M7 DNA VIRUSES | ENVELOPED Flashcards
1
Q
ENVELOPED VIRUSES
A
Herpes virus
Hepadna virus
Poxvirus
2
Q
ENVELOPED VIRUS
viruses that has icosahedral symmetry
A
Herpes
Hepadna
3
Q
ENVELOPED VIRUS
symmetry of Poxvirus
A
complex symmetry
4
Q
ENVELOPED VIRUS
The diseases are associated with primary infection and reactivated disease by a given virus
Establish latent infection
Virion – spherical, 150-200 nm in diameter (icosahedral)
Genome – double-stranded DNA, linear, 125-240 kbp, reiterated sequences
Proteins – more than 35 proteins in virion
Envelope – contains viral glycoproteins, Fc receptors
Replication – nucleus, bud from nuclear membrane
Outstanding characteristics – encode many enzymes, establish latent infections, persist indefinitely in infected hosts, frequently reactivated in immunosuppressed hosts, some cause cancer
A
HERPES VIRUSES
5
Q
ENVELOPED | HERPES VIRUS
The diseases are associated with ____ and ____ by a given virus
A
PRIMARY INFECTION & REACTIVATED DISEASE
6
Q
ENVELOPED | HERPES VIRUS
can establish ____ infection
A
latent
7
Q
ENVELOPED | HERPES VIRUS
Virion shape and size
A
spherical, 150-200nm
8
Q
ENVELOPED | HERPES VIRUS
Genome
A
double stranded, linear
9
Q
ENVELOPED | HERPES VIRUS
Proteins in virion
A
more than 35
10
Q
ENVELOPED | HERPES VIRUS
Envelope contains
A
viral glycoproteins, Fc receptors
11
Q
ENVELOPED | HERPES VIRUS
Replication happens in the
A
nucleus
12
Q
ENVELOPED | HERPES VIRUS
Replication:
bud from ____
A
nuclear membrane
13
Q
HERPES VIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS
- Gingivostomatitis
- Pharyngotonsillitis
- Cold sores (fever blisters, herpes labialis)
A
OROPHARYNGEAL DISEASE
14
Q
HERPES VIRUS
can herpes viruses be eradicated
A
they cannot be eraidcated because they establish latent infections
15
Q
HERPES VIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS
recurrent lesions of the eye are common and appear as dendritic keratitis or corneal ulcers or as vesicles on the eyelids HSV-2
A
keratoconjunctivitis
16
Q
HERPES VIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS
primary infection of oropharyngeal disease
A
gingivostomatitis
17
Q
HERPES VIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS
reactivated infection of gingivostomatitis
A
cold sores
18
Q
HERPES VIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS
painful vesicular lesions of the male and female genitals and anal area
A
GENITAL HERPES
19
Q
HERPES VIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS
- Herpetic whitlow
- Herpes gladiatorum
- Eczema herpeticum
A
CUTANEOUS INFECTIONS
20
Q
HERPES VIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS | CUTANEOUS INFECTIONS
commonly seen in wrestlers
A
HERPES GLADIATORIUM
21
Q
HERPES VIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS | CUTANEOUS INFECTIONS
commonly seen in nurses
A
HERPETIC WHITLOW
22
Q
HERPES VIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS | CUTANEOUS INFECTIONS
- Kaposi’s varicelliform eruption
- commonly seen in children
A
ECZEMA HERPETICUM
23
Q
HERPES VIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS | CUTANEOUS INFECTIONS
Eczema herpeticum is also called as
A
Kaposi’s varicelliform eruption
24
Q
HERPES VIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS
____ are considered the most common cause of sporadic, fatal encephalitis in the United States.
A
HSV-1 infections
25
# **HERPES VIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS**
may be **acquired** in **utero**, **during** birth, or **after** birth.
* Lesions **localized** to the **skin**, **eye**, and **mouth**
* **Encephalitis** **with or without** localized skin involvement
* **Disseminated** disease involving multiple organs
NEONATAL HERPES
26
# **HERPES VIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS**
The type classically associated with **oropharyngeal** lesions and causes **recurrent attacks** of "**fever blisters**"
HSV-1
27
# **HERPES VIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS**
The type that primarily infects the **genital mucosa** and is **mainly responsible** for **genital herpes**
HSV-2
28
# **HERPES VIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS**
type that can cause **neurologic** disease
both HSV1 & HSV2
29
# **HERPES VIRUS | LATENT INFECTIONS**
ALPHA:
**HSV1**
**HSV2**
**Varicella-zoster**
neurons
30
# **HERPES VIRUS | LATENT INFECTIONS**
BETA:
**Cytomegalovirus**
Glands, kidneys
31
# **HERPES VIRUS | LATENT INFECTIONS**
BETA:
Human herpesvirus **6**
Human herpesvirus **7**
lymphoid tissue
32
# **HERPES VIRUS | LATENT INFECTIONS**
GAMMA:
**Epstein-Barr** virus
**Kaposi sarcoma-associated** herpesvirus
lymphoid tissue
33
# **HERPES VIRUS | TREATMENT**
DRUGS OF CHOICE
Acyclovir
Valacyclovir
Vidarabine
| **note that these drugs prevent only future reccurences, not eradicate**
34
# **ENVELOPED**
* Route of infection – **URT** or **conjunctiva**
* Incubation period – **10-21** days
* Site of Latency – **Cranial** or **thoracic ganglia **
* Diseases
o **Chickenpox**
o **pneumonia** and **encephalitis**
o **Neonatal**
VARICELLA
35
# **VARICELLA**
**Route** of infection
Upper respiratory tract or conjunctiva
36
# **VARICELLA**
incubation period
10 - 21 days
37
# **VARICELLA**
site of **latency**
cranial or thoracic ganglia
38
# **VARICELLA | DISEASE**
* vesicles appear in **crops**, that may occur as **macules**, **papules**, **vesicles**, and **crusts**
* **mild** in **children**; **not** in **adults**
CHICKENPOX
39
**flat** vesicles
macules
40
**elevated** vesicles
papules
41
# **VARICELLA | DISEASE**
Complications in adults
pneumonia & encephalitis
neonatal
42
# **VARICELLA**
it is also known as
chickenpox
43
# **ENVELOPED**
* **Recurrent form** of **Varicella**
* Begins with **severe pain** in the area of **skin** or **mucosa** along the **sensory nerves** and **ganglia**
* Then **crops of vesicles** appears over the skin in the **trunk**, **head**, or **neck**
* **Postherpetic neuralgia (PNH)** – most common complication in elderly
HERPES ZOSTER
44
# **HERPES ZOSTER**
recurrent form of ____
varicella
45
# **HERPES ZOSTER**
disease is known as
shingles
46
# **HERPES ZOSTER**
affects the
sensory nerves & ganglia
47
# **HERPES ZOSTER**
**crops of vesicles appear** over the skin in
trunk, head, neck
48
# **HERPES ZOSTER**
most common **complication** in **elderly**
postherpetic neuralgia (PNH)
49
# **HERPES ZOSTER | TREATMENT**
Varicella is a ____ in **children**
mild disease
50
# **HERPES ZOSTER | TREATMENT**
antiviral drugs
**acy**clovir
**vala**cyclovir
**fam**ciclovir
**foscarnet**
51
# **HERPES ZOSTER | TREATMENT**
**post-exposure** prophylaxis
Varicella-zoster immune globulin (VariZIG)
52
# **HERPES ZOSTER | PREVENTION**
vaccines for **children**
**Live attenuated** varicella vaccine (SC)
53
# **HERPES ZOSTER**
site of **latent infection**
sensory nerves & ganglia
54
# **HERPES ZOSTER | PREVENTION**
vaccines for **adults**
**Herpes Zoster** (**Shingles**) vaccine (SC)
55
# **HERPES ZOSTER | PREVENTION**
can the pharmacists administer vaccines for **children**?
NO, adult vaccines only
56
# **ENVELOPED**
* has **two major strains** (type A & B)
* **Kissing disease**
EBSTEIN-BARR VIRUS (EBV)
57
# **EBSTEIN-BARR VIRUS (EBV)**
two **major strains**
type A & B
58
# **EBSTEIN-BARR VIRUS (EBV)**
**major target cell** of the major strains
B lymphocyte
59
# **EBSTEIN-BARR VIRUS (EBV) | PATHOGENESIS & PATHOLOGY**
**transmitted** by **infected saliva** and **initiates infection** in the **oropharynx**
PRIMARY INFECTION
60
# **EBSTEIN-BARR VIRUS (EBV) | PATHOGENESIS & PATHOLOGY**
PRIMARY INFECTION:
**transmitted** by ____
infected saliva
61
# **EBSTEIN-BARR VIRUS (EBV) | PATHOGENESIS & PATHOLOGY**
PRIMARY INFECTION:
**initiates infection** in the ____
oropharynx
62
# **EBSTEIN-BARR VIRUS (EBV) | CLINICAL FINDINGS**
infectious mononucleosis
kissing disease
63
# **EBSTEIN-BARR VIRUS (EBV) | CLINICAL FINDINGS**
* Burkitt lymphoma
* Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
* Oral hairy leukoplakia
* Hodgkin (Reed-Sternberg cells) and NonHodgkin lymphoma
* Gastric carcinoma
CANCER
64
# **EBSTEIN-BARR VIRUS (EBV) | CLINICAL FINDINGS | CANCER**
* seen in **African children**
* tumor of the **jaw**
BURKITT LYMPHOMA
65
# **EBSTEIN-BARR VIRUS (EBV) | CLINICAL FINDINGS | CANCER**
a cancer of **epithelial cells** and common in **male Chinese** people
NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA
66
# **EBSTEIN-BARR VIRUS (EBV) | CLINICAL FINDINGS | CANCER**
a **wart-like growth** in **tongue** among **AIDS patients**
ORAL HAIRY LEUKOPLAKIA
67
# **EBSTEIN-BARR VIRUS (EBV)**
they **first discovered** that viruses can cause ____
cancer
68
# **EBSTEIN-BARR VIRUS (EBV) | TREATMENT**
DRUG OF CHOICE
reduce the **shedding** of virus
acyclovir
69
# **ENVELOPED**
* can cause **enlargement** of the **infected cell**
* site of latency - **monocytes**
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS
70
# **CYTOMEGALOVIRUS**
CMV infections can **manifest** as ____
cytomegalic inclusion disease
71
# **CYTOMEGALOVIRUS**
site of latency
glands, kidneys & monocytes
72
# **CYTOMEGALOVIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS**
**Heterophil-negative** (**non-EBV**) mononucleosis
NORMAL HOSTS
73
# **CYTOMEGALOVIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS**
* **Pneumonia**, **colitis**, **retinitis** or **hepatitis**, or cause **disseminated** infection
* **Virus-associated leukopenia** in solid **organ transplant recipients**
IMMUNOCOMPROMISED HOSTS
74
# **CYTOMEGALOVIRUS | CLINICAL FINDINGS**
* **mental retardation**, **blindness**, **deafness**
* cytomegalic inclusion disease of the **newborns**
CONGENITAL & PERINATAL INFECTIONS
75
# **CYTOMEGALOVIRUS | TREATMENT**
* CMV infections in **immunosuppressed**
* CMV **retinitis**, **esophagitis**, and **colitis**
* **Disseminated** disease
* **Congenital** infections
GANCICLOVIR
76
# **CYTOMEGALOVIRUS | TREATMENT**
CMV **retinitis** and **ganciclovir-resistant** CMV strains
CIDOFOVIR
FOSCARNET
77
# **OTHER HERPES VIRUS**
causes **exanthem subitum** (roseola infantum, or "**sixth disease**")
Human Herpesvirus 6
78
# **OTHER HERPES VIRUS**
causes **roseola infantum** in **infants** and **young children**
Human Herpesvirus 7
79
# **OTHER HERPES VIRUS**
**kaposi's sarcoma-associated** herpesvirus, KSHV
Human Herpesvirus 8
80
# **OTHER HERPESVIRUS | TREATMENT**
Human Herpesvirus **8**
**kaposi's sarcoma-associated** herpesvirus, KSHV
foscarnet
famciclovir
ganciclovir
cidofovir
81
# **OTHER HERPES VIRUS**
**roseala infantum** is also called as
sixth disease
82
# **OTHER HERPES VIRUS**
**acute ascending myelitis** and **encephalomyelitis**
Herpes B virus
83
# **OTHER HERPES VIRUS**
**Herpes B** virus DOC
acyclovir
84
* **largest** and **most complex** of viruses infecting humans.
* Infections are characterized by a **rash**
* Virion – **complex** structure, **oval** or **brick** shaped, **300-400 nm** in **length** x **230 nm** in **diameter**, **external** surface shows **ridges**; contains **core** and **lateral bodies**
* Composition – **DNA (3%)**, **protein (90%)**, **lipid (5%)**
* Genome – **double**-stranded DNA, **linear**; size, 130-375 kbp; has **terminal loops**; has **low** G+ C content (30-40%) **except** for Parapoxvirus (63%)
* Proteins – **virions** contain **more than 100** polypeptides; **many** enzymes are **present** in **core**, including **transcriptional system**
* Envelope – virion **assembly** involves **formation of multiple membranes**
* Replication – **cytoplasmic factories**
* Outstanding characteristics – **large** and **complex** viruses; **very resistant** to **inactivation**; **virus encoded proteins** help **evade host immune defense system**; **smallpox** was the **first viral disease eradicated** from the world
POXVIRUS
85
# **POXVIRUS**
Poxviruses are the ____ and ____ of viruses **infecting humans**
largest and most complex
86
# **POXVIRUS**
**common clinical manifestation** among all poxviruses
rash
87
# **POXVIRUS**
Virion:
**shape**
complex, oval or brick-shaped
88
# **POXVIRUS**
VIRION:
**size** (length & diameter)
400nm length
230nm diameter
89
# **POXVIRUS**
VIRION:
**external surface** shows ____
ridges
90
# **POXVIRUS**
VIRION:
contains ____ and ____
core & lateral bodies
91
# **POXVIRUS**
composition
DNA 3%
protein 90%
lipid 5%
92
# **POXVIRUS**
GENOME:
has ____
terminal loops
93
# **POXVIRUS**
PROTEINS:
virions contain ____ **polypeptides**
more than 100
94
# **POXVIRUS**
PROTEINS:
**many** enzymes are **present** in ____, including **transcriptional system**
core
95
# **POXVIRUS**
ENVELOPE:
virion **assembly** involves ____
formation of multiple membranes
96
# **POXVIRUS**
replication
cytoplasmic factories
97
# **POXVIRUS**
**first viral disease** to be **eradicated** from the **world**
smallpox
98
* **Variola** virus
* has **two** types: **Major** & **Minor**
* Portal of **entry** – **Upper Respiratory Tract** (**blood**)
* Characterized by the **sudden onset of fever** and per **malaise**, followed by **rash**
SMALLPOX
99
# **SMALLPOX**
____ virus
variola
100
# **SMALLPOX**
portal of entry
URT (blood)
101
# **SMALLPOX**
**more** virulent type
Major
102
# **SMALLPOX**
DOC
Methisazone
cidofovir
103
# **SMALLPOX**
drug used as **prophylaxis**
Methisazone
104
# **SMALLPOX**
Prevention
Live attenuated **vaccinia** virus
105
# **SMALLPOX**
the **vaccinia** is identified by
Edward Jenner
106
# **SMALLPOX**
the **virus used** by Edward Jenner for the vaccine for **smallpox** virus
vaccinia
| it was formerly called as cowpox but different from the cowpox virus now
107
# **ENVELOPED**
Acquired from **cattle**, causing human infections characterized by **hemorrhagic skin lesions**
COWPOX VIRUS
108
# **COWPOX VIRUS**
acquired from ____
cattle
109
# **COWPOX VIRUS**
causing **human infections** characterized by ____
hemorrhagic skin lesions
110
# **ENVELOPED**
* **less severe** than smallpox
* **Zoonotic**, often found in **tropical rainforests**. **Squirrels**, **rabbits**, and **rodents** can be infected.
* It presents with **fever**, an extensive characteristic **rash** and usually **swollen lymph nodes**
MONKEYPOX
Mpox
111
# **MONKEYPOX**
often found in ____
tropical rainforest
112
# **MONKEYPOX**
____, ____, ____ can be infected
squirrels, rabbits, rodents
113
# **ENVELOPED**
* **Spread** by **direct** and **indirect** contact
* **Benign epidermal tumor** – characterized by small, pink, wart-like tumors on the face, arms, back, and buttocks
* The **skin** of **late-stage AIDS patients** may be **covered** with **many papules**.
MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM (MCV)
114
# **MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM (MCV)**
spread by
direct & indirect contact
115
# **MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM (MCV)**
characterized by small, **pink**, **wart-like tumors** on the **face**, **arms**, **back**, and **buttocks**
benign epidermal tumor
116
# **MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM (MCV)**
The **skin** of ____ may be **covered** with **many papules**
late-stage AIDS patients
117
# **MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM (MCV)**
TREATMENT
NO ESTABLISHED ANTIVIRAL TREATMENT
118
# **MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM (MCV)**
TREATMENT:
**immunocompromised**
cidofovir
119
viruses that **has polymerase** in the **virion**
**Hepadna**virus
**Pox**virus
