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MICROPARA > M1L3 > Flashcards

M1L3 Flashcards

1
Q
  • extracellular polymer COVERING THE ENTIRE BACTERIUM
  • BACTERIAL VIRULENCE (capsule) -> resist phagocytosis
  • specific identification
  • used as ANTIGENS in certain vaccines (pneumonia)
  • a very important component of BIOFILM
  • extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)
A

GLYCOCALYX

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2
Q

resist phagocytosis

A

BACTERIAL VIRULENCE (capsules)

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3
Q

GLYCOCALYX are used as antigens in certain vaccines, what is the vaccine?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

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4
Q

THREAD-LIKE appendages composed entirely of protein. They are the organs for LOCOMOTION. They are highly ANTIGENIC

A

FLAGELLA

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5
Q

protein found in flagella

A

FLAGELLIN

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6
Q

4 TYPES OF ARRANGEMENTS OF FLAGELLA:

A

monotrichous
lophotricous
amphitricous
peritrichous

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7
Q

TYPES OF ARRANGEMENTS OF FLAGELLA:
SINGLE polar flagellum

A

MONOTRICHOUS

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8
Q

TYPES OF ARRANGEMENTS OF FLAGELLA:
MULTI polar flagella

A

LOPHOTRICOUS

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9
Q

TYPES OF ARRANGEMENTS OF FLAGELLA:
single flagellum found at EACH TWO OPPOSITE POLES

A

AMPHITRICOUS

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10
Q

TYPES OF ARRANGEMENTS OF FLAGELLA:
multiple flagella DISTRIBUTED OVER THE ENTIRE CELL

A

PERITRICHOUS

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11
Q

a polysaccharide-containing material LYING OUTSIDE the cell

A

GLYCOCALYX

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12
Q

a CONDENSED, WELL-DEFINED LAYER closely surrounding the cell that excludes particles, such as INDIANA INK, is referred to as

A

CAPSULE

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13
Q

if the glycocalyx is LOOSELY associated with the cell and DOES NOT EXLCUDE PARTICLES, it is referred to as

A

SLIME LAYER

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14
Q

ENCAPSULATED cells are protected from phagocytosis unless they are coated with

A

ANTICAPSULAR ANTIBODY

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15
Q

the GLYCOCALYX plays a role in the _____ of bacteria to surfaces in their environment

A

ADHERENCE

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16
Q

when the glycocalyx adhere to the surfaces of bacteria, what is formed?

A

BIOFILM

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17
Q
  • found in SPIROCHETES for motility; they are uniquely present
  • also known as endoflagella -> within the cell
A

AXIAL FILAMENTS

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18
Q

motility of spirochetes

A

CORK-SCREW MOTILITY

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19
Q

axial filaments are also known as

A

ENDOFLAGELLA

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20
Q

endo means

A

WITHIN

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21
Q
  • rigid surface appendages
  • shorter & thinner than flagella
  • composed of structural protein subunits -> pilins
  • they are antigenic (colonization antigens)
A

PILI (FIMBRIAE)

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22
Q

structural protein subunits of PILI

A

PILINS

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23
Q
  • found at the POLES or COVERING THE ENTIRE CELL
  • for ADHERENCE to surfaces
A

FIMBRIAE

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24
Q
  • for motility
  • bacterial DNA transfer
A

PILI

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25
Q

pili for motility

A

ORDINARY PILI

26
Q

pili for bacterial DNA transfer

A

SEX PILI

27
Q

DNA transfer in bacteria

A

CONJUGATION

28
Q

what does the cell needs to perform conjugation

A

F+

29
Q
  • OUTERMOST component
  • composed of peptidoglycan, outer membrane
  • provides RIGID SUPPORT and MAINTAIN the shape
A

CELL WALL

30
Q
  • thicker
  • teichoic acid
  • lipoteichoic acid
A

GRAM+

31
Q
  • thinner
  • has outer membrane which makes it MORE RESISTANT TO ANTIBIOTICS because of the extra barrier
  • lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
A

GRAM-

32
Q
  • endotoxin
  • important during an INFECTION
  • important component is LIPID A
A

LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE

33
Q

released when bacterial cells DIE which causes symptoms of INFECTIONS

A

LIPID A

34
Q

peptide side chains

A

PEPTIDO

35
Q

carbohydrate backbone

A

GYLCAN

36
Q
  • only bacteria that has STEROL MEMBRANE
  • has NO CELL WALL only sterol membrane
A

MYCOPLASMA

37
Q
  • majority of its cell wall is composed of MYCOLIC ACID
  • classified as ACID-FAST
  • neither gram+ or gram -
A

MYCOBACTERIUM

38
Q

complex branched hydrocarbons

A

MYCOLIC ACID

39
Q
  • composed of a PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER
  • selective permeable
  • electron transport & oxidative phosphorylation
  • excretion of HYDROLITIC exoenzymes & pathogenicity proteins
  • synthesis of precursors of the cell wall
  • bearing of receptors
A

PLASMA (CYTOPLASMIC) MEMBRANE

40
Q
  • INVAGINATION of plasma membrane
  • plays an important role in cell division
  • serves as the origin of the transverse septum (yung hati sa cell)
  • binding site of DNA
A

MESOSOME

41
Q

2 distinct areas of CYTOPLASM

A

amorphous matrix
inner nucleoid region

42
Q

AREA OF CYTOPLASM:
ribosomes, nutrient granules, metabolites, plasmids

A

AMORPHOUS MATRIX

43
Q

AREA OF CYTOPLASM:
DNA

A

INNER NUCLEOID REGION

44
Q
  • area in cytoplasm where the DNA is located
  • Feulgen-positive -> highlights the DNA
  • absence of nuclear membrane & mitotic apparatus
  • binary fission
  • circular
  • not considered as nucleus
A

NUCLEOID

45
Q

cell division in PROKARYOTIC cells

A

BINARY FISSION

46
Q

product of cell division in prokaryotes

A

HAPLOID

47
Q
  • EXTRAchromosomal, double-stranded circular DNA molecules
  • replicates independently of the bacterial chromosomes
A

PLASMID

48
Q

(PLASMID)
conjugation, transfer of DNA

A

FERTILITY PLASMID (F plasmid)

49
Q

(PLASMID)
can be passed to other cells

A

RESISTANCE PLASMID (R plasmid)

50
Q

most important plasmids

A

F & R plasmids

51
Q
  • insulin made in the laboratory
  • initially harvested from pigs
  • uses the plasmid of bacteria to duplicate insulin
A

RECOMBINANT INSULIN PRODUCTION

52
Q

hormone that controls blood sugar level

A

INSULIN

53
Q

type of diabetes that CANNOT PRODUCE INSULIN
- dosage form: injection

A

TYPE 1

54
Q

type of diabetes that has insulin but THE BODY DOES NOT RESPOND

A

type 2

55
Q
  • site of protein synthesis
  • size is smaller in prokaryotes
A

RIBOSOMES

56
Q

size of ribosomes in prokaryotes

A

70s, 50s - larger, 30s - smaller

57
Q

serves as STORAGE areas for nutrients

A

GRANULES

58
Q
  • RESTING CELLS that are formed in response to ADVERSE CONDITIONS
  • very resistant
  • in a vegetative state, dormant
  • sporulation
  • germination
A

ENDOSPORES

59
Q
  • endospore FORMATION
  • not a method for reproduction or cell division
A

SPORULATION

60
Q
  • pagbalik ng endospore into its orginal state (vegetative state) & will reproduce again
A

GERMINATION

61
Q

found only in outer membrane of gram-

A

PORIN

62
Q
  • also known as JUMPING GENES
  • can MOVE readily form one site to another within or from another cell
  • carries drug resistance enzymes, toxins, or other metabolic resistance
  • cause MUTATIONS in the gene
A

TRANSPOSONS

MICROPARA (13 decks)

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