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MICROPARA > M5 PART 5 > Flashcards

M5 PART 5 Flashcards

1
Q
  • Short coccoid bacilli
  • It requires the factors X (heme) and V (NAD) for growth.
  • Fastidious organism
  • Specimens are grown on IsoVitaleX-enriched chocolate agar
  • used for typing
A

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA

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2
Q

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA

does not grow on sheep blood agar because ____, but it grows in the presence of staphylococcus (around it)

A

it only has X factor

staph can produce V factor

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3
Q

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA

shape

A

coccoid, pleomorphic

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4
Q

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA

growth factors

A

X (heme) and V (NAD)

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5
Q

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA

culture media

A

enriched chocolate agar

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6
Q

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA | ANTIGENIC STUCTURES

capsular polysaccharides type

A

A - F

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7
Q

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA | ANTIGENIC STUCTURES

a polyribitol ribose phosphate (PRP), causes most of the severe diseases

A

type B

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8
Q

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA | ANTIGENIC STUCTURES

____ consist outer membrane proteins [Lipooligosaccharides (LOS)]

A

somatic proteins

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9
Q

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA

Part of the normal microbiota of the upper respiratory tract, but usually the members of the upper respiratory tract are non-encapsulated and they are referred to as

A

non typable hemophilus influenza NTHi

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10
Q

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA | PATHOGENESIS

they are not ____

A

exotoxin

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11
Q

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA | PATHOGENESIS

The virulence factor of hemophilus influenza only includes

A

endotoxin
LPS
capsular polysaccharides

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12
Q

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA | PATHOGENESIS

a regular member of the upper respiratory tract

A

nonencapsulated organism

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13
Q

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA | PATHOGENESIS

  • has an anti-phagocytic activity
  • anti typable
A

capsule

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14
Q

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA | PATHOGENESIS

The ____ of type b H. influenzae is the major virulence factor causing the most severe diseases

A

PRP capsule

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15
Q

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA | CLINICAL FINDINGS

mode of transmission

A

inhalation of airborne droplets

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16
Q

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA | CLINICAL FINDINGS

____ media and acute ____

A

otitis media, acute sinusitis

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17
Q

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA | CLINICAL FINDINGS

LRT infections

A

bronchitis & pneumonia

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18
Q

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA | CLINICAL FINDINGS

____ and septic ____

A

meningitis, septic arthritis

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19
Q

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA | CLINICAL FINDINGS

most common cause of meningitis to children ranging from 5 months to 5 years

A

type B

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20
Q

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA | CLINICAL FINDINGS

____ epiglottis

A

cherry red

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21
Q

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA | CLINICAL FINDINGS

small children and old or debilitated people

A

pneumonitis and epiglottitis

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22
Q

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA | CLINICAL FINDINGS

adults

A

bronchitis and pneumonia

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23
Q

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA | CLINICAL FINDINGS

susceptible to

A

ampicillin, penicillin

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24
Q

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA | TREATMENT & PREVENTION

All strains are susceptible to

A

3rd gen cephalosporins & carbapenems

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25
Q

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA | TREATMENT & PREVENTION

given IV gives excellent results

A

cefotaxime

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26
Q

HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZA | TREATMENT & PREVENTION

vaccine

A

haemophilus type B conjugate vaccine

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27
Q
  • Formerly called the Koch-Weeks bacillus
  • Causes conjunctivitis “pink eye” in children
A

Haemophilus aegyptius

28
Q

Haemophilus aegyptius is formerly called as

A

Koch-Weeks bacillus

29
Q
  • Causes chancroid (soft chancre), an STD
  • Occurs in the genitalia, resulting to an ulcer with swelling and tenderness
  • Healing takes 2 weeks
A

Haemophilus ducreyi

30
Q

Haemophilus ducreyi DOC

A

azithromycin

31
Q
  • A minute, Gram-negative coccobacilli encapsulated bacterium resembling H. influenzae
  • Culture medium – Bordet-gengou agar
  • Strict aerobe, oxidase and catalase positive
  • Nitrate, citrate, and urea negative
  • severe cough
  • targets ciliated epithelial cells LRT
A

Bordetella pertussis

32
Q

Bordetella pertussis

shape

A

coccobacilli

33
Q

Bordetella pertussis

capsulated? Yes or No

A

yes

34
Q

Bordetella pertussis

culture medium

A

Bordet-gengou agar

35
Q

Bordetella pertussis

oxygen requirement

A

strict aerobe

36
Q

Bordetella pertussis

oxidase and catalase

A

positive

37
Q

Bordetella pertussis

nitrate, citrate, urea

A

negative

38
Q

Bordetella pertussis | ANTIGENIC STRUCTURES

adhesion to ciliated epithelial cells

A

FILAMENTOUS HEMAGGLUTININ

39
Q

Bordetella pertussis | ANTIGENIC STRUCTURES

  • promotes prolonged stimulation of adenylate cyclase; lymphocytosis (lymphocytes fail to enter the lymphoid tissue)
  • causes edema that leads to severe cough
A

PERTUSSIS TOXIN (A-B)

40
Q

Bordetella pertussis | ANTIGENIC STRUCTURES

inhibits phagocytosis

A

ADENYLATE CYCLASE TOXIN (ACT)

41
Q

Bordetella pertussis | ANTIGENIC STRUCTURES

destroys/kills ciliated epithelial cells

A

tracheal cytotoxin

42
Q

Bordetella pertussis | CLINICAL FINDINGS

incubation period

A

2 weeks

43
Q

Bordetella pertussis | CLINICAL FINDINGS

disease

A

pertussis (whooping cough)

44
Q

Bordetella pertussis | CLINICAL FINDINGS

highly infectious, mild coughing and sneezing

A

catarrhal stage

45
Q

Bordetella pertussis | CLINICAL FINDINGS

the cough develops “whooping sound” This leads to rapid exhaustion and may be associated with vomiting, cyanosis, and convulsions.

A

paroxysmal stage

46
Q

Bordetella pertussis | TREATMENT & PREVENTION

DOC

A

azithromycin

47
Q

Bordetella pertussis | TREATMENT & PREVENTION

vaccine for infants & younger children

A

DTaP

48
Q

Bordetella pertussis | TREATMENT & PREVENTION

vaccine for older children & adult

A

TDaP

49
Q
  • Fastidious, aerobic Gram-negative bacteria
  • Stain poorly by Gram’s method
  • Culture medium – buffered charcoal yeast extract (BCYE) agar with a-ketoglutarate
  • Charcoal – acts as a detoxifying agent in the medium
  • Catalase and oxidase-positive
  • Hydrolyzes sodium Hippurate
  • 0.1% basic fuchsin is used as the counter stain since it stains poorly in safranin
  • Alternatively, increase contact time with safranin to enhance visibility
  • no fusion of phgaosome & lysosome - prevents diegstion
A

Legionella pneumophila

50
Q

Legionella pneumophila

oxygen requirement

A

aerobic

51
Q

Legionella pneumophila

culture medium

A

buffered charcoal yeast extract (BCYE) agar w/ a-ketoglutarate

52
Q

Legionella pneumophila

catalase & oxidase

A

positive

53
Q

Legionella pneumophila

hydrolyzes

A

sodium hippurate

54
Q

Legionella pneumophila | ANTIGENIC STRUCTURE

how many serogroups

A

16

55
Q

Legionella pneumophila | ANTIGENIC STRUCTURE

most important serogroup for humans

A

type 1

56
Q

Legionella pneumophila | ANTIGENIC STRUCTURE

major secretory protein that has hemolytic & cytotoxic activity

A

metalloprotease

57
Q

Legionella pneumophila | PATHOGENESIS

Ubiquitous in ____, ____ environments

A

warm, moist

58
Q

Legionella pneumophila | PATHOGENESIS

multiply in ____

A

free-living amoebas

59
Q

Legionella pneumophila | PATHOGENESIS

____ pathogen

A

intracellular

multiply inside the cell

60
Q

Legionella pneumophila | PATHOGENESIS

a virulence factor, important for macrophage invasion

A

Mip protein

61
Q

Legionella pneumophila | PATHOGENESIS

major virulence factor

A

LPS

62
Q

Legionella pneumophila | PATHOGENESIS

exotoxin
Yes or No

A

No

63
Q

Legionella pneumophila | CLINICAL FINDINGS

diseases

A

Legionnaire’s disease (Legionellosis)
Pontiac fever

64
Q

Legionella pneumophila | CLINICAL FINDINGS

Legionnaire’s disease (Legionellosis):
* bacterium cannot be isolated on an ordinary media, does not resemble pneumococcal pneumonia
* Severe, rapidly progressive illness with high fever, chills, malaise, nonproductive cough, hypoxia, diarrhea, and delirium

A

ATYPICAL PNEUMONIA

65
Q

Legionella pneumophila | CLINICAL FINDINGS

mild, flu-like form of Legionella infection, no pneumonia

A

PONTIAC FEVER

66
Q

Legionella pneumophila

RISK FACTORS

A
  • men 55 y/o & above
  • smoking, alcohol
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Chronic bronchitis and emphysema
  • Cardiovascular disease
  • Steroid and other immunosuppressive treatment, cancer chemotherapy
  • antitumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a therapy, especially infliximab or adalimumab.
67
Q

Legionella pneumophila | TREATMENT

DOC

A

macrolides
fluoroquinolones
tetracyclines

MICROPARA (37 decks)

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