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M1L3 Flashcards

1
Q
  • extracellular polymer COVERING THE ENTIRE BACTERIUM
  • BACTERIAL VIRULENCE (capsule) -> resist phagocytosis
  • specific identification
  • used as ANTIGENS in certain vaccines (pneumonia)
  • a very important component of BIOFILM
  • extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)
A

GLYCOCALYX

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2
Q

resist phagocytosis

A

BACTERIAL VIRULENCE (capsules)

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3
Q

GLYCOCALYX are used as antigens in certain vaccines, what is the vaccine?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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4
Q

THREAD-LIKE appendages composed entirely of protein. They are the organs for LOCOMOTION. They are highly ANTIGENIC

A

FLAGELLA

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5
Q

protein found in flagella

A

FLAGELLIN

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6
Q

4 TYPES OF ARRANGEMENTS OF FLAGELLA:

A

monotrichous
lophotricous
amphitricous
peritrichous

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7
Q

TYPES OF ARRANGEMENTS OF FLAGELLA:
SINGLE polar flagellum

A

MONOTRICHOUS

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8
Q

TYPES OF ARRANGEMENTS OF FLAGELLA:
MULTI polar flagella

A

LOPHOTRICOUS

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9
Q

TYPES OF ARRANGEMENTS OF FLAGELLA:
single flagellum found at EACH TWO OPPOSITE POLES

A

AMPHITRICOUS

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10
Q

TYPES OF ARRANGEMENTS OF FLAGELLA:
multiple flagella DISTRIBUTED OVER THE ENTIRE CELL

A

PERITRICHOUS

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11
Q

a polysaccharide-containing material LYING OUTSIDE the cell

A

GLYCOCALYX

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12
Q

a CONDENSED, WELL-DEFINED LAYER closely surrounding the cell that excludes particles, such as INDIANA INK, is referred to as

A

CAPSULE

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13
Q

if the glycocalyx is LOOSELY associated with the cell and DOES NOT EXLCUDE PARTICLES, it is referred to as

A

SLIME LAYER

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14
Q

ENCAPSULATED cells are protected from phagocytosis unless they are coated with

A

ANTICAPSULAR ANTIBODY

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15
Q

the GLYCOCALYX plays a role in the _____ of bacteria to surfaces in their environment

A

ADHERENCE

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16
Q

when the glycocalyx adhere to the surfaces of bacteria, what is formed?

A

BIOFILM

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17
Q
  • found in SPIROCHETES for motility; they are uniquely present
  • also known as endoflagella -> within the cell
A

AXIAL FILAMENTS

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18
Q

motility of spirochetes

A

CORK-SCREW MOTILITY

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19
Q

axial filaments are also known as

A

ENDOFLAGELLA

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20
Q

endo means

A

WITHIN

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21
Q
  • rigid surface appendages
  • shorter & thinner than flagella
  • composed of structural protein subunits -> pilins
  • they are antigenic (colonization antigens)
A

PILI (FIMBRIAE)

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22
Q

structural protein subunits of PILI

A

PILINS

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23
Q
  • found at the POLES or COVERING THE ENTIRE CELL
  • for ADHERENCE to surfaces
A

FIMBRIAE

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24
Q
  • for motility
  • bacterial DNA transfer
A

PILI

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25
pili for motility
ORDINARY PILI
26
pili for bacterial DNA transfer
SEX PILI
27
DNA transfer in bacteria
CONJUGATION
28
what does the cell needs to perform conjugation
F+
29
- OUTERMOST component - composed of peptidoglycan, outer membrane - provides RIGID SUPPORT and MAINTAIN the shape
CELL WALL
30
- thicker - teichoic acid - lipoteichoic acid
GRAM+
31
- thinner - has outer membrane which makes it MORE RESISTANT TO ANTIBIOTICS because of the extra barrier - lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
GRAM-
32
- endotoxin - important during an INFECTION - important component is LIPID A
LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE
33
released when bacterial cells DIE which causes symptoms of INFECTIONS
LIPID A
34
peptide side chains
PEPTIDO
35
carbohydrate backbone
GYLCAN
36
- only bacteria that has STEROL MEMBRANE - has NO CELL WALL only sterol membrane
MYCOPLASMA
37
- majority of its cell wall is composed of MYCOLIC ACID - classified as ACID-FAST - neither gram+ or gram -
MYCOBACTERIUM
38
complex branched hydrocarbons
MYCOLIC ACID
39
- composed of a PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER - selective permeable - electron transport & oxidative phosphorylation - excretion of HYDROLITIC exoenzymes & pathogenicity proteins - synthesis of precursors of the cell wall - bearing of receptors
PLASMA (CYTOPLASMIC) MEMBRANE
40
- INVAGINATION of plasma membrane - plays an important role in cell division - serves as the origin of the transverse septum (yung hati sa cell) - binding site of DNA
MESOSOME
41
2 distinct areas of CYTOPLASM
amorphous matrix inner nucleoid region
42
AREA OF CYTOPLASM: ribosomes, nutrient granules, metabolites, plasmids
AMORPHOUS MATRIX
43
AREA OF CYTOPLASM: DNA
INNER NUCLEOID REGION
44
- area in cytoplasm where the DNA is located - Feulgen-positive -> highlights the DNA - absence of nuclear membrane & mitotic apparatus - binary fission - circular - not considered as nucleus
NUCLEOID
45
cell division in PROKARYOTIC cells
BINARY FISSION
46
product of cell division in prokaryotes
HAPLOID
47
- EXTRAchromosomal, double-stranded circular DNA molecules - replicates independently of the bacterial chromosomes
PLASMID
48
(PLASMID) conjugation, transfer of DNA
FERTILITY PLASMID (F plasmid)
49
(PLASMID) can be passed to other cells
RESISTANCE PLASMID (R plasmid)
50
most important plasmids
F & R plasmids
51
- insulin made in the laboratory - initially harvested from pigs - uses the plasmid of bacteria to duplicate insulin
RECOMBINANT INSULIN PRODUCTION
52
hormone that controls blood sugar level
INSULIN
53
type of diabetes that CANNOT PRODUCE INSULIN - dosage form: injection
TYPE 1
54
type of diabetes that has insulin but THE BODY DOES NOT RESPOND
type 2
55
- site of protein synthesis - size is smaller in prokaryotes
RIBOSOMES
56
size of ribosomes in prokaryotes
70s, 50s - larger, 30s - smaller
57
serves as STORAGE areas for nutrients
GRANULES
58
- RESTING CELLS that are formed in response to ADVERSE CONDITIONS - very resistant - in a vegetative state, dormant - sporulation - germination
ENDOSPORES
59
- endospore FORMATION - not a method for reproduction or cell division
SPORULATION
60
- pagbalik ng endospore into its orginal state (vegetative state) & will reproduce again
GERMINATION
61
found only in outer membrane of gram-
PORIN
62
- also known as JUMPING GENES - can MOVE readily form one site to another within or from another cell - carries drug resistance enzymes, toxins, or other metabolic resistance - cause MUTATIONS in the gene
TRANSPOSONS

MICROPARA (37 decks)

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