M1L1 Flashcards
study of microorganisms
MICROBIOLOGY
a large and diverse group of MICROSCOPIC ORGANISMS that exists as single cells or cell clusters; it also includes viruses, which are microscopic but not cellular.
MICROORGANISMS
these are MICROSCOPIC but NOT CELLULAR
VIRUSES
An Englishman who reported to the world that life’s smallest structural units were “LITTLE BOXES” or “CELLS/CELLA” that he was able to see using his improved version of a compound microscope.
ROBERT HOOKE
His discovery MARKED THE BEGINNING of the “CELL THEORY” stating that all living things are composed of cells. (1665)
ROBERT HOOKE
all living things are made up of cells
CELL THEORY
Hooke observed cells into what specimen
CORK
The Dutch merchant and amateur scientist who was probably the first person to actually observe LIVE MICROORGANISMS which he called as “ANIMALCULES” through his simple, single-lens microscope.
ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK
his contribution made him recognized as the FATHER OF MICROBIOLOGY and considered to be the FIRST MICROBIOLOGIST (1673)
ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK
the idea that living organisms could arise from NONLIVING matter
SPONTANEOUS GENERATION
spontaneous generation is also known as
THEORY OF ABIOGENESIS
(DID NOT BELIEVE SPONTANEOUS GENERATION)
demonstrated that MAGGOTS appear on DECAYING MEAT ONLY when flies are able to lay eggs on the meat. He proved this by performing an experiment using meat placed on three different jars: one is kept opened, another one is covered with a gauze and another jar is completely sealed. Maggots appeared in the jars that were OPENED AND COVERED WITH GAUZE. (1668)
FRANCESCO REDI
(BELIEVED SPONTANEOUS GEN)
claimed that microorganisms could arise spontaneously from HEATED NUTRIENT BROTH and interpreted this as spontaneous generation. In contrast to the experiment done by Redi, he claimed that “VITAL FORCE” is necessary for spontaneous generation to happen. (1745)
JOHN NEEDHAM
what did JOHN NEEDHAM claimed to be necessary in spontaneous generation to happen
VITAL FORCE
what did FRANCESCO REDI performed to prove that spontaneous generation is not true
MEAT IN 3 DIFF JARS: one opened, one closed, one covered with gauze
(also DISAPPROVES spont. gen)
repeated Needham’s experiments and suggested that Needham’s results were due to MICROORGANISMS IN THE AIR entering his broth. He SEALED the flask and NO GROWTH WERE OBSERVED (1765)
LAZARRO SPALLANZANI
introduced the “CONCEPT OF BIOGENESIS” (1858)
RUDOLF VIRCHOW
states that living cells can arise ONLY FROM PREEXISTING CELLS.
THEORY OF BIOGENESIS
demonstrated that MICROORGANISMS ARE IN THE AIR EVERYWHERE (microbes are present in nonliving matter) and offered proof of biogenesis. A chemist and microbiologist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation and pasteurization. (1861)
LOUIS PASTEUR
who ENDED the debate on spont. gen
LOUIS PASTEUR
what did LOUIS PASTEUR proved about spont. gen
IT IS NOT TRUE
a special flask that LOUIS PASTEUR used
S FLASK / SWAN NECK FLASK
Pasteur performed the _______ experiment and invented the Pasteur pipet.
SWAN-NECK
Pasteur performed the swan-neck experiment and invented the __________.
PASTEUR PIPET
Pasteur’s discoveries led to the development of ________ used in the laboratory and medical procedures to PREVENT CONTAMINATION by microorganisms that are in the AIR.
ASEPTIC TECHNIQUES
Rapid advances in the science of microbiology were made between
1857 & 1914
Pasteur found that yeast ferments sugars to
ALCOHOL + CO2
Pasteur found that bacteria can oxidize the alcohol to (spoilage of alcohol)
ACETIC ACID (vinegar)
- A heating process used to kill bacteria in some alcoholic beverages and milk.
- sterilization
- the product should undergo VERY HIGH TEMPERATURE
PASTEURIZATION
showed a CASUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MICROORGANISMS AND DISEASE through the Germ Theory of Disease. This means that A DISEASE IS CAUSED BY A SPECIFIC MICROORGANISM.
AGOSTINO BASSI & PASTEUR