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MICROPARA > M7 DNA VIRUSES | ENVELOPED > Flashcards

M7 DNA VIRUSES | ENVELOPED Flashcards

1
Q

ENVELOPED VIRUSES

A

Herpes virus
Hepadna virus
Poxvirus

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2
Q

ENVELOPED VIRUS

viruses that has icosahedral symmetry

A

Herpes
Hepadna

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3
Q

ENVELOPED VIRUS

symmetry of Poxvirus

A

complex symmetry

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4
Q

ENVELOPED VIRUS

The diseases are associated with primary infection and reactivated disease by a given virus
Establish latent infection
Virion – spherical, 150-200 nm in diameter (icosahedral)
Genome – double-stranded DNA, linear, 125-240 kbp, reiterated sequences
Proteins – more than 35 proteins in virion
Envelope – contains viral glycoproteins, Fc receptors
Replication – nucleus, bud from nuclear membrane
Outstanding characteristics – encode many enzymes, establish latent infections, persist indefinitely in infected hosts, frequently reactivated in immunosuppressed hosts, some cause cancer

A

HERPES VIRUSES

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5
Q

ENVELOPED | HERPES VIRUS

The diseases are associated with ____ and ____ by a given virus

A

PRIMARY INFECTION & REACTIVATED DISEASE

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6
Q

ENVELOPED | HERPES VIRUS

can establish ____ infection

A

latent

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7
Q

ENVELOPED | HERPES VIRUS

Virion shape and size

A

spherical, 150-200nm

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8
Q

ENVELOPED | HERPES VIRUS

Genome

A

double stranded, linear

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9
Q

ENVELOPED | HERPES VIRUS

Proteins in virion

A

more than 35

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10
Q

ENVELOPED | HERPES VIRUS

Envelope contains

A

viral glycoproteins, Fc receptors

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11
Q

ENVELOPED | HERPES VIRUS

Replication happens in the

A

nucleus

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12
Q

ENVELOPED | HERPES VIRUS

Replication:
bud from ____

A

nuclear membrane

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13
Q

HERPES VIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS

  • Gingivostomatitis
  • Pharyngotonsillitis
  • Cold sores (fever blisters, herpes labialis)
A

OROPHARYNGEAL DISEASE

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14
Q

HERPES VIRUS

can herpes viruses be eradicated

A

they cannot be eraidcated because they establish latent infections

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15
Q

HERPES VIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS

recurrent lesions of the eye are common and appear as dendritic keratitis or corneal ulcers or as vesicles on the eyelids HSV-2

A

keratoconjunctivitis

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16
Q

HERPES VIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS

primary infection of oropharyngeal disease

A

gingivostomatitis

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17
Q

HERPES VIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS

reactivated infection of gingivostomatitis

A

cold sores

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18
Q

HERPES VIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS

painful vesicular lesions of the male and female genitals and anal area

A

GENITAL HERPES

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19
Q

HERPES VIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS

  • Herpetic whitlow
  • Herpes gladiatorum
  • Eczema herpeticum
A

CUTANEOUS INFECTIONS

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20
Q

HERPES VIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS | CUTANEOUS INFECTIONS

commonly seen in wrestlers

A

HERPES GLADIATORIUM

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21
Q

HERPES VIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS | CUTANEOUS INFECTIONS

commonly seen in nurses

A

HERPETIC WHITLOW

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22
Q

HERPES VIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS | CUTANEOUS INFECTIONS

  • Kaposi’s varicelliform eruption
  • commonly seen in children
A

ECZEMA HERPETICUM

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23
Q

HERPES VIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS | CUTANEOUS INFECTIONS

Eczema herpeticum is also called as

A

Kaposi’s varicelliform eruption

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24
Q

HERPES VIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS

____ are considered the most common cause of sporadic, fatal encephalitis in the United States.

A

HSV-1 infections

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25
Q

HERPES VIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS

may be acquired in utero, during birth, or after birth.
* Lesions localized to the skin, eye, and mouth
* Encephalitis with or without localized skin involvement
* Disseminated disease involving multiple organs

A

NEONATAL HERPES

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26
Q

HERPES VIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS

The type classically associated with oropharyngeal lesions and causes recurrent attacks of “fever blisters”

A

HSV-1

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27
Q

HERPES VIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS

The type that primarily infects the genital mucosa and is mainly responsible for genital herpes

A

HSV-2

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28
Q

HERPES VIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS

type that can cause neurologic disease

A

both HSV1 & HSV2

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29
Q

HERPES VIRUS | LATENT INFECTIONS

ALPHA:
HSV1
HSV2
Varicella-zoster

A

neurons

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30
Q

HERPES VIRUS | LATENT INFECTIONS

BETA:
Cytomegalovirus

A

Glands, kidneys

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31
Q

HERPES VIRUS | LATENT INFECTIONS

BETA:
Human herpesvirus 6
Human herpesvirus 7

A

lymphoid tissue

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32
Q

HERPES VIRUS | LATENT INFECTIONS

GAMMA:
Epstein-Barr virus
Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus

A

lymphoid tissue

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33
Q

HERPES VIRUS | TREATMENT

DRUGS OF CHOICE

A

Acyclovir
Valacyclovir
Vidarabine

note that these drugs prevent only future reccurences, not eradicate

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34
Q

ENVELOPED

  • Route of infection – URT or conjunctiva
  • Incubation period – 10-21 days
  • Site of Latency – Cranial or **thoracic ganglia **
  • Diseases
    o Chickenpox
    o pneumonia and encephalitis
    o Neonatal
A

VARICELLA

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35
Q

VARICELLA

Route of infection

A

Upper respiratory tract or conjunctiva

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36
Q

VARICELLA

incubation period

A

10 - 21 days

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37
Q

VARICELLA

site of latency

A

cranial or thoracic ganglia

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38
Q

VARICELLA | DISEASE

  • vesicles appear in crops, that may occur as macules, papules, vesicles, and crusts
  • mild in children; not in adults
A

CHICKENPOX

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39
Q

flat vesicles

A

macules

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40
Q

elevated vesicles

A

papules

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41
Q

VARICELLA | DISEASE

Complications in adults

A

pneumonia & encephalitis
neonatal

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42
Q

VARICELLA

it is also known as

A

chickenpox

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43
Q

ENVELOPED

  • Recurrent form of Varicella
  • Begins with severe pain in the area of skin or mucosa along the sensory nerves and ganglia
  • Then crops of vesicles appears over the skin in the trunk, head, or neck
  • Postherpetic neuralgia (PNH) – most common complication in elderly
A

HERPES ZOSTER

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44
Q

HERPES ZOSTER

recurrent form of ____

A

varicella

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45
Q

HERPES ZOSTER

disease is known as

A

shingles

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46
Q

HERPES ZOSTER

affects the

A

sensory nerves & ganglia

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47
Q

HERPES ZOSTER

crops of vesicles appear over the skin in

A

trunk, head, neck

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48
Q

HERPES ZOSTER

most common complication in elderly

A

postherpetic neuralgia (PNH)

49
Q

HERPES ZOSTER | TREATMENT

Varicella is a ____ in children

A

mild disease

50
Q

HERPES ZOSTER | TREATMENT

antiviral drugs

A

acyclovir
valacyclovir
famciclovir
foscarnet

51
Q

HERPES ZOSTER | TREATMENT

post-exposure prophylaxis

A

Varicella-zoster immune globulin (VariZIG)

52
Q

HERPES ZOSTER | PREVENTION

vaccines for children

A

Live attenuated varicella vaccine (SC)

53
Q

HERPES ZOSTER

site of latent infection

A

sensory nerves & ganglia

54
Q

HERPES ZOSTER | PREVENTION

vaccines for adults

A

Herpes Zoster (Shingles) vaccine (SC)

55
Q

HERPES ZOSTER | PREVENTION

can the pharmacists administer vaccines for children?

A

NO, adult vaccines only

56
Q

ENVELOPED

  • has two major strains (type A & B)
  • Kissing disease
A

EBSTEIN-BARR VIRUS (EBV)

57
Q

EBSTEIN-BARR VIRUS (EBV)

two major strains

A

type A & B

58
Q

EBSTEIN-BARR VIRUS (EBV)

major target cell of the major strains

A

B lymphocyte

59
Q

EBSTEIN-BARR VIRUS (EBV) | PATHOGENESIS & PATHOLOGY

transmitted by infected saliva and initiates infection in the oropharynx

A

PRIMARY INFECTION

60
Q

EBSTEIN-BARR VIRUS (EBV) | PATHOGENESIS & PATHOLOGY

PRIMARY INFECTION:
transmitted by ____

A

infected saliva

61
Q

EBSTEIN-BARR VIRUS (EBV) | PATHOGENESIS & PATHOLOGY

PRIMARY INFECTION:
initiates infection in the ____

A

oropharynx

62
Q

EBSTEIN-BARR VIRUS (EBV) | CLINICAL FINDINGS

infectious mononucleosis

A

kissing disease

63
Q

EBSTEIN-BARR VIRUS (EBV) | CLINICAL FINDINGS

  • Burkitt lymphoma
  • Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
  • Oral hairy leukoplakia
  • Hodgkin (Reed-Sternberg cells) and NonHodgkin lymphoma
  • Gastric carcinoma
A

CANCER

64
Q

EBSTEIN-BARR VIRUS (EBV) | CLINICAL FINDINGS | CANCER

  • seen in African children
  • tumor of the jaw
A

BURKITT LYMPHOMA

65
Q

EBSTEIN-BARR VIRUS (EBV) | CLINICAL FINDINGS | CANCER

a cancer of epithelial cells and common in male Chinese people

A

NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA

66
Q

EBSTEIN-BARR VIRUS (EBV) | CLINICAL FINDINGS | CANCER

a wart-like growth in tongue among AIDS patients

A

ORAL HAIRY LEUKOPLAKIA

67
Q

EBSTEIN-BARR VIRUS (EBV)

they first discovered that viruses can cause ____

A

cancer

68
Q

EBSTEIN-BARR VIRUS (EBV) | TREATMENT

DRUG OF CHOICE
reduce the shedding of virus

A

acyclovir

69
Q

ENVELOPED

  • can cause enlargement of the infected cell
  • site of latency - monocytes
A

CYTOMEGALOVIRUS

70
Q

CYTOMEGALOVIRUS

CMV infections can manifest as ____

A

cytomegalic inclusion disease

71
Q

CYTOMEGALOVIRUS

site of latency

A

glands, kidneys & monocytes

72
Q

CYTOMEGALOVIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS

Heterophil-negative (non-EBV) mononucleosis

A

NORMAL HOSTS

73
Q

CYTOMEGALOVIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS

  • Pneumonia, colitis, retinitis or hepatitis, or cause disseminated infection
  • Virus-associated leukopenia in solid organ transplant recipients
A

IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOSTS

74
Q

CYTOMEGALOVIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS

  • mental retardation, blindness, deafness
  • cytomegalic inclusion disease of the newborns
A

CONGENITAL & PERINATAL INFECTIONS

75
Q

CYTOMEGALOVIRUS | TREATMENT

  • CMV infections in immunosuppressed
  • CMV retinitis, esophagitis, and colitis
  • Disseminated disease
  • Congenital infections
A

GANCICLOVIR

76
Q

CYTOMEGALOVIRUS | TREATMENT

CMV retinitis and ganciclovir-resistant CMV strains

A

CIDOFOVIR
FOSCARNET

77
Q

OTHER HERPES VIRUS

causes exanthem subitum (roseola infantum, or “sixth disease”)

A

Human Herpesvirus 6

78
Q

OTHER HERPES VIRUS

causes roseola infantum in infants and young children

A

Human Herpesvirus 7

79
Q

OTHER HERPES VIRUS

kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, KSHV

A

Human Herpesvirus 8

80
Q

OTHER HERPESVIRUS | TREATMENT

Human Herpesvirus 8
kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, KSHV

A

foscarnet
famciclovir
ganciclovir
cidofovir

81
Q

OTHER HERPES VIRUS

roseala infantum is also called as

A

sixth disease

82
Q

OTHER HERPES VIRUS

acute ascending myelitis and encephalomyelitis

A

Herpes B virus

83
Q

OTHER HERPES VIRUS

Herpes B virus DOC

A

acyclovir

84
Q
  • largest and most complex of viruses infecting humans.
  • Infections are characterized by a rash
  • Virion – complex structure, oval or brick shaped, 300-400 nm in length x 230 nm in diameter, external surface shows ridges; contains core and lateral bodies
  • Composition – DNA (3%), protein (90%), lipid (5%)
  • Genome – double-stranded DNA, linear; size, 130-375 kbp; has terminal loops; has low G+ C content (30-40%) except for Parapoxvirus (63%)
  • Proteins – virions contain more than 100 polypeptides; many enzymes are present in core, including transcriptional system
  • Envelope – virion assembly involves formation of multiple membranes
  • Replication – cytoplasmic factories
  • Outstanding characteristics – large and complex viruses; very resistant to inactivation; virus encoded proteins help evade host immune defense system; smallpox was the first viral disease eradicated from the world
A

POXVIRUS

85
Q

POXVIRUS

Poxviruses are the ____ and ____ of viruses infecting humans

A

largest and most complex

86
Q

POXVIRUS

common clinical manifestation among all poxviruses

A

rash

87
Q

POXVIRUS

Virion:
shape

A

complex, oval or brick-shaped

88
Q

POXVIRUS

VIRION:
size (length & diameter)

A

400nm length
230nm diameter

89
Q

POXVIRUS

VIRION:
external surface shows ____

A

ridges

90
Q

POXVIRUS

VIRION:
contains ____ and ____

A

core & lateral bodies

91
Q

POXVIRUS

composition

A

DNA 3%
protein 90%
lipid 5%

92
Q

POXVIRUS

GENOME:
has ____

A

terminal loops

93
Q

POXVIRUS

PROTEINS:
virions contain ____ polypeptides

A

more than 100

94
Q

POXVIRUS

PROTEINS:
many enzymes are present in ____, including transcriptional system

A

core

95
Q

POXVIRUS

ENVELOPE:
virion assembly involves ____

A

formation of multiple membranes

96
Q

POXVIRUS

replication

A

cytoplasmic factories

97
Q

POXVIRUS

first viral disease to be eradicated from the world

A

smallpox

98
Q
  • Variola virus
  • has two types: Major & Minor
  • Portal of entry – Upper Respiratory Tract (blood)
  • Characterized by the sudden onset of fever and per malaise, followed by rash
A

SMALLPOX

99
Q

SMALLPOX

____ virus

A

variola

100
Q

SMALLPOX

portal of entry

A

URT (blood)

101
Q

SMALLPOX

more virulent type

A

Major

102
Q

SMALLPOX

DOC

A

Methisazone
cidofovir

103
Q

SMALLPOX

drug used as prophylaxis

A

Methisazone

104
Q

SMALLPOX

Prevention

A

Live attenuated vaccinia virus

105
Q

SMALLPOX

the vaccinia is identified by

A

Edward Jenner

106
Q

SMALLPOX

the virus used by Edward Jenner for the vaccine for smallpox virus

A

vaccinia

it was formerly called as cowpox but different from the cowpox virus now

107
Q

ENVELOPED

Acquired from cattle, causing human infections characterized by hemorrhagic skin lesions

A

COWPOX VIRUS

108
Q

COWPOX VIRUS

acquired from ____

A

cattle

109
Q

COWPOX VIRUS

causing human infections characterized by ____

A

hemorrhagic skin lesions

110
Q

ENVELOPED

  • less severe than smallpox
  • Zoonotic, often found in tropical rainforests. Squirrels, rabbits, and rodents can be infected.
  • It presents with fever, an extensive characteristic rash and usually swollen lymph nodes
A

MONKEYPOX
Mpox

111
Q

MONKEYPOX

often found in ____

A

tropical rainforest

112
Q

MONKEYPOX

____, ____, ____ can be infected

A

squirrels, rabbits, rodents

113
Q

ENVELOPED

  • Spread by direct and indirect contact
  • Benign epidermal tumor – characterized by small, pink, wart-like tumors on the face, arms, back, and buttocks
  • The skin of late-stage AIDS patients may be covered with many papules.
A

MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM (MCV)

114
Q

MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM (MCV)

spread by

A

direct & indirect contact

115
Q

MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM (MCV)

characterized by small, pink, wart-like tumors on the face, arms, back, and buttocks

A

benign epidermal tumor

116
Q

MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM (MCV)

The skin of ____ may be covered with many papules

A

late-stage AIDS patients

117
Q

MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM (MCV)

TREATMENT

A

NO ESTABLISHED ANTIVIRAL TREATMENT

118
Q

MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM (MCV)

TREATMENT:
immunocompromised

A

cidofovir

119
Q

viruses that has polymerase in the virion

A

Hepadnavirus
Poxvirus

MICROPARA (37 decks)

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