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MICROPARA > NEGATIVE SENSE RNA | ENVELOPED > Flashcards

NEGATIVE SENSE RNA | ENVELOPED Flashcards

1
Q

NEGATIVE-SENSE RNA VIRUSES (ENVELOPED)

A

Paramyxovirus
Rhabdovirus
Filovirus
Orthomyxovirus
Bunyavrius
Arenavirus

Pairing Rats Fight Over Body Arena

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2
Q

NEGATIVE SENSE RNA | ENVELOPED

  • Pleomorphic particles, appearing as long (filo) filamentous threads or as Odd shaped form
  • longest viruses
  • Single-stranded, non-segmented, negative sense RNA, contains 7 genes
  • highly virulent (Biosafety level 4)
  • Two known filoviruses: Ebola virus and Marburg virus
  • Natural host – African fruit bats
A

FILOVIRUS

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3
Q

FILOVIRUS

filo means

A

long

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4
Q

FILOVIRUS

biosafety level
* can cause serious or lethal human disease

A

4

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5
Q

FILOVIRUS

contains ____ genes

A

7

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6
Q

FILOVIRUS

2 known filoviruses

A

ebola
marburg

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7
Q

FILOVIRUS

natural host

A

african fruit bats

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8
Q

c

Marburg and Ebola virus can cause

A

African Hemorrhagic Fever

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9
Q

FILOVIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS | MARBURG

incubation period

A

3 - 9 days

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10
Q

FILOVIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS | EBOLA

incubation period

A

2 - 21 days

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11
Q

FILOVIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS | EBOLA

4 subtypes

A

Zaire
Sudan
Reston
Ivory
Coast

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12
Q

FILOVIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS | EBOLA

causes the most severe human infection

A

Zaire

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13
Q

FILOVIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS | EBOLA

  • can be found in the philippines
  • only pathogenic to monkeys
A

reston

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14
Q

FILOVIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS | AFRICAN HEMORHAGIC FEVER

transmission

A

direct contact w blood, body fluids, recently deceased victims

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15
Q

FILOVIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS

fever, headache, sore throat, muscle pain followed by abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, rash with both internal and external bleeding, often leading to shock and death

A

african hemorrhagic fever

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16
Q

FILOVIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS | AFRICAN HEMORHAGIC FEVER

bleeding usually occurs in the

A

skin and GI tract

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17
Q

FILOVIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS | AFRICAN HEMORHAGIC FEVER

TREATMENT

A

NO AVAILABLE ANTIVIRAL TREATMENT
* maintain renal function, electrolyte balance
* combat hemorrhage and shock

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18
Q

FILOVIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS | AFRICAN HEMORHAGIC FEVER

caused by

A

Ebola & Marburg

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19
Q

FILOVIRUS | PATHOGENESIS

viruses are engulfed by

A

immune cells (dendritic & macrophage)

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20
Q

FILOVIRUS | PATHOGENESIS

ebola use ____ to replicate

A

dendritic cells

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21
Q

FILOVIRUS | PATHOGENESIS

as virus infects macrophages, it causes an ____ (overraction of the immune system)

A

outburst

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22
Q

FILOVIRUS | PATHOGENESIS

outburst causes the release of ____

A

inflammatory cytokines

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23
Q

FILOVIRUS | PATHOGENESIS

the release of cytokines destroys the ____

A

endothelial cells/blood vessels
also the normal/uninfected cells

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24
Q

FILOVIRUS | PATHOGENESIS

destruction of endothelial cells/blood vessels (also normal/uninfected cells) causes bleeding resulting to ____ due to severe loss of blood that can lead to death

A

hypovolemic shock

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25
Q
  • Influenza virus (cause epidemic and pandemic)
  • Three types Influenza A, B, C (human and swine; mild)
  • The envelope has** two different types of spikes**
    o Hemagglutinin (HA)
    o Neuraminidase (NA)
A

orthomyxovirus

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26
Q

ORTHOMYXOVIRUS

why is it called myxo

A

it has affinity to mucin

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27
Q

ORTHOMYXOVIRUS

a glycoprotein to which ORTHOMYXOVIRUS has affinity to

A

mucin

28
Q

ORTHOMYXOVIRUS

mucin can be found at the ____

A

surface of the cell

29
Q

ORTHOMYXOVIRUS

genetic material (RNA) is ____

A

segmented

30
Q

ORTHOMYXOVIRUS

how many segments of the genetic material

A

8 segments

31
Q

ORTHOMYXOVIRUS

disease

A

influenza

32
Q

ORTHOMYXOVIRUS

influenza virus is also known as

A

flu virus

33
Q

ORTHOMYXOVIRUS

3 types of influenza

A

A B C

34
Q

ORTHOMYXOVIRUS

influenza C has how many segments

A

7

35
Q

ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | TYPES OF SPIKES (ENVELOPE)

  • acts at the start;
  • binds to neuraminic acid (sialic acid) – they facilitate the entry of the virus into the cell
A

hemagglutinin

36
Q

ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | TYPES OF SPIKES (ENVELOPE)

  • needed for the release;
  • cleaves the neuraminic acid
A

neuraminidase

37
Q

ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | TYPES OF INFLUENZA

  • affects both humans & animals
  • causes epidemic/pandemic
A

A

38
Q

ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | TYPES OF INFLUENZA

  • affects humans
  • minor outbreaks
A

B

39
Q

ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | TYPES OF INFLUENZA

  • wildest
  • affects humans & swine
A

C

40
Q

ORTHOMYXOVIRUS

influenza virus are prone to ____ of hemagglutinin and nureaminidase

A

mutation

41
Q

ORTHOMYXOVIRUS

  • minor antigenic changes in HA or NA
  • type A & B
  • can lead to outbreaks & epidemic
  • A/Panama (H3N2) → A/Fujian (H3N2) in 2003 to 2004
A

antigenic drift

42
Q

ORTHOMYXOVIRUS

  • major antigenic changes in HA or NA, leads to pandemic
  • there is genetic reassortment
  • type A only
  • H2N2 → H3N2 in 1968
  • 2009 H1N1 flu pandemic
A

antigenic shift

43
Q

ORTHOMYXOVIRUS

exchange of genes in human & swimne & avian influenza virus

A

genetic reassortment

44
Q

ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | PATHOGENESIS

incubation period

A

2 - 4 days

45
Q

ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | PATHOGENESIS

Cause ____ of the superficial mucosa of the respiratory tract

A

cellular destruction

46
Q

ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | PATHOGENESIS

Cause cellular destruction of the ____ of the respiratory tract

A

superficial mucosa

47
Q

ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | PATHOGENESIS

Cause cellular destruction of the superficial mucosa of the ____

A

respiratory tract (URT & LRT)

48
Q

ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS

  • chills, headaches, and dry cough followed closely by high fever, generalized muscular aches, malaises, and anorexia;
  • influenza A may cause croup in children
  • rarely in type C
A

uncomplicated influenza (trangkaso)

49
Q

ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS

UNCOMPLICATED INFLUENZA:
influenza A may cause ____ in children

A

croup

50
Q

ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS

  • serious complications usually occur only in elderly adults and debilitated individuals, pregnancy
  • usually combination with bacterial
  • can be viral, secondary bacterial or combination of the two
A

pneumonia

51
Q

ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS

Bacterias that are usually combined with orthomyxovrius that causes pneumonia

A

S. areus
S. pneumoniae
H. influenzae

52
Q

ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS

  • acute encephalopathy of children and adolescents, between** 2 and 16 years of age**;
  • a rare complication of influenza B, A, and herpes virus varicella-zoster infections;
  • the use of aspirin enhances the development of the syndrome
A

Reye syndrome

53
Q

ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS

REYE SYNDROME:
____ of children and adolescents

A

acute encephalopathy

54
Q

ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS

REYE SYNDROME:
acute encephalopathy of children and adolescents between ____ and ____ of age

A

2 and 16

55
Q

ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS

REYE SYDNROME:
rare complication of influenza ____ and ____

A

influenza B, A
herpes varicella-zoster

56
Q

ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS

the use of ____ enhances the development of the syndrome

A

aspirin

acetyl salicylic acid

57
Q

ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | TREATMENT

  • M2 ion channel inhibitors, treatment, and prophylaxis of influenza A
  • mechanism: blocks uncoating
  • has developed resistance so it is no longer used
  • commonly use as drug for Parkinson’s disease nowadays
A

amantadine (symmetrel)

58
Q

ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | TREATMENT

  • commonly used now
  • neuraminidase inhibitors;
  • useful against influenza A and B
A

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu),
Zanamivir (Relenza), and
Peramivir (Rapivab)

59
Q

ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | TREATMENT

orally

A

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)

60
Q

ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | TREATMENT

inahalation

A

Zanamivir (Relenza)

61
Q

ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | PREVENTION

  • Flu vaccine
  • Intramuscular
  • made form chick embryo
  • has 2 class: trivalent, quadrivalent
A

inactivated influenza vaccine

62
Q

ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | TREATMENT

INACTIVATED INFLUENZA VACCINE:
contains 2 strains (type A & B)

A

trivalent

63
Q

ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | TREATMENT

INACTIVATED INFLUENZA VACCINE:
has 4 strains (2 A, 2 B)

A

quadrivalent

64
Q

ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | TREATMENT

nasal mist

A

Live attenuated influenza vaccine

65
Q

ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | TREATMENT

protection can only last for ____ hence the shot is needed annually

A

6 months

MICROPARA (37 decks)

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