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MICROPARA > M3 PART 2 > Flashcards

M3 PART 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

can be antibody-mediated (humoral immunity), cell-mediated (cellular immunity) or both. An encounter with a microbial or viral agent usually elicits a complex variety of responses.

A

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

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2
Q

highly specific, has immunologic memory and can respond rapidly and vigorously to a second antigen exposure.

A

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

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3
Q

B lymphocytes develop in

A

BONE MARROW

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4
Q

can either be T-cell dependent or T-cell independent

A

B CELL ACTIVATION

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5
Q

TYPES OF B CELLS

produce immunoglobulins

A

ANTIBODY SECRETING PLASMA CELLS (APCs)

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6
Q

TYPES OF B CELLS

present antigens to helper T-cells that responds rapidly during reinfection

A

MEMORY CELLS

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7
Q

what type of immunity involves B cell

A

HUMORAL IMMUNITY

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8
Q

antibodies are produced by what type of cells

A

B CELLS

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9
Q

T cells are produced in

A

BONE MARROW

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10
Q

where does the T cells travel to mature

A

THYMUS

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11
Q

play a significant role in the adaptive immunity response

A

LYMPHOID CELLS

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12
Q
  • effector cells that contain the CD4 proteins
  • responsible for stimulating the B-cells to produce antibodies
  • promote the development of delayed hypersensitivity and serve as a defense against intracellular agents.
A

HELPER T CELLS

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13
Q

effector cells that contain CD8 proteins and are mainly responsible for the destruction of cells in tissue grafts, tumor cells and virus-infected cells

A

CYTOTOXIC T CELLS

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14
Q

a protein produced by B-lymphocytes (plasma cells) in response to the presence of antigen and is capable of combining specifically with an antigen

A

IMMUNOGLOBULIN / ANTIBODY

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15
Q

substance that induces an immune response

A

ANTIGENS

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16
Q

can trigger the activation of immune response (release of antibody)

A

NON-SELF / FOREIGN ANTIGEN

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17
Q

small molecules that cannot trigger an immune response

A

HAPTENS

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18
Q

the chains of the Ig molecules are linked by

A

DISULFIDE BRIDGES

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19
Q

Antibody Structure

binds to the antigen

A

VARIABLE

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20
Q

Ig molecule is a ____ chain

A

POLYPEPTIDE

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21
Q

Antibody Structure

biologic functions, basis for distinguishing classes of antibodies

A

CONSTANT

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22
Q

Antibody Structure

fragments where antigen binding happens

A

FAB FRAGMENTS

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23
Q

Antibody Structure

fragments where biological activities happen

A

FC FRAGMENTS

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24
Q
  • needs activation of B cell
  • antigen will be introduced
A

CELL DEPENDENT

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25
Q
  • does not need activation of B cell
  • if encountered an LPS will be activated even without B cell
A

CELL INDEPENDENT

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26
Q
  • Major class of immunoglobulin present in the serum
  • The only immunoglobulin class to cross the placenta and is therefore the most abundant immunoglobulin in newborns.
  • Also mediates opsonization of antigen through binding of antigen-antibody complexes to Fc receptors on macrophages and other cells
A

IgG

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27
Q

targets the capsule of bacteria

A

IgG 2

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28
Q

can activate the complement

A

IgG 3

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29
Q
  • biggest (malaki)
  • first to respond (mabilis)
  • most efficient, has highest binding capacity (maaasahan)
  • 10 binding sites
  • short lived
A

IgM

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30
Q

kapag bumaba ang IgM levels, papalitan ni

A

IgG

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31
Q
  • major immunoglobulin responsible for mucosal immunity
  • It is the main immunoglobulin in secretions such as milk, saliva and tears and in secretions of the respiratory, intestinal and genital tracts.
  • It protects mucous membranes from attack by bacteria and viruses
A

IgA

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32
Q
  • An immunoglobulin bounded to the surface of mast cells, basophils and eosinophils where it acts as a receptor for the antigen that stimulated its production.
  • It triggers allergic responses of the immediate (anaphylactic) type through the release of mediators like histamine and leukotriene.
  • appears in external secretions and is also increased during helminthic infections.
A

IgE

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33
Q
  • An immunoglobulin that acts as an antigen receptor when present on the surface of B-lymphocytes.
  • It is present in trace amounts only in serum and its function is unclear
A

IgD

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34
Q

in the event of second encounter with the same antigen, the second antibody reponse is

A

MORE RAPID & GENERATE HIGHER LEVELS

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35
Q

in secondary response, the amount of IgM produced is

A

SAME

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36
Q

in secondary response, the amount of IgG produced is

A

higher

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37
Q

clump antibodies

A

AGGLUTINATION

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38
Q

enhance phagocytosis

A

OPSONIZATION

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39
Q
  • needs an antigen first before mag release ng antibody
  • the antibody produced is long lasting
A

ACTIVE IMMUNITY

40
Q
  • does not need an antigen
  • passes the antibody
  • generated by administration of pre-formed antibodies
  • does not confer long term protection
A

PASSIVE IMMUNITY

41
Q

what type of immunity is VACCINE

A

ACTIVE IMMUNITY

42
Q

enhances phagocytosis and reduces number of infectious units to be dealt with

A

AGGLUTINATION

43
Q
  • coating antigen with antibody
  • enhances phagocytosis
A

OPSONIZATION

44
Q
  • blocks adhesion of bacteria and viruses to mucosa
  • blocks active site of toxin
A

NEUTRALIZATION

45
Q

cell lysis

A

ACTIVATION OF COMPLEMENT

46
Q

disruption of cell by complement/reactive protein attracts phagocytic and other defensive immune system cells

A

INFLAMMATION

47
Q

antibodies attached to target cell cause destruction by non-specific immune system cells

A

ANTIBODY-DEPENDENT CELL-MEDIATED CYTOTOXICITY

48
Q

TYPE OF ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

  • antigens enter the body naturally
  • body induces antibodies and specialized lymphocytes
A

ACTIVE
naturally

49
Q

TYPE OF ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

antibodies pass from mother to fetus via placenta or to infant via mother’s milk

A

PASSIVE
naturally

50
Q

TYPE OF ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

  • antigens are introduced in vaccines
  • body produces antibodies and specialized lymphocytes
A

ACTIVE
artificially

51
Q

TYPE OF ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

preformed antibodies in immune serum are introduced by injection

A

PASSIVE
artificially

52
Q

protection from an infectious disease

A

IMMUNITY

53
Q

preparation used to induce immunity.

A

VACCINE

54
Q

The administration of a vaccine to stimulate the body’s immune system

A

VACCINATION

55
Q

process by which a person becomes protected (immune) from a disease through vaccination

A

IMMUNIZATION

56
Q

Prepared using LIVE pathogen with reduced virulence

MMR

A

LIVE ATTENUATED VACCINE

57
Q

consists of KILLED bacteria or viruses

A

INACTIVATED KILLED VACCINE

58
Q

Contain only a selected antigenic fragment of a microorganism

A

SUBUNIT VACCINE

59
Q

antigen + protein carrier

A

CONJUGATED VACCINE

60
Q

DNA induce cells to synthesize protein (antigen)

A

NUCLEIC ACID VACCINE / DNA VACCINE

61
Q

vector is genetically modified to “carry” genetic code for antigen

A

RECOMBINNAT VECTOR VACCINE

62
Q

presents the antigen

A

ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELL
APC

63
Q

T cells require

A

ACTIVATION

64
Q

dendritic cell is an

A

ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELL
APC

65
Q
  • cannot recognize on their own
  • antigen should be presented to activate
A

T CELL

66
Q
  • APC
  • phagocytic cell
A

DENDRITIC CELL

67
Q

APCs

A

dendritic cell
b cell
macrophage

68
Q

APC encounterss & ingest MO -> presents to the T cell through ____

A

MHC II

69
Q

CTL

A

CYTOTOXIC LYMPHOCYTES

70
Q

activated by MHC I molecule

A

CD8

71
Q

activated by MHC II molecule

A

CD4

72
Q

denotes a condition in which the immune response results in exaggerated or inappropriate reactions that are harmful to the host

A

HYPERSENSITIVITY

73
Q
  • It manifests itself in tissue reactions occurring within seconds after the antigen combines with specific IgE antibody.
  • It may take place as a systemic anaphylaxis or as a local reaction like atopic allergy.
  • It is being mediated by the release of histamine (causes vasodilation, increased capillary permeability and smooth muscle contraction), prostaglandin (causes bronchoconstriction) and leukotriene (causes increased permeability of capillaries).
A

TYPE I: IMMEDIATE HYPERSENSITIVITY (ALLERGY)

74
Q
  • widespread degranulation of cells
  • can cause death; anaphylactic shock, broncho-constriction
A

SYSTEMIC ANAPHYLAXIS

75
Q
  • these antigens are typically environmental or foods (cause)
  • common clinical manifestations include hay fever, asthma, eczema, and urticaria
A

ATOPY

76
Q
  • It involves the binding of IgG antibody to cell surface antigens or extracellular matrix molecules that can activate complement or effector cells to damage the cells.
  • This results to a complement-mediated lysis that occurs in hemolytic anemias, ABO transfusion reactions and Rh hemolytic disease.
A

TYPE II: CYTOTOXIC REACTIONS

77
Q

Immune complexes are formed when an antibody binds with specific antigens. Normally they are removed and excreted out of the body but occasionally they persist and are deposited in tissues, resulting in several disorders.

A

TYPE III: IMMUNE COMPLEX HYPERSENSITIVITY

78
Q

this reaction occurs when a low dose of antigen is injected into the skin and induces the production of IgG antibodies and complement activation

seen in vaccines

A

ARTHUS REACTION

79
Q

a well-known immune complex disease

A

ACUTE POSTSTREPTOCOCCAL GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

80
Q
  • It involves cell-mediated immune responses and is caused mainly by specifically sensitized T-lymphocytes that activate macrophages to cause an inflammatory response.
  • The response is delayed – it usually starts 2 to 3 days after contact with the antigen and often lasts for days.
  • It includes contact hypersensitivity and tuberculin-type hypersensitivity.
A

TYPE IV: CELL-MEDIATED (DELAYED) HYPERSENTIVITY

81
Q

most abundant blood type

A

TYPE O

82
Q

damaging of RBC

A

HEMOLYSIS

83
Q

ANTIBODIES

TYPE A

A

ANTI B

84
Q

ANTIBODIES

TYPE B

A

ANTI A

85
Q

ANTIBODIES

TYPE AB

A

NONE

86
Q

ANTIBODIES

TYPE O

A

ANTI A
ANTI B

87
Q

ANTIGENS

TYPE A

A

A

88
Q

ANTIGENS

TYPE B

A

B

89
Q

ANTIGENS

TYPE AB

A

A B

90
Q

ANTIGENS

TYPE O

A

NONE

91
Q

universal donor

A

TYPE O

92
Q

universal acceptor

A

TYPE AB

93
Q

Rh factor is also known as

A

RHESUS FACTOR

94
Q
  • a type of protein on the outside of your RBC
  • seen first in monkeys
A

Rh factor

95
Q

majority of the population has what type of Rh factor

A

Rh + antigen

96
Q
  • injected during pregnancy
  • artificial immunity
  • passive immunity
  • inactivates the antigen so no production of antibody
A

RhoD immune globulin

MICROPARA (13 decks)

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