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MICROPARA > M6 > Flashcards

M6 Flashcards

1
Q
  • Eukaryotic
  • Either multicellular (mold) or unicellular (yeast)
  • Non-motile
  • Nonphotosynthetic
  • Obligate aerobes and some of them are facultative anaerobes
  • Chemotrophs
A

FUNGI

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2
Q

FUNGI

Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic?

A

eukaryotic

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3
Q

FUNGI

Multicellular

A

mold

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4
Q

FUNGI

Unicellular

A

yeast

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5
Q

FUNGI

motility

A

nonmotile

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6
Q

FUNGI

capability of making their own food

A

nonphotosynthetic - not capable

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7
Q

FUNGI

majority of the fungi are ____

A

nonpathogenic

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8
Q

FUNGI

how many are medically important

A

400

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9
Q

FUNGI

how many are associated in human infection

A

less than 50

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10
Q

FUNGI

helpful in the ____

A

environment

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10
Q

MOLDS

the mass of intertwined hyphae is called a

A

mycelium

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10
Q

Two Basic Growth Forms of Fungi

A

MOLDS
YEAST

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10
Q

FUNGI

they are ____

they feed on decaying matter

A

saprophytes

chemotrophs

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10
Q

study of fungi

A

mycology

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10
Q

Two Basic Growth Forms of Fungi

growth occurs by production of hyphae

A

molds

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10
Q

HYPHA

has cross walls
has septum

A

septated

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10
Q

MOLDS

can be septated (has cross walls, has septum) or non-septated (coenocytic hyphae; no cross walls, no septum)

A

hypha

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11
Q

HYPHA

coenocytic hyphae
no cross walls
no septum

A

non-septated

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11
Q

Two Forms of Hyphae

  • responsible for reproduction
  • projects above the surface to bear reproductive spores
A

AERIAL HYPHAE

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11
Q

Two Forms of Hyphae

  • anchors the fungi into its medium
  • anchors the organism responsible for the absorption of nutrients from the medium
A

VEGETATIVE HYPHAE

(substrate)

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12
Q

FUNGI

vegetative hyphae is also called as

A

SUBSTRATE

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13
Q

FUNGI

can reproduce sexually & asexually

A

filamentous fungi

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14
Q

FUNGI

the spores that are produced by fungi is for ____

A

reproduction

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15
Q

FUNGI | LIFE CYCLE

hyphae will undergo mitosis to form spores and in favorable environment, the spores will undergo germination to form daughter cell (haploid)

A

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

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16
Q

FUNGI | LIFE CYCLE

the haploid will undergo plasmogamy into heterokaryotic stage, and will undegro karyogamy to form zygote which will undergo meiosis to form spores and will germinate in favorbale conditions to form daughter cells

A

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

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17
Q

FUNGI | LIFE CYCLE

3 importnat stages in sexual reproduction

A

PLASMOGAMY
KARYOGAMY
MEIOSIS

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18
Q

FUNGI | LIFE CYCLE

  • haploid cells from two different mycelia fuse to form a heterokaryotic cell with two or more nuclei
  • marriage or union of cytoplasm
A

PLASMOGAMY

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19
Q

FUNGI | LIFE CYCLE

  • it has 2 nuclei in one cell
  • formed in plasmogamy
A

heterokaryotic stage/cell

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20
Q

FUNGI | LIFE CYCLE

the nuclei fuse to form a diploid (2n) zygote

A

KARYOGAMY

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21
Q

FUNGI | LIFE CYCLE

haploid (1n) spores are formed

A

MEIOSIS

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22
Q

FUNGI | LIFE CYCLE

a multicellular mycelium is formed

A

GERMINATION

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23
Q

FUNGI | LIFE CYCLE

zygospores, ascospores, and basidiospores

A

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

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24
Q

FUNGI | LIFE CYCLE | SEXUAL REPRO

single, large spores with thick spores

A

ZYGOSPORES

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25
Q

FUNGI | LIFE CYCLE | SEXUAL REPRO

spores are contained in a sac called ascus

A

ASCOSPORES

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26
Q

FUNGI | LIFE CYCLE | SEXUAL REPRO

spores are contained in a sac called basidium

A

BASIDIOSPORES

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27
Q

FUNGI | LIFE CYCLE | ASEXUAL REPRO

produced by most pathogenic fungi

A

CONIDIA

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28
Q

FUNGI | LIFE CYCLE | ASEXUAL REPRO

formed within a sac called sporangium

A

SPORANGIOSPORES

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29
Q

FUNGI | LIFE CYCLE

conidia and sporangiospores

A

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

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30
Q

FUNGI | LIFE CYCLE

Fungi do not form sexual spores are termed ____

A

IMPERFECT

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31
Q

FUNGI | LIFE CYCLE

Fungi do not form sexual spores are termed “imperfect” and are classified as ____

A

FUNGI IMPERFECTI

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32
Q

Two Basic Growth Forms of Fungi

single cells, usually spherical or ellipsoid

A

YEAST

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33
Q

YEAST

mode of reproduction

A

Asexual Reproduction
BUDDING

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34
Q

YEAST

Some species may produce chain of elongated yeast cells called

(fail to detach from the parent cells)

A

PSEUDOHYPHAE

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35
Q

YEAST

Several pathogens are ____

(can exist as yeast or mold depending on temperature)

A

DIMORPHIC

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36
Q

YEAST

temperature for yeast-like

A

37C

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37
Q

YEAST

temperature for mold-like

A

25C

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38
Q

FUNGAL CELL STRUCTURE

Composed largely of long chains of polysaccharides – as well as glycoproteins and lipids

A

CELL WALL

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39
Q

FUNGAL CELL STRUCTURE | CELL WALL

Some sugar polymers found in fungal cell wall are ____, ____, ____

A

CHITIN
GLUCANS
MANNANS

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40
Q

FUNGAL CELL STRUCTURE | CELL WALL

Some yeasts and molds are described as ____ because their cell walls contain melanin

A

DEMATIACEOUS

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41
Q

FUNGAL CELL STRUCTURE | CELL WALL

facilitate attachment to the host cell then the cell wall of the fungi may trigger an immune response

A

SURFACE COMPONENTS

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42
Q

FUNGAL CELL STRUCTURE | CELL MEMBRANE

The fungal cell membrane contains ____

A

ERGOSTEROL

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43
Q

FUNGAL CELL STRUCTURE

what makes the fungi different from bacteria

A

fungal cell wall contains ergosterol
bacterial cell wall lacks sterol

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44
Q

what are the targets of antifungal agents

A

both the cell wall & cell membrane

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45
Q

FUNGI | LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS

Microscopic examination requires treatment with ____

A

KOH

Potassium hydroxide

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46
Q

FUNGI | LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS

Culture used that supports the growth of fungi

A

SABOURAUD DEXTROSE AGAR

selective medium

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47
Q

FUNGI | LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS

detection of antibodies against fungi

A

SEROLOGY

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48
Q

FUNGI | LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS

Molecular methods

A

Polymerase Chain Reaction
PCR

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48
Q

FUNGAL CONDITIONS

allergies

A

hypersensitivity

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48
Q

FUNGI | LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS

to know which antifungal agent is the most ideal to be given to the organism and to check if the organism will be susceptible or resistant to the agent

A

ANTIFUNGAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TESTING

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48
Q

FUNGAL CONDITIONS

happens upon ingestion of poisonous fungi (e.g., poisonous mushroom)

A

MYCETISMUS

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48
Q

FUNGAL CONDITIONS

happens upon ingestion of toxins produced by a fungus (e.g., ingestion of aflatoxin from peanuts – produced by Aspergillus flavus)

A

MYCOTOXICOSIS

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48
Q

FUNGAL CONDITIONS

fungal infections

A

MYCOSES

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49
Q

SUPERFICIAL MYCOSES

  • Causative agents – Malassezia globose, Malassezia furfur, or Malassezia sympodialis
  • Disease – Pityriasis versicolor
A

MALASSEZIA INFECTIONS

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49
Q

SUPERFICIAL MYCOSES | MALASSEZIA INFECTIONS

disease

A

PITYRIASIS VERSICOLOR

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49
Q

SUPERFICIAL MYCOSES | MALASSEZIA INFECTIONS

  • Discrete, serpentine, hyper- or hypopigmented maculae that develop on the skin
  • Observe in chest, upper back, arms, and abdomen
A

PITYRIASIS VERSICOLOR

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49
Q

FUNGI

superficial mycoses affects the ____ of the skin

A

STRATUM CORNEUM

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49
Q

SUPERFICIAL MYCOSES | MALASSEZIA INFECTIONS | PITYRIASIS VERSICOLOR

darker pigmentation

A

HYPERPIGMENTED

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49
Q

SUPERFICIAL MYCOSES | TINEA NIGRA

prevalent in ____

A

warm, coastal regions

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49
Q

SUPERFICIAL MYCOSES | MALASSEZIA INFECTIONS | PITYRIASIS VERSICOLOR

lighter pigmentation

A

HYPOPIGMENTED

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49
Q

SUPERFICIAL MYCOSES | TINEA NIGRA

Causative agent

A

Hortaea (Exophiala) Werneckii

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49
Q

SUPERFICIAL MYCOSES

can be observed in the hair of the axila/armpit, genitalia, beard, scalp

A

PIEDRA

Black & White

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49
Q

SUPERFICIAL MYCOSES | MALASSEZIA INFECTIONS

Treatment

A

topical or oral azoles

49
Q

SUPERFICIAL MYCOSES | MALASSEZIA INFECTIONS

diagnostic feature

A

spaghetti & meatball appearance

49
Q

SUPERFICIAL MYCOSES | MALASSEZIA INFECTIONS

a Malassezia specie that may cause seborrheic dermatitis (dandruff)

A

MALASSEZIA RESTRICTA

49
Q

SUPERFICIAL MYCOSES | TINEA NIGRA

  • Asymptomatic
  • Dark (brown to black) discoloration, often on the palm
  • Dematiaceous fungi (melanized cell wall)
A

TINEA NIGRA
(Tinea nigra Palmaris)

50
Q

SUPERFICIAL MYCOSES

  • Causative agents – Hortaea (Exophiala) werneckii
  • Disease – Tinea nigra (Tinea nigra Palmaris)
  • Prevalent in warm, coastal regions
  • Usually seen in young women
  • chronic (develops slowly)
A

TINEA NIGRA

50
Q

SUPERFICIAL MYCOSES | TINEA NIGRA

Disease

A

Tinea nigra
(Tinea nigra Palmaris)

50
Q

SUPERFICIAL MYCOSES | TINEA NIGRA

treatment

A

Salicylic acid
Azole antifungal

50
Q

SUPERFICIAL MYCOSES | TINEA NIGRA

usually seen in ____

A

young women

51
Q

SUPERFICIAL MYCOSES | PIEDRA

  • Caused by Piedraia hortae
  • Black nodules on hair shaft
A

BLACK PIEDRA
Tinea nodosa

52
Q

SUPERFICIAL MYCOSES | PIEDRA

  • Caused by Trichosporum species
  • Yellowish nodules on hair shaft
A

WHITE PIEDRA

53
Q

SUPERFICIAL MYCOSES | PIEDRA

Black piedra is caused by ____

A

Piedraia hortae

54
Q

SUPERFICIAL MYCOSES | PIEDRA

Black piedra is also called as

A

Tinea nodosa

55
Q

SUPERFICIAL MYCOSES | PIEDRA

White piedra is caused by ____

A

Trichosporum species

56
Q

SUPERFICIAL MYCOSES | PIEDRA

treatment

A

topical anti-fungal agents

57
Q
  • Affects the superficial keratinized structures (skin, hair, and nails)
  • will begin in the skin after a trauma
A

CUTANEOUS MYCOSES
Dermatophytes

58
Q

CUTANEOUS MYCOSES | DERMATOPHYTES | CAUSATIVE AGENTS

skin, hair, and nails

A

TRICHOPHYTON

59
Q

CUTANEOUS MYCOSES | DERMATOPHYTES | CAUSATIVE AGENTS

skin and nails

A

EPIDERMOPHYTON

60
Q

CUTANEOUS MYCOSES | DERMATOPHYTES | CAUSATIVE AGENTS

skin and hair

A

MICROSPORUM

61
Q

CUTANEOUS MYCOSES | DERMATOPHYTES

Dermatophyte infections are called ____

A

Dermatophytoses

62
Q

CUTANEOUS MYCOSES | DERMATOPHYTES

  • Dermatophyte infections were formerly described as ____
  • they are characterized by circular lesions
A

ringworm or tinea infections

63
Q

CUTANEOUS MYCOSES | DERMATOPHYTES

acquired by ____ to contaminated soil, infected humans or animals

A

direct contact

64
Q

CUTANEOUS MYCOSES | DERMATOPHYTES

treatment

A

removal of infected structure
topical antifungal drug

65
Q

CUTANEOUS MYCOSES | DERMATOPHYTES | TREATMENT

Tinea capitis

A

griseofulvin
terbinafine

66
Q

CUTANEOUS MYCOSES | DERMATOPHYTES | TREATMENT

Tinea corpis, Tinea pedis, and related infections

A

itraconazole
terbinafine

67
Q

CUTANEOUS MYCOSES | DERMATOPHYTES | TREATMENT

Tinea unguium

A

itraconazole
terbinafine
surgical removal of the nail

68
Q

CUTANEOUS MYCOSES | DERMATOPHYTES | TREATMENT

most difficult to treat because it requires months of treatment

A

Tinea unguium

69
Q

FUNGI

  • causative agents are found in soil or vegetation
  • POE: subcutaneous tissue by a trauma
  • infection is confined in the subcutaneous tissue and rarely becomes systemic
A

SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES

70
Q

SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES

  • Rose gardener’s disease
  • Causative agent – Sporothrix schenkii (dimorphic)
  • acquired through outdoor activities
A

SPOROTRICHOSIS

71
Q

SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES | SPOROTRICHOSIS

disease

A

Rose gardener’s disease

72
Q

SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES | SPOROTRICHOSIS

causative agent

A

Sporothrix schenkii

73
Q

SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES

  • Initial lesion is usually located on the extremities
  • Develops as a granulomatous nodule that may progress to form a necrotic or ulcerative lesion.
  • Primary pulmonary sporotrichosis – rare systemic illness
A

SPOROTRICHOSIS
Rose gardener’s disease

74
Q

SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES | SPOROTRICHOSIS | CLINICAL FINDINGS

Initial lesion is usually located on the

A

extremities

75
Q

SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES | SPOROTRICHOSIS | CLINICAL FINDINGS

Develops as ____ that may progress to form a necrotic or ulcerative lesion

A

granulomatous nodule

76
Q

SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES | SPOROTRICHOSIS | CLINICAL FINDINGS

rare systemic illness

A

PRIMARY PULMONARY SPOROTRICHOSIS

77
Q

SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES | SPOROTRICHOSIS | TREATMENT

Drug of choice

A

itraconazole

78
Q

SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES | SPOROTRICHOSIS | TREATMENT

for systemic illness

A

Amphotericin B

79
Q

SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES | SPOROTRICHOSIS | TREATMENT

in general, infection is ____

A

self-limiting

80
Q

SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES

  • Causative agents – P. verrucosa, F. pedrosoi, Fonsecaea compacta, Rhinocladiella aquapersa, and Cladophialophora carrionii (dematiaceous fungi)
  • The fungi are introduced into the skin by trauma, often of the exposed legs or feet.
  • common in farmers (because of exposed feet & legs sa soil)
A

CHROMOBLASTOMYCOSIS
(Chromomycosis)

81
Q

SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES | CHROMOBLASTOMYCOSIS

Chromoblastomycosis is also called as

A

Chromomycosis

82
Q

SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES | CHROMOBLASTOMYCOSIS

The fungi are introduced into the skin by trauma, often of the exposed ____

A

legs or feet

83
Q

SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES | CHROMOBLASTOMYCOSIS | CLINICAL FINDINGS

____ becomes verrucous and wart-like with extension along the draining lymphatics

A

PRIMARY LESION

84
Q

SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES | CHROMOBLASTOMYCOSIS | CLINICAL FINDINGS

____ with crusting abscesses eventually cover the area

A

CAULIFLOWER-LIKE NODULES

85
Q

SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES | CHROMOBLASTOMYCOSIS | CLINICAL FINDINGS

____ of hemopurulent material are present on the warty surface

A

SMALL ULCERATIONS OR “BLACK DOTS”

86
Q

SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES | CHROMOBLASTOMYCOSIS | CLINICAL FINDINGS

TRUE OR FALSE:
relapse may be common

A

TRUE

87
Q

SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES | CHROMOBLASTOMYCOSIS

TREATMENT

A

Flucytosine
Itraconazole

88
Q

SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES

Causative agents – Exophiala jeanselmei, Phialophora richardsiae, Bipolaris spicifera, and Wangiella dermatitidis

A

PHAEOHYPHOMYCOSIS

89
Q

SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES | PHAEOHYPHOMYCOSIS | CLINICAL FINDINGS

____ in the SC tissue may travel to the brain resulting to sinusitis to brain abscesses (fatal)

A

ENCAPSULATED CYSTS

90
Q

SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES | PHAEOHYPHOMYCOSIS | TREATMENT

Drug of choice

A

itraconazole
flucytosine

91
Q

SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES | PHAEOHYPHOMYCOSIS | TREATMENT

Brain abscesses

A

Amphotericin B
surgical removal

92
Q

SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES | PHAEOHYPHOMYCOSIS

leading cause of cerebal phaeohyphomycosis

A

CLADOPHIALOPHORA BANTIANA

93
Q

SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES

  • Causative agents – P. boydii, M. mycetomatis, Madurella grisea, E. jeanselmei, and Acremonium falciforme.
  • Disease - Madura foot, Eumycetoma, Actinomycetoma
A

MYCETOMA

94
Q

SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES | MYCETOMA | CLINICAL FINDINGS

It affects SC tissues of the feet (madura foot), lower extremities, hands, and exposed areas

A

MADURA FOOT

95
Q

SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES | MYCETOMA | CLINICAL FINDINGS

a mycetoma caused by a fungus

A

EUMYCETOMA
(maduromycosis)

96
Q

SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES | MYCETOMA | CLINICAL FINDINGS

  • a mycetoma caused by an actinomycete bacteria
  • more invasive – from SC tissue, it can reach underlying muscle
A

ACTINOMYCETOMA

97
Q

SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES | MYCETOMA | CLINICAL FINDINGS

can be a ____ or ____ mycetoma

A

bacterial or fungal

98
Q

SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES | MYCETOMA | CLINICAL FINDINGS

prevalence of bacterial and fungal mycetoma

A

50:50

99
Q

SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES | MYCETOMA | TREATMENT

P. boydii

A

topical nystatin
miconazole

100
Q

SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES | MYCETOMA | TREATMENT

Madurella infections

A

itraconazole
ketoconazole
amphotericin B

101
Q

SUBCUTANEOUS MYCOSES | MYCETOMA | TREATMENT

E. jeanselmei

A

flucytosine

102
Q
  • all organisms are thermally dimorphic
  • POE: lungs
  • asymptomatic, mild, resolves w/o treatment
  • in small number, from pulmonary disease will disseminate to other organs
A

ENDEMIC MYCOSES

103
Q

ENDEMIC MYCOSES

  • Causative agents – Coccidiodes posadasii or C. immitis
  • Transmission - inhaled in the form of arthrospores (lightweight, readily inhaled) and in the lungs, it will be converted into spherule (a sac containing the spores)
A

COCCIDIODOMYCOSIS

104
Q

ENDEMIC MYCOSES | COCCIDIODOMYCOSIS

inhaled in the form of ____

A

ARTHROSPORES

105
Q

ENDEMIC MYCOSES | COCCIDIODOMYCOSIS

Arthrospores will be converted into ____ in the lungs

A

SPHERULE

106
Q

ENDEMIC MYCOSES | COCCIDIODOMYCOSIS | CLINICAL FINDINGS

IN %:
asymptomatic

A

60%

107
Q

ENDEMIC MYCOSES | COCCIDIODOMYCOSIS | CLINICAL FINDINGS

in %:
Flu-like syndrome
Valley fever, San Joaquin Valley fever, or desert rheumatism

A

40%

108
Q

ENDEMIC MYCOSES | COCCIDIODOMYCOSIS | CLINICAL FINDINGS

in %:
rash, erythema nodosum, or eryhtema multiforme

A

15%

109
Q

ENDEMIC MYCOSES | COCCIDIODOMYCOSIS | CLINICAL FINDINGS

in %:
secondary or disseminated coccidiodomycosis

A

<1%

110
Q
A
110
Q

ENDEMIC MYCOSES | COCCIDIODOMYCOSIS | CLINICAL FINDINGS

disseminated coccidiodomycosis may develop ____ to prevent growth of microorganisms

A

DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY

111
Q

ENDEMIC MYCOSES

  • Spelunker’s disease
  • Causative agent – Histoplasma capsulatum
  • Two types of asexual spores: microconidia (can be inhaled and transmit infection) and macroconidia (laboratory identification)
  • In tissues, H. capsulatum occurs as an oval budding yeast inside macrophages.
A

HISTOPLASMOSIS

112
Q

ENDEMIC MYCOSES | HISTOPLASMOSIS

is also called

A

Spelunker’s disease

113
Q

ENDEMIC MYCOSES | HISTOPLASMOSIS

causative agent

A

Histoplasma capsulatoum

114
Q

ENDEMIC MYCOSES | HISTOPLASMOSIS

does Histoplasma capsulatum have capsule?

A

it does not have capsule

115
Q

ENDEMIC MYCOSES | HISTOPLASMOSIS | TYPES OF ASEXUAL SPORES

  • smaller, thinner wall
  • can be inhaled and transmit infection
  • once inhaled, they are engulfed by alveolar macrophages where they develop into yeast
  • the yeast then survive in the phagolysosome because of the production of alkali compounds (HCO3, NH3)
A

MICROCONIDIA

116
Q

ENDEMIC MYCOSES | HISTOPLASMOSIS | TYPES OF ASEXUAL SPORES

MICROCONIDIA:
once inhaled, they are engulfed by ____

A

ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES

117
Q

ENDEMIC MYCOSES | HISTOPLASMOSIS | TYPES OF ASEXUAL SPORES

MICROCONIDIA:
they will develop into ____ in the alveolar macrophages

A

YEAST

118
Q

ENDEMIC MYCOSES | HISTOPLASMOSIS | TYPES OF ASEXUAL SPORES

MICROCONIDIA:
the yeast survive in the ____ because of the production of alkali compounds (HCO3, NH3)

A

PHAGOLYSOSOME

it is usually acidic

119
Q
A
120
Q

ENDEMIC MYCOSES | HISTOPLASMOSIS | TYPES OF ASEXUAL SPORES

  • thicker walls
  • finger-like projection
  • used for laboratory identification
A

MACROCONIDIA

121
Q

ENDEMIC MYCOSES | HISTOPLASMOSIS | CLINICAL FINDINGS

  • self-limiting characterized by flu-like symptoms
  • lesions on lungs
A

ACUTE PULMONARY HISTOPLASMOSIS

122
Q

ENDEMIC MYCOSES | HISTOPLASMOSIS | CLINICAL FINDINGS

  • reactivated form
  • usually seen in men, precipitated by an existing pulmonary damage such as emphysema (acquired from smoking)
A

CHRONIC PULMONARY HISTOPLASMOSIS

123
Q

ENDEMIC MYCOSES | HISTOPLASMOSIS | CLINICAL FINDINGS

  • minorities, such as infants, elderly, and immunocompromised
  • disseminates in reticuloendothelial system, causing swelling of lymph nodes or lymphadenopathy, enlargement of liver and spleen
  • mortality is high
  • mucocutaneous ulcer of nose, mouth, tongue, and intestine
A

SEVERE DISSEMINATED HISTOPLASMOSIS

124
Q

ENDEMIC MYCOSES | HISTOPLASMOSIS | TREATMENT

disseminated disease

A

amphotericin B

125
Q

ENDEMIC MYCOSES | HISTOPLASMOSIS | TREATMENT

mild to moderate infection

A

itraconazole

125
Q

ENDEMIC MYCOSES | HISTOPLASMOSIS | EPIDEMIOLOGY

Exposure occurs when H. capsulatum is ____ in its natural habitat, that is, soil mixed with bird feces (e.g., starling roosts and chicken houses) or bat guano (caves)

A

DISTURBED

126
Q

ENDEMIC MYCOSES

  • North american
  • endemic in US & Canada
A

BLASTOMYCOSIS

127
Q

ENDEMIC MYCOSES | BLASTOMYCOSIS

is also called

A

NORTH AMERICAN BLASTOMYCOSIS

128
Q

ENDEMIC MYCOSES | BLASTOMYCOSIS

causative agent

A

BLASTOMYCES DERMATITIDIS

129
Q

ENDEMIC MYCOSES | BLASTOMYCOSIS

The bud and the parent yeast are attached with a ____

A

BROAD BASE

130
Q

ENDEMIC MYCOSES | BLASTOMYCOSIS | CLINICAL FINDINGS

Most common clinical presentation is

A

PULMONARY INFILTRATE

131
Q

ENDEMIC MYCOSES | BLASTOMYCOSIS | CLINICAL FINDINGS

____ may occur in the skin, bones, genitalia & CNS

A

DISSEMINATION

132
Q

ENDEMIC MYCOSES | BLASTOMYCOSIS | TREATMENT

for severe

A

amphotericin B

133
Q

ENDEMIC MYCOSES | BLASTOMYCOSIS | TREATMENT

drug of choice

A

itraconazole

134
Q

ENDEMIC MYCOSES

also called as SOUTH AMERICAN BLASTOMYCOSIS

A

PARACCOCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS

135
Q

ENDEMIC MYCOSES | PARACCOCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS

causative agent

A

Paraccocidioides brasiliensis

136
Q

ENDEMIC MYCOSES | PARACCOCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS | CLINICAL FINDINGS

  • Less than 10% of 30 years of age may develop ____ with a shorter incubation time
  • may enter a period of dormancy for almost 10 years and becomes active again later on
A

ACUTE OR SUBACUTE PROGRESSIVE INFECTION

137
Q

ENDEMIC MYCOSES | PARACCOCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS | CLINICAL FINDINGS

TRUE OR FALSE:
may progress into chronic, progressive pulmonary disease or dissemination

A

TRUE

138
Q

ENDEMIC MYCOSES | PARACCOCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS | TREATMENT

drug of choice

A

itraconazole

139
Q

ENDEMIC MYCOSES | PARACCOCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS | TREATMENT

for severe

A

amphotericin B

140
Q

ENDEMIC MYCOSES | PARACCOCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS

the structure resembles ____ because the parent cell is surrounded by multiple buds

A

SHIP CAPTAIN’S WHEEL

141
Q

CUTANEOUS MYCOSES | DERMATOPHYTE INFECTIONS

  • Nonhairy, smooth skin
  • Circular pacthes with advancing red, vesiculated border, and central scaling
  • Pruritic
A

TINEA CORPORIS
(ringworm)

142
Q

CUTANEOUS MYCOSES | DERMATOPHYTE INFECTIONS

  • Interdigital spaces on feet of persons wearing shoes
  • Acute - Itching, red vesicular
  • Chronic - itching, scaling, fissures
A

TINEA PEDIS
(athlete’s foot)

143
Q

CUTANEOUS MYCOSES | DERMATOPHYTE INFECTIONS

  • Groin
  • Erythematous scaling lesion in intertriginous area
  • Pruritic
A

TINEA CRURIS
(jock itch)

144
Q

CUTANEOUS MYCOSES | DERMATOPHYTE INFECTIONS

  • Beard hair
  • Edematous, erythematous lesion
A

TINEA BARBAE

145
Q

CUTANEOUS MYCOSES | DERMATOPHYTE INFECTIONS

  • Nail
  • Nails thickened or crumbling distally; discolored; lusterless
  • Usually associated with tinea pedis
A

TINEA UNGUIUM
(onychomycosis)

146
Q

CUTANEOUS MYCOSES | DERMATOPHYTE INFECTIONS

  • Usually sides & flexor aspects of fingers; Palm; any site of the body
  • Pruritic vescular to bullous lesions
  • Allergic reactions from dermatophytes
  • Most commonly associated with tinea pedis
A

DERMATOPHYTID

147
Q

CUTANEOUS MYCOSES | DERMATOPHYTE INFECTIONS

infection of the hands/fingers

A

TINEA MANUS

MICROPARA (37 decks)

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