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MICROPARA > M2 > Flashcards

M2 Flashcards

1
Q

orderly INCREASE in the sum of all the compounds of an organism

A

GROWTH

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2
Q

what mode of reproduction is the BINARY FISSION

A

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

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3
Q

process of binary fission

A
  1. DNA replication
  2. cytoplasm elongate
  3. start of split
  4. split
  5. 2 identical daughter cells
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4
Q

how many is the product of binary fission

A

2 idential daughter cells

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5
Q

an increase in the number of SINGLE BACTERIA making up a population

A

CULTURE

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6
Q

is an increase in the size a growth among microorganisms

A

AN INCREASE IN THE SIZE IS NOT A TRUE GROWTH AMONG MICROORGANISMS

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7
Q

AVERAGE TIME required for the population, or biomass, to DOUBLE

A

GENERATION TIME / DOUBLING TIME

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8
Q

generation time / doubling time is _________ in every microorganism

A

NOT CONSTANT

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9
Q

BACTERIAS are said to undergo ________

A

EXPONENTIAL GROWTH / LOGARITHMIC GROWTH

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10
Q

PHASES of bacterial growth curve in order

A

LAG PHASE
LOG / EXPONENTIAL PHASE
STATIONARY PHASE
DEATH / DECLINE PHASE

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11
Q

a period where cells are DEPLETED of metabolites and enzymes as the result of the UNFAVORABLE CONDITIONS

A

LAG PHASE

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12
Q
  • cells ADAPT to their new environment
  • enzymes & intermediates are FORMED
  • NO DIVISION happening but still active
  • preparing themselves to divide
  • bacteria undergo INTENSE METABOLIC ACTIVITY
A

LAG PHASE

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13
Q

during this phase, the cells are in a STEADY STATE. new cell is being synthesized at a CONSTANT RATE

A

LOG / EXPONENTIAL PHASE

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14
Q

the EXHAUSTION OF NUTRIENTS or the ACCUMULATION OF TOXIC PRODUCTS causes the growth to CEASE COMPLETELY

A

STATIONARY PHASE

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14
Q
  • cells are now DIVIDING
  • cells are in STEADY STATE & grow
  • the stage where most bacterial cells are MOST METABOLICALLY ACTIVE
A

LOG / EXPONENTIAL PHASE

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15
Q
  • period of EQUILBIRIUM
  • # of deaths = # of new cells
  • slow loss of cells through death and balanced by the formation of new cells
A

STATIONARY PHASE

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16
Q

cell viability begins to DECREASE at a DEFINED RATE

A

DEATH / DECLINE PHASE

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17
Q

GROWTH RATE:
lag phase

A

0

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18
Q

GROWTH RATE:
log / exponential phase

A

constant

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19
Q

GROWTH RATE:
stationary phase

A

0

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20
Q

GROWTH RATE:
death / decline phase

A

negative

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21
Q

stationary phase is also called

A

PLATEU

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22
Q

3 major mechanisms for generating metabolic energy

A

FERMENTATION
RESPIRATION
PHOTOSYNTHESIS

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23
Q

characterized by substrate phosphorylation

A

FERMENTATION

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24
Q

analogous to the COUPLING of an ENERGY-DEPENDENT process to the discharge of a battery

A

RESPIRATION

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25
Q

like respiration but the REDUCTION OF NA OXIDANT via a specific series of ELECTRON CARRIERS establishes the PROTON MOTIVE FORCE

A

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

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25
Q
  • process of PROPAGATING microorganisms by providing the PROPER environmental conditions
A

CULTIVATION

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26
Q

NUTRITIONAL BACKBONE for every microorganism

A

CARBON

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27
Q

organisms that DO NOT REQUIRE organic nutrients for growth. these are CAPABLE of MAKING THEIR OWN FOOD

A

AUTROTROPHS

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28
Q

organisms that use an INORGANIC SUSBTRATE

A

CHEMOLITHOTROPHS

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29
Q

REQUIRE organic carbon for growth, and it must be in the form that can be assimilated

A

HETEROTROPHS

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30
Q

major component of PROTEINS, NUCLEIC ACID, and other compounds

A

NITROGEN

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31
Q
  • key component in plants for PHOTOSYNTHESIS
  • a property UNIQUE to PROKARYOTES
A

NITROGEN FIXATION

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32
Q

increase in the population/number of cells

A

TRUE GROWTH

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33
Q

refers to the INCREASE in the NUMBER OF CELLS, not the size of the cell

A

MICROBIAL GROWTH

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34
Q

division time of E. coli

A

15 mins

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35
Q

the time when microorganism is ACQUIRED until the appearance of FIRST SYMPTOMS

A

INCUBATION PERIOD

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36
Q

proper environmental condition for microorganism to grow, optimal for growth

A

INCUBATOR

37
Q

Most microorganisms assimilate nitrogen in the form of ______ (NH3) through membrane diffusion.

A

AMMONIA

38
Q

a component of many organic cell substance forming part of several coenzymes and found in the CYSTEINYL and METHIONYL side chains of proteins.

A

SULFUR

39
Q

required as a component of ATP, nucleic acids and coenzymes like NAD, NADP and flavins.

A

PHOSPHORUS

40
Q

found in chlorophyll molecules

A

MAGNESIUM
Mg2+

41
Q

part of the coenzyme of the cytochromes and peroxidases

A

IRON
Fe2+

42
Q

found in POROPHYRIN DERIVATIVES

A

MAGNESIUM (Mg2+)
FERROUS (Fe2+)

43
Q

essential for the function and integrity of RIBOSOMES

A

Mg2+ & K+

44
Q

required constituent of GRAM-POSITIVE CELL WALLS

A

Ca2+

45
Q

required for the growth of MARINE ORGANISMS

A

Na+

46
Q

Other minerals include Mn+2, Mo+2, Co+2, Cu+2 and Zn+2 are required in ________

A

TRACE QUANTITIES (small amounts)

47
Q

compounds that CHELATE IRON and promote its transport as a soluble complex

A

SIDEROPHORES

48
Q

an organic compound which a CELL MUST HAVE TO GROWN but which it is UNABLE TO SYNTHESIZE.

A

GROWTH FACTOR

49
Q

ENERGY SOURCE, CARBON SOURCE:
Photoautotrophs

A

Light, Carbon dioxide

50
Q

ENERGY SOURCE, CARBON SOURCE:
Photoheterotrophs

A

LIGHT, ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

51
Q

ENERGY SOURCE, CARBON SOURCE:
Chemoautotrophs or Lithotrophs

A

INORGANIC COMPOUNDS, CARBON DIOXIDE

52
Q

ENERGY SOURCE, CARBON SOURCE:
Chemoheterotrophs or Heterotrophs

A

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

53
Q

most organisms have a _______ optimal pH range

A

FAIRLY NARROW

54
Q

microorganisms that live in a pH range of 6.0 to 8.0

A

NEUTRALOPHILES

55
Q

microorganisms that live in a pH of 3.0

A

ACIDOPHILES

56
Q

microorganisms that live in a pH of 10.5

A

BASOPHILES / ALKALIPHILES

57
Q

OPTIMAL GROWTH TEMPERATURE:
Psychrophiles / Psychrophilic

A

-5 to 15C

58
Q

OPTIMAL GROWTH TEMPERATURE:
Psychrotrophs

A

20 - 30C

59
Q

OPTIMAL GROWTH TEMPERATURE:
Mesophilic / Mesophiles

A

30 - 37C

60
Q

OPTIMAL GROWTH TEMPERATURE:
Thermophilic / Thermophiles

A

50 - 60C

61
Q

OPTIMAL GROWTH TEMPERATURE:
Hyperthermophilic / Hyperthermophiles

A

above the temp of boiling water

62
Q

grows best at LOW temperatures (COLD environment)

A

PSYCHROPHILES, PSYCHOTROPHS

63
Q

can survive human body temp

A

MESOPHILES

64
Q

MICROBIAL SPECIES that grows from low temp to high temp (in order)

A

Psychrophile
Psychrotrophs
Mesophile
Thermophile
Hyperthermophile

65
Q

microorganisms that can cause DISEASES in HUMANS

A

NEUTRALOPHILE

66
Q

a NATURAL BARRIER to infection because it is ACIDIC

A

STOMACH

67
Q

needs oxygen

A

AEROBIC

68
Q

does not need oxygen

A

ANAERBOIC

69
Q

requires OXYGEN as HYDROGEN ACCEPTOR

A

OBLIGATE AEROBES

70
Q

needs oxygen

A

OBLIGATE

71
Q

able to live aerobically and anaerobically

A

FACULTATIVE ANAEROBES

72
Q

prefer oxygen but can also live without it

A

FACULTATIVE ANAEROBES

73
Q

requires SMALL AMOUNTS OF OXYGEN (2-10%) & enzymes

A

MICROAEROPHILIES

74
Q

SENSITIVE to OXYGEN inhibition

A

OBLIGATE ANAEROBE

75
Q

HATES oxygen, does not have enzymes

A

OBLIGATE ANAEROBE

76
Q

HATES OXYGEN but can TOLERATE it (bcoz walang use and oxygen sa kaniya)

A

AEROTOLERANT

77
Q

indifferent to oxygen, can grow in its presence but do not use it as hydrogen acceptor

A

AEROTOLERANT

78
Q

ENZYMES FOR O2 DETOXIFICATION:
Obligate aerobe

A

Catalase: hydrogen peroxide 2H2O2 –> hydrogen peroxide 2H2O + superoxide O2

79
Q

ENZYMES FOR O2 DETOXIFICATION:
Facultative anaerobe

A

Catalase, superoxide dismutase

80
Q

ENZYMES FOR O2 DETOXIFICATION:
Obligate anaerobe

A

Neither catalase nor superoxide dismutase in most

81
Q

ENZYMES FOR O2 DETOXIFICATION:
Microaerophile

A

small amounts of catalase & superoxide dismutase

82
Q

ENZYMES FOR O2 DETOXIFICATION:
Aerotolerant

A

superoxide dismutase

83
Q

Catalase: 2H2O2 –> 2H2O + O2
Superoxide dismutase: 2O2- + 2H2+ —> O2 + H2O2

A

OBLIGATE AEROBE

84
Q

Catalase, superoxide dismutase

A

FACULTATIVE ANAEROBE

85
Q

Neither catalase or superoxide dismutase in most

A

OBLIGATE ANAEROBE

86
Q

small amounts of catalase & superoxide dismutase

A

MICROAEROPHILE

87
Q

superoxide dismutase

A

AEROTOLERANT

88
Q

water —> high concentration

A

PLASMOLYSIS

89
Q

natural by-products of aerobic metabolism

A

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE H2O2
SUPEROXIDE O2-

90
Q

MARINE BACTERIA that requires growth in the presence of HIGH SALT concentrations are called

A

HALOPHILES

91
Q

organisms capable of growing in high concentrations of SUGARS are called

A

OSMOPHILES

MICROPARA (37 decks)

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