M5 PART 5 Flashcards by CHESKA CIANNELLE FRANCISCO

Q

Short coccoid bacilli
It requires the factors X (heme) and V (NAD) for growth.
Fastidious organism
Specimens are grown on IsoVitaleX-enriched chocolate agar
used for typing

A

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA

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Q

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA

does not grow on sheep blood agar because ____, but it grows in the presence of staphylococcus (around it)

A

it only has X factor

staph can produce V factor

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Q

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA

shape

A

coccoid, pleomorphic

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Q

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA

growth factors

A

X (heme) and V (NAD)

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Q

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA

culture media

A

enriched chocolate agar

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Q

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA | ANTIGENIC STUCTURES

capsular polysaccharides type

A

A - F

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Q

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA | ANTIGENIC STUCTURES

a polyribitol ribose phosphate (PRP), causes most of the severe diseases

A

type B

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Q

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA | ANTIGENIC STUCTURES

____ consist outer membrane proteins [Lipooligosaccharides (LOS)]

A

somatic proteins

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Q

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA

Part of the normal microbiota of the upper respiratory tract, but usually the members of the upper respiratory tract are non-encapsulated and they are referred to as

A

non typable hemophilus influenza NTHi

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Q

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA | PATHOGENESIS

they are not ____

A

exotoxin

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Q

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA | PATHOGENESIS

The virulence factor of hemophilus influenza only includes

A

endotoxin
LPS
capsular polysaccharides

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Q

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA | PATHOGENESIS

a regular member of the upper respiratory tract

A

nonencapsulated organism

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Q

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA | PATHOGENESIS

has an anti-phagocytic activity
anti typable

A

capsule

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Q

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA | PATHOGENESIS

The ____ of type b H. influenzae is the major virulence factor causing the most severe diseases

A

PRP capsule

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Q

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA | CLINICAL FINDINGS

mode of transmission

A

inhalation of airborne droplets

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Q

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA | CLINICAL FINDINGS

____ media and acute ____

A

otitis media, acute sinusitis

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Q

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA | CLINICAL FINDINGS

LRT infections

A

bronchitis & pneumonia

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Q

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA | CLINICAL FINDINGS

____ and septic ____

A

meningitis, septic arthritis

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Q

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA | CLINICAL FINDINGS

most common cause of meningitis to children ranging from 5 months to 5 years

A

type B

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Q

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA | CLINICAL FINDINGS

____ epiglottis

A

cherry red

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Q

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA | CLINICAL FINDINGS

small children and old or debilitated people

A

pneumonitis and epiglottitis

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Q

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA | CLINICAL FINDINGS

adults

A

bronchitis and pneumonia

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Q

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA | CLINICAL FINDINGS

susceptible to

A

ampicillin, penicillin

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Q

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA | TREATMENT & PREVENTION

All strains are susceptible to

A

3rd gen cephalosporins & carbapenems

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# **HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA** | TREATMENT & PREVENTION given **IV** gives **excellent** results

cefotaxime

# **HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA** | TREATMENT & PREVENTION vaccine

haemophilus type B conjugate vaccine

* Formerly called the **Koch-Weeks bacillus** * Causes conjunctivitis "**pink eye**" in children

Haemophilus aegyptius

***Haemophilus aegyptius*** is formerly called as

Koch-Weeks bacillus

* Causes **chancroid (soft chancre)**, an STD * Occurs in the **genitalia**, resulting to an ulcer with swelling and tenderness * Healing takes **2 weeks**

Haemophilus ducreyi

***Haemophilus ducreyi*** DOC

azithromycin

* A minute, Gram-negative **coccobacilli** encapsulated bacterium **resembling** H. influenzae * Culture medium – **Bordet-gengou agar** * **Strict aerobe**, oxidase and catalase **positive** * Nitrate, citrate, and urea **negative** * **severe cough** * targets **ciliated epithelial cells LRT**

Bordetella pertussis

# **Bordetella pertussis** shape

coccobacilli

# **Bordetella pertussis** capsulated? Yes or No

yes

# **Bordetella pertussis** culture medium

Bordet-gengou agar

# **Bordetella pertussis** oxygen requirement

strict aerobe

# **Bordetella pertussis** oxidase and catalase

positive

# **Bordetella pertussis** nitrate, citrate, urea

negative

# **Bordetella pertussis** | ANTIGENIC STRUCTURES **adhesion** to ciliated epithelial cells

FILAMENTOUS HEMAGGLUTININ

# **Bordetella pertussis** | ANTIGENIC STRUCTURES * promotes **prolonged stimulation** of adenylate cyclase; lymphocytosis (lymphocytes fail to enter the lymphoid tissue) * causes **edema** that leads to **severe cough**

PERTUSSIS TOXIN (A-B)

# **Bordetella pertussis** | ANTIGENIC STRUCTURES **inhibits** phagocytosis

ADENYLATE CYCLASE TOXIN (ACT)

# **Bordetella pertussis** | ANTIGENIC STRUCTURES **destroys/kills** ciliated epithelial cells

tracheal cytotoxin

# **Bordetella pertussis** | CLINICAL FINDINGS incubation period

2 weeks

# **Bordetella pertussis** | CLINICAL FINDINGS disease

pertussis (whooping cough)

# **Bordetella pertussis** | CLINICAL FINDINGS highly infectious, **mild** coughing and sneezing

catarrhal stage

# **Bordetella pertussis** | CLINICAL FINDINGS the cough **develops "whooping sound"** This leads to **rapid exhaustion** and may be associated with vomiting, cyanosis, and convulsions.

paroxysmal stage

# **Bordetella pertussis** | TREATMENT & PREVENTION DOC

azithromycin

# **Bordetella pertussis** | TREATMENT & PREVENTION vaccine for **infants** & **younger children**

DTaP

# **Bordetella pertussis** | TREATMENT & PREVENTION vaccine for **older** children & **adult**

TDaP

* **Fastidious**, **aerobic** Gram-negative bacteria * Stain **poorly** by Gram's method * Culture medium – **buffered charcoal yeast extract** (BCYE) agar with a-ketoglutarate * **Charcoal** – acts as a **detoxifying agent** in the medium * Catalase and oxidase-**positive** * Hydrolyzes **sodium Hippurate** * **0.1% basic fuchsin** is used as the **counter stain** since it stains poorly in safranin * Alternatively, increase contact time with safranin to enhance visibility * **no fusion** of phgaosome & lysosome - **prevents diegstion**

Legionella pneumophila

# **Legionella pneumophila** oxygen requirement

aerobic

# **Legionella pneumophila** culture medium

buffered charcoal yeast extract (BCYE) agar w/ a-ketoglutarate

# **Legionella pneumophila** catalase & oxidase

positive

# **Legionella pneumophila** hydrolyzes

sodium hippurate

# **Legionella pneumophila** | ANTIGENIC STRUCTURE how many **serogroups**

16

# **Legionella pneumophila** | ANTIGENIC STRUCTURE **most important serogroup** for humans

type 1

# **Legionella pneumophila** | ANTIGENIC STRUCTURE **major secretory protein** that has hemolytic & cytotoxic activity

metalloprotease

# **Legionella pneumophila** | PATHOGENESIS Ubiquitous in ____, ____ environments

warm, moist

# **Legionella pneumophila** | PATHOGENESIS multiply in ____

free-living amoebas

# **Legionella pneumophila** | PATHOGENESIS ____ pathogen

intracellular | multiply inside the cell

# **Legionella pneumophila** | PATHOGENESIS a **virulence factor**, important for **macrophage invasion**

Mip protein

# **Legionella pneumophila** | PATHOGENESIS **major** virulence factor

LPS

# **Legionella pneumophila** | PATHOGENESIS exotoxin Yes or No

No

# **Legionella pneumophila** | CLINICAL FINDINGS diseases

Legionnaire's disease (Legionellosis) Pontiac fever

# **Legionella pneumophila** | CLINICAL FINDINGS Legionnaire's disease (Legionellosis): * bacterium **cannot be isolated** on an ordinary media, **does not resemble** pneumococcal pneumonia * Severe, **rapidly progressive** illness with high fever, chills, malaise, nonproductive cough, hypoxia, diarrhea, and delirium

ATYPICAL PNEUMONIA

# **Legionella pneumophila** | CLINICAL FINDINGS mild, **flu-like** form of Legionella infection, **no pneumonia**

PONTIAC FEVER

# **Legionella pneumophila** RISK FACTORS

* men **55 y/o & above** * smoking, alcohol * Diabetes mellitus * Chronic bronchitis and emphysema * Cardiovascular disease * Steroid and other immunosuppressive treatment, cancer chemotherapy * antitumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a therapy, especially infliximab or adalimumab.

# **Legionella pneumophila** | TREATMENT DOC

macrolides fluoroquinolones tetracyclines