC (in the liver)

A

exo erythrocytic cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | PLASMODIUM

rupture releases ____

A

merozoites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | PLASMODIUM

cycle that happens inside RBC

A

erythrocytic cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | PLASMODIUM

once bitten by mosquito, it will acquire

A

gametocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | PLASMODIUM

cycle in mosquito

A

sporogonic cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | PLASMODIUM

presents with abrupt onset of fever and chills, accompanied by headache, myalgias, and arthralgias

A

malaria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | PLASMODIUM

Untreated malaria caused by P. falciparum is potentially life-threatening as a result of ____ and ____ damage.

A

extensive brain (cerebral malaria)
kdiney (blackwater fever)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | PLASMODIUM

drug that is first used in malaria

A

quinine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | PLASMODIUM

DOC

A

chloroquine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | PLASMODIUM

DOC for erythrocytic stage

A

chloroquine / quinine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | PLASMODIUM

DOC for exoerythrocytic stage

A

primaquine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | PLASMODIUM

DOC for gametogamy stage

A

quinine / primaquine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | PLASMODIUM

prophylaxis

A

cholorquine / doxycycline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | PLASMODIUM

patients resistant to malaria

A
  • sickle cell anemia
  • G6PD deficiency
  • black people
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | PLASMODIUM

radical cure of malaria

targets both active & dormant form

A

primaquine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA

  • Transmission: ingestion of cysts, transplacental transmission
  • Congenital infection - during pregnancy.
    o Can result in abortion, stillbirth, or neonatal disease with encephalitis, chorioretinitis, and hepatosplenomegaly. Fever, jaundice, and intracranial calcifications are also seen
A

TOXOPLASMA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | TOXOPLASMA

transmission

A

ingestion of cysts
transplacental (vertical)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | TOXOPLASMA

leading cause of blindness in children

A

congenital infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | TOXOPLASMA

DOC

A

sulfadiazine
pyrimethamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA

  • Vector: Reduviid bug (kissing bug)
  • Trypomastigotes → Amastigotes (heart muscle and neural tissues)
  • Chaga’s disease
A

TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI

68
Q
A
69
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI

VECTOR

A

reduviid bug (kissing bug)

70
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI

also cause

A

american sleeping sickness

71
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI

Myocarditis and megacolon

A

chronic chaga’s disease

72
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI

facial edema and a nodule (chagoma) near the bite; Romana’s sign

A

acute chaga’s disease

73
Q
A
73
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI

DOC

A

nifurtimox

74
Q
A
75
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA

  • Vector: tsetse fly bites
  • Enlargement of the posterior cervical lymph nodes (Winterbottom’s sign) is commonly seen.
  • The encephalitis is characterized initially by headache, insomnia, and mood changes, followed by muscle tremors, slurred speech, and apathy that progress to somnolence and coma.
A

TRYPANOSOMA GAMBIENSE & TRYPANOSOMA RHODASIENSE

76
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | TRYPANOSOMA GAMBIENSE & RHODASIENSE

vector

A

tsetse fly bites

77
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | TRYPANOSOMA GAMBIENSE & RHODASIENSE

can also cause ____
encephalitis can cause coma

A

african sleeping sickness

77
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | TRYPANOSOMA GAMBIENSE & RHODASIENSE

DOC

A

suramin

78
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | TRYPANOSOMA GAMBIENSE & RHODASIENSE

suramin should be given ____

A

before encephalitis occurs

79
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA

  • Vector: Phlebotomus sandfly
  • Promastigotes → (infects) Macrophages → Amastigotes (spreads to different tissues; infects reticuloendothelial system, spleen, bone marrow)
A

LEISHMANIA

80
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | LEISHMANIA

vector

A

phlebotomus sandlfy

81
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | LEISHMANIA

kala-azar (visceral leishmaniasis); enlargement of spleen and hyperpigmentation of the skin

A

leishmania donovani

82
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | LEISHMANIA

DOC for leishmania donovani

A

liposomal amphotericin B
sodim stibogluconate

83
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | LEISHMANIA

cutaneous leishmaniasis

A

leishmania tropica & L. mexicana

84
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | TRYPANOSOMA GAMBIENSE & RHODASIENSE

enlargement of the posterior cervical lymph nodes is called

A

winterbottom’s sign

85
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE PROTOZOA | LEISHMANIA

mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

A

leishmania braziliensis

86
Q

MINOR PROTOZOA

  • free-living amebas that cause meningoencephalitis
  • The organisms are found in warm freshwater lakes and in soil
  • immunocompromised
A

ACANTHAMOEBA CASTELLANII
NAEGLERIA FOWLERI

87
Q

MINOR PROTOZOA

  • causes babesiosis
  • Transmitted by the bite of the **tick Ixodes **
  • Infects red blood cells, causing them to lyse
  • Intraerythrocytic ring-shaped trophozoites are often in tetrads in the form of a Maltese cross
  • no exoerythrocytic stage
A

BABESIA MICROTI

88
Q

MINOR PROTOZOA | BABESIA MICROTI

vector

A

ixodes tick

89
Q

MINOR PROTOZOA | BABESIA MICROTI

infects

A

RBC, causes them to lyse

90
Q

MINOR PROTOZOA | BABESIA MICROTI

Intraerythrocytic ring-shaped trophozoites are often in tetrads in the form of a

A

maltese cross

91
Q

MINOR PROTOZOA

  • is the only ciliated protozoan that causes human disease
  • causes dysentery - bloody diarrhea
A

BALANTIDIUM COLI

92
Q

MINOR PROTOZOA

an intestinal protozoan that causes watery diarrhea in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals.

A

CYCLOSPORA CAYETANENSIS

93
Q

MINOR PROTOZOA

severe, persistent, watery diarrhea in AIDS patients

A

MICROSPORIDIA

94
Q

Many helminths have a life cycle that progresses from ____ to ____ to ____

A

egg to larva to adult

95
Q

HELMINTHS

transmission

A

ingestion of eggs
penetration of skin
insect bite

96
Q
  • Has a cylindrical body and a complete digestive tract, including a mouth and an anus.
  • have separate sexes
A

nematodes

97
Q

nematodes are also called as

A

roundworms

98
Q
A
99
Q

c

  • Eggs (SI) → larvae → adults → colon
  • At night, the female migrates from the anus and releases thousands of fertilized eggs on the perianal skin (Perinatal pruritus)
  • Dx: Scotch tape technique
A

ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS

100
Q

NEMATODES | ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS

is also called

A

pinworm

101
Q

NEMATODES | ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS

where male & female mate

A

colon

102
Q

NEMATODES | ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS

DOC

A

albendazole
mebendazole
pyrantel
pamoate

103
Q

NEMATODES | ENTEROBIUS VERMICULARIS

Diagnosis

A

scotch tape technique

104
Q

NEMATODES

  • Eggs (SI) → larvae → immature adults → colon → mate, and produce thousands of fertilized eggs
  • May cause diarrhea, but most infections are asymptomatic.
  • May also cause rectal prolapse in children with heavy infection.
A

TRICHURIS TRICHURIA

105
Q

NEMATODES | TRICHURIS TRICHURIA

is also called

A

whipworm

106
Q

NEMATODES | TRICHURIS TRICHURIA

may cause

A

diarrhea

107
Q

NEMATODES | TRICHURIS TRICHURIA

most infections are

A

asymptomatic

108
Q

NEMATODES | TRICHURIS TRICHURIA

  • may also cause ____with heavy infection
  • too many eggs causes rectum to go down the anus
A

rectal prolapse

109
Q

NEMATODES | TRICHURIS TRICHURIA

DOC

A

albendazole

110
Q

NEMATODES

  • Eggs (small intestine) → larvae → gut wall → bloodstream → lungs
  • Most infections are asymptomatic.
  • Ascaris pneumonia with fever, cough, and eosinophilia can occur with a heavy larval burden.
A

ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES

111
Q

NEMATODES | ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES

most infections are

A

asymptomatic

112
Q

NEMATODES | ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES

DISEASE:
____ with fever, cough, and eosinophilia can occur with a heavy larval burden.

A

ASCARIS PNEUMONIA

113
Q

NEMATODES | ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES

DOC

A

albendazole
mebendazole
ivermectin

114
Q

NEMATODES

Old World hookworm

A

ANYCLOSTOMA DUODENALE

115
Q

NEMATODES

New World hookworm

A

NECATOR AMERICANUS

116
Q

NEMATODES

  • Humans are infected when filariform larvae in moist soil penetrate the skin, usually of the feet or legs
  • The major damage is due to the loss of blood at the site of attachment in the small intestine
  • “Ground itch,” a pruritic papule or vesicle
A

ANYCLOSTOMA & NECATOR

117
Q

NEMATODES | ANYCLOSTOMA & NECATOR

Humans are infected when ____ in moist soil penetrate the skin, usually of the feet or legs

A

FILARIFORM LARVAE

118
Q

NEMATODES | ANYCLOSTOMA & NECATOR

a pruritic papule or vesicle

A

GROUND ITCH

119
Q

NEMATODES | ANYCLOSTOMA & NECATOR

DOC

A

albendazole
mebendazole
pyrantel pamoate

120
Q

NEMATODES

  • Humans are infected when filariform larvae in moist soil penetrate the skin, usually of the feet or legs
  • Clinical findings:
    o Pneumonia
    o Watery diarrhea
    o Ground itch
A

STRONGYLOIDES STERCOLARIS

121
Q

NEMATODES | STRONGYLOIDES STERCOLARIS

is also called as

A

HUMAN THREADWORM

122
Q

NEMATODES | STRONGYLOIDES STERCOLARIS

CLINICAL FINDINGS

A

pneumonia
watery diarrhea
ground itch

123
Q

NEMATODES | STRONGYLOIDES STERCOLARIS

DOC

A

IVERMECTIN

124
Q

NEMATODES

  • Humans are infected by eating raw or undercooked meat containing larvae
  • Characterized by diarrhea followed 1 to 2 weeks later by fever, muscle pain, periorbital edema, and eosinophilia.
A

TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS

125
Q

NEMATODES | TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS

is also called as

A

PORK WORM

126
Q

NEMATODES | TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS

humans are infected by

A

eating raw or uncooked meat containg larvae

127
Q

NEMATODES | TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS

DOC

A

mebendazole (early infection)

128
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE NEMATODES

  • Vector: mosquito → larvae into the bloodstream
  • larvae penetrate the skin, enter a lymph node, and, after 1 year, mature to adults that produce microfilariae
  • Adult worms in the lymph nodes cause inflammation that eventually obstructs the lymphatic vessels, causing edema. Massive edema of the legs is called elephantiasis
A

WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI

129
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE NEMATODES | WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI

larvae penetrate the skin, enter a lymph node, and, after 1 year, mature to adults that produce ____

A

microfilariae (adult worm)

130
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE NEMATODES | WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI

early infection

A

asymptomatic

131
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE NEMATODES | WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI

Adult worms in the lymph nodes cause inflammation that eventually obstructs the lymphatic vessels causing ____

A

edema

132
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE NEMATODES | WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI

massive edema of the legs is called

A

elephantiasis

133
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE NEMATODES | WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI

elephantiasis is also known as

A

filariasis

134
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE NEMATODES | WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI

DOC

A

diethylcarbamazine

135
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE NEMATODES

  • Vector: Female black fly → larvae → SC tissues
  • It causes River blindness (Onchocerciasis)
A

ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS

136
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE NEMATODES | ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS

vector

A

female black fly

137
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE NEMATODES | ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS

disease

A

river blindness

138
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE NEMATODES | ONCHOCERCA VOLVULUS

DOC

A

ivermectin

139
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE NEMATODES

  • Vector: Deer fly (mango fly) → skin
  • A hypersensitivity reaction causes transient, localized, non- erythematous, subcutaneous edema (Calabar swellings).
A

LOA LOA

140
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE NEMATODES | LOA LOA

VECTOR

A

DEER FLY (MANGO FLY)

141
Q

BLOOD & TISSUE NEMATODES | LOA LOA

disease

A

calabar swelling

142
Q

PLATYHELMINTHS (FLATWORMS)

consist of two main parts:
* A rounded head called a scolex and a flat body consisting of multiple segments.
* Each segment is called a proglottid.

A

TAPEWORM

143
Q

TAPEWORMS

A rounded head called a

A

scolex

144
Q

TAPEWORMS

Each segment is called a

A

proglottid

145
Q

TAPEWORMS

oldest; very first proglottid; found at the end; contains many eggs

A

gravid proglottid

146
Q

TAPEWORMS

  • PORK TAPEWORM
  • undercooked pork
  • neurocysticerosis
  • DOC: Praziquantel
A

TAENIA SOLIUM

147
Q

TAPEWORMS

  • BEEF TAPEWORM
  • undercooked beef
  • DOC: Praziquantel
A

TAENIA SAGINATA

148
Q

TAPEWORMS

  • FISH TAPEWORM
  • undercooked fish
  • INTERMEDIATE HOSTS: Copepods & fish
  • steals Vitamin B12 from the host
  • B12 - Cobalamine causes megaloblastic anemia
A

DIPHYLLOBOTHRIUM LATUM

149
Q

TAPEWORMS

  • DOG TAPEWORM
  • INTERMEDIATE HOST: sheep
  • hydatid cysts (filled sac)
  • can rupture - will cause anaphylactic shock
  • should be surgically removed
A

ECHINOCOCCUS GRANULOSUS

150
Q

TREMATODES (FLUKES)

  • The female resides in a groove in the male, the canal (“schist”), where he continuously fertilizes her eggs (they grow together; reside together)
  • miracidia (larvae) → snail → cercaria → humans
  • Most of the pathologic findings are caused by the presence of eggs in the liver, spleen, or wall of the gut or bladder.
  • Eggs in the liver induce granulomas, which lead to fibrosis, hepatomegaly, and portal hypertension.
A

SCHISTOSOMA

151
Q

TREMATODES (FLUKES) | SCHISTOSOMA

also known as

A

blood flukes

152
Q

TREMATODES (FLUKES) | SCHISTOSOMA

  • a larva that can infect the snails
  • can be found in lakes, river
A

miracidia

153
Q

TREMATODES (FLUKES) | SCHISTOSOMA

affects the colon

A

S. mansoni

154
Q

TREMATODES (FLUKES) | SCHISTOSOMA

affects small intestine, liver

A

S. japonicum

155
Q

TREMATODES (FLUKES) | SCHISTOSOMA

affects urinary bladder

A

S. haematobium

156
Q

TREMATODES (FLUKES) | SCHISTOSOMA

DOC

A

praziquantel

157
Q

OTHER TREMATODES

Transmission: Ingested with raw fish

A

CLONORCHIS SINENSIS

158
Q

OTHER TREMATODES | CLONORCHIS SINENSIS

is also called

A

CHINESE LIVER FLUKE

159
Q

OTHER TREMATODES

  • Transmission: raw or undercooked crab meat (or crayfish)
  • immature flukes → intestinal wall and migrate →diaphragm into the lung parenchyma. (causes cough with bloody sputum)
A

PARAGONIMUS WESTERMANI

160
Q

OTHER TREMATODES | PARAGOMINUS WESTERMANI

is also known as

A

HUMAN LUNG FLUKE

161
Q

OTHER TREMATODES

Humans are infected by eating watercress

A

FASCIOLA HEPATICA

162
Q

OTHER TREMATODES | FASCIOLA HEPATICA

is also known as

A

SHEEP LIVER FLUKE

163
Q

OTHER TREMATODES

Humans are infected by eating aquatic vegetation that carries the cysts

A

FASCIOLOPSIS BUSKI

164
Q

OTHER TREMATODES | FASCIOLOPSIS BUSKI

is also known as

A

GIANT INTESTINAL FLUKE

MICROPARA (37 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions