NEGATIVE SENSE RNA | ENVELOPED Flashcards by CHESKA CIANNELLE FRANCISCO

NEGATIVE-SENSE RNA VIRUSES (ENVELOPED)

Paramyxovirus
Rhabdovirus
Filovirus
Orthomyxovirus
Bunyavrius
Arenavirus

Pairing Rats Fight Over Body Arena

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NEGATIVE SENSE RNA | ENVELOPED

Pleomorphic particles, appearing as long (filo) filamentous threads or as Odd shaped form
longest viruses
Single-stranded, non-segmented, negative sense RNA, contains 7 genes
highly virulent (Biosafety level 4)
Two known filoviruses: Ebola virus and Marburg virus
Natural host – African fruit bats

FILOVIRUS

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FILOVIRUS

filo means

long

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FILOVIRUS

biosafety level
* can cause serious or lethal human disease

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FILOVIRUS

contains ____ genes

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FILOVIRUS

2 known filoviruses

ebola
marburg

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FILOVIRUS

natural host

african fruit bats

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Marburg and Ebola virus can cause

African Hemorrhagic Fever

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FILOVIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS | MARBURG

incubation period

3 - 9 days

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FILOVIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS | EBOLA

incubation period

2 - 21 days

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FILOVIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS | EBOLA

4 subtypes

Zaire
Sudan
Reston
Ivory
Coast

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FILOVIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS | EBOLA

causes the most severe human infection

Zaire

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FILOVIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS | EBOLA

can be found in the philippines
only pathogenic to monkeys

reston

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FILOVIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS | AFRICAN HEMORHAGIC FEVER

transmission

direct contact w blood, body fluids, recently deceased victims

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FILOVIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS

fever, headache, sore throat, muscle pain followed by abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, rash with both internal and external bleeding, often leading to shock and death

african hemorrhagic fever

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FILOVIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS | AFRICAN HEMORHAGIC FEVER

bleeding usually occurs in the

skin and GI tract

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FILOVIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS | AFRICAN HEMORHAGIC FEVER

TREATMENT

NO AVAILABLE ANTIVIRAL TREATMENT
* maintain renal function, electrolyte balance
* combat hemorrhage and shock

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FILOVIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS | AFRICAN HEMORHAGIC FEVER

caused by

Ebola & Marburg

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FILOVIRUS | PATHOGENESIS

viruses are engulfed by

immune cells (dendritic & macrophage)

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FILOVIRUS | PATHOGENESIS

ebola use ____ to replicate

dendritic cells

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FILOVIRUS | PATHOGENESIS

as virus infects macrophages, it causes an ____ (overraction of the immune system)

outburst

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FILOVIRUS | PATHOGENESIS

outburst causes the release of ____

inflammatory cytokines

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FILOVIRUS | PATHOGENESIS

the release of cytokines destroys the ____

endothelial cells/blood vessels
also the normal/uninfected cells

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FILOVIRUS | PATHOGENESIS

destruction of endothelial cells/blood vessels (also normal/uninfected cells) causes bleeding resulting to ____ due to severe loss of blood that can lead to death

hypovolemic shock

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* **Influenza virus** (cause epidemic and pandemic) * **Three types** Influenza A, B, C (human and swine; mild) * The envelope has** two different types of spikes** o Hemagglutinin (HA) o Neuraminidase (NA)

orthomyxovirus

# **ORTHOMYXOVIRUS** why is it called **myxo**

it has **affinity** to **mucin**

# **ORTHOMYXOVIRUS** a **glycoprotein** to which **ORTHOMYXOVIRUS** has **affinity** to

mucin

# **ORTHOMYXOVIRUS** **mucin** can be **found** at the ____

surface of the cell

# **ORTHOMYXOVIRUS** **genetic material** (RNA) is ____

segmented

# **ORTHOMYXOVIRUS** **how many segments** of the genetic material

8 segments

# **ORTHOMYXOVIRUS** disease

influenza

# **ORTHOMYXOVIRUS** **influenza** virus is also known as

flu virus

# **ORTHOMYXOVIRUS** 3 types of influenza

A B C

# **ORTHOMYXOVIRUS** influenza **C** has how many **segments**

# **ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | TYPES OF SPIKES (ENVELOPE)** * acts at the **start**; * binds to **neuraminic acid** (**sialic acid**) -- they **facilitate** the **entry** of the virus into the cell

hemagglutinin

# **ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | TYPES OF SPIKES (ENVELOPE)** * needed for the **release**; * **cleaves** the **neuraminic acid**

neuraminidase

# **ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | TYPES OF INFLUENZA** * affects **both** humans & animals * causes **epidemic**/**pandemic**

# **ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | TYPES OF INFLUENZA** * affects **humans** * **minor** outbreaks

# **ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | TYPES OF INFLUENZA** * **wildest** * affects **humans** & **swine**

# **ORTHOMYXOVIRUS** influenza virus are **prone** to ____ of **hemagglutinin** and **nureaminidase**

mutation

# **ORTHOMYXOVIRUS** * **minor** antigenic changes in HA or NA * type **A** & **B** * can lead to **outbreaks** & **epidemic** * A/Panama (H3N2) → A/Fujian (H3N2) in 2003 to 2004

antigenic drift

# **ORTHOMYXOVIRUS** * **major** antigenic changes in HA or NA, leads to pandemic * there is **genetic reassortment** * type **A** only * H2N2 → H3N2 in 1968 * 2009 H1N1 flu pandemic

antigenic shift

# **ORTHOMYXOVIRUS** **exchange of genes** in human & swimne & avian influenza virus

genetic reassortment

# **ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | PATHOGENESIS** incubation period

2 - 4 days

# **ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | PATHOGENESIS** Cause ____ of the **superficial mucosa** of the **respiratory tract**

cellular destruction

# **ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | PATHOGENESIS** Cause **cellular destruction** of the ____ of the **respiratory tract**

superficial mucosa

# **ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | PATHOGENESIS** Cause **cellular destruction** of the **superficial mucosa** of the ____

respiratory tract (URT & LRT)

# **ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS** * chills, headaches, and dry cough followed closely by high fever, generalized muscular aches, malaises, and anorexia; * influenza **A** may cause **croup** in **children** * **rarely** in type **C**

uncomplicated influenza (trangkaso)

# **ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS** UNCOMPLICATED INFLUENZA: influenza **A** may cause ____ in **children**

croup

# **ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS** * **serious** complications usually occur only in **elderly** adults and **debilitated** individuals, **pregnancy** * usually **combination** with **bacterial** * can be **viral**, **secondary** bacterial or **combination** of the two

pneumonia

# **ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS** **Bacterias** that are usually **combined** with orthomyxovrius that causes **pneumonia**

S. areus S. pneumoniae H. influenzae

# **ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS** * **acute encephalopathy** of **children** and **adolescents**, between** 2 and 16 years of age**; * a **rare complication** of influenza **B**, **A**, and **herpes virus varicella-zoster** infections; * the use of **aspirin** **enhances** the **development** of the syndrome

Reye syndrome

# **ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS** REYE SYNDROME: ____ of **children** and **adolescents**

acute encephalopathy

# **ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS** REYE SYNDROME: **acute encephalopath**y of **children** and **adolescents** between ____ and ____ of **age**

2 and 16

# **ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS** REYE SYDNROME: **rare complication** of influenza ____ and ____

influenza B, A herpes varicella-zoster

# **ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS** the use of ____ **enhances** the **development** of the syndrome

aspirin | acetyl salicylic acid

# **ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | TREATMENT** * **M2 ion channel inhibitors**, treatment, and prophylaxis of influenza A * mechanism: **blocks uncoating** * has **developed resistance** so it is **no longer used** * commonly use as drug for **Parkinson's disease** nowadays

amantadine (symmetrel)

# **ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | TREATMENT** * commonly used now * **neuraminidase inhibitors**; * useful against influenza **A** and **B**

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu), Zanamivir (Relenza), and Peramivir (Rapivab)

# **ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | TREATMENT** orally

Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)

# **ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | TREATMENT** inahalation

Zanamivir (Relenza)

# **ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | PREVENTION** * **Flu vaccine** * **Intramuscular** * made form **chick embryo** * has 2 class: **trivalent**, **quadrivalent**

inactivated influenza vaccine

# **ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | TREATMENT** INACTIVATED INFLUENZA VACCINE: contains **2** strains (type A & B)

trivalent

# **ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | TREATMENT** INACTIVATED INFLUENZA VACCINE: has **4** strains (**2 A**, **2 B**)

quadrivalent

# **ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | TREATMENT** nasal mist

Live attenuated influenza vaccine

# **ORTHOMYXOVIRUS | TREATMENT** protection can only last for ____ hence the **shot is needed annually**

6 months

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NEGATIVE SENSE RNA | ENVELOPED Flashcards

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