M5 PART 7 Flashcards by CHESKA CIANNELLE FRANCISCO

Transmission of infectious diseases involving animal hosts or vectors are called as ____ and ____

vector-borne
zoonotic diseases

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____ typically insects, ticks, or mites are capable of carrying a pathogen from one host to another, generally with increased virulence of the pathogen in the vector

vectors

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____ are transmitted from animals to humans by either contact with the animals or through vectors that carry zoonotic pathogens from animals to humans

zoonoses

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Obligate intracellular pathogen
Aerobic, non-motile, and nonspore forming
multiply inside the macrophage

BRUCELLAE

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BRUCELLAE

most severe human infection is brought about by

(acquired from goat)

BRUCELLA MELITENSIS

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BRUCELLAE

swine, chronic infections

BRUCELLA SUIS

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BRUCELLA

cattle

BRUCELLA ABORTUS

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BRUCELLA

dogs

BRUCELLA CANIS

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BRUCELLA | TRANSMISSION

vehicle is cheese made up of unpasteurized goat milk

INTESTINAL TRACT

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BRUCELLA | TRANSMISSION

Mucous membrane

DROPLET TRANSMISSION

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BRUCELLA

PORTAL OF ENTRY

lymphatic channels & regional lymph nodes

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BRUCELLA

a growth factor for Brucellae present in the placentas and fetal membranes of cattle, swine, sheep, and goats
absent in human

ERYTHRITOL

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BRUCELLA

incubation period

1 - 4 weeks

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BRUCELLA

DISEASE

BRUCELLOSIS
(undulant fever, malta fever)

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BRUCELLA

Brucellosis is called undulant because

the pattern of fever is rising & falling

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BRUCELLAE

Brucellosis is also called

undulant fever
malta fever

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BRUCELLAE

oxygen requirement

aerobic

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BRUCELLAE

motility

nonmotile

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BRUCELLAE

Characterized by malaise, fever, weakness, aches, and sweats
Enlarged lymph nodes, spleen, and liver
After the initial infection, a chronic stage may develop

BRUCELLOSIS
(undulant fever, malta fever)

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BRUCELLAE

Drug of choice

tetracycline
rifampin

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FRANCISELLA

most important specie

FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS

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FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS

SHAPE

COCCOBACILLUS

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FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS

most virulent type

tularensis type A

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FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS

subspecies

tularensis type A
holarctica type B
mediasiatica

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# **FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS** growth medium

enriched media w/ cysteine

# **FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS** because it is **highly infectious**, it is used as what agent

bioterrorism agent

# **FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS** transmission

vectors direct contact w animals inhalation ingestion (rare)

# **FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS** VECTORS

RABBITS

# **FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS | DISEASES** * **75%** of the cases, **ulcerating papule** * kung saan kumagat ang vector, doon magkakaron ng ulceration & will spread to regional lymph nodes

ULCEROGLANDULAR TULAREMIA

# **FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS | DISEASES** * **inhalation** of an **infective aerosol** * **bronchial** infection * **pneumonitis** * happens when organisms are **inhaled**

PNEUMONIC TULAREMIA

# **FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS | DISEASES** * a **droplet touches** the **conjunctiva** of the **eye** * **yellowish granulomatous** lesions on the **eyelids**

OCULOGLANDULAR TULAREMIA

# **FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS | DISEASES** **no ulceration**, only **lymph nodes** are **affected**

GLANDULAR TULAREMIA

# **FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS | DISEASES** Upper Respiratory Tract

OROPHARYNGEAL TULAREMIA

# **FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS | DISEASES** typhoid fever

TYPHOIDAL TULAREMIA (septicemia)

# **FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS** DRUG OF CHOICE

Streptomycin Gentamicin

* Gram-**negative** rod that exhibits striking **bipolar staining **with special stains such as **Wright**, **Giemsa**, **Wayson**, or **methylene blue** * **Non**motile * Growth is **more rapid** at **28°C** * A **potential biological warfare agent** – low ID 50 * Looks like a **safety pin** or **hair pin** wherein the center appears to be clear

YERSINIA PESTIS

# **YERSINIA PESTIS | ANTIGENIC STRUCTURES** **endo**toxin

LPS

# **YERSINIA PESTIS | ANTIGENIC STRUCTURES** **exo**toxin

type III secretion systems

# **YERSINIA PESTIS | ANTIGENIC STRUCTURES** allow the microorganism to **survive** and **grow intracellularly**

V & W antigens

# **YERSINIA PESTIS** vector

FLEA

# **YERSINIA PESTIS | DISEASES** DISEASE

Plague "**Black death**"

# **YERSINIA PESTIS | DISEASES** * Incubation period: **2 – 7 days** * Sudden onset of **high fever** and **lymphadenopathy** * **Bite site** → enlarged lymph nodes (**buboes**) in the **neck**, **groin**, or **axilla** * **Majority** of the cases of plague

BUBONIC PLAGUE

# **YERSINIA PESTIS | DISEASES** enlarged lymph nodes are calles

BUBOES

# **YERSINIA PESTIS | DISEASES** * There is a sudden onset of **high fever**, **chills**, and **weakness** * Disease progression may** lead to septic shock** with associated disseminated **intravascular coagulation (DIC)**, **hypotension (septic shock)**, **altered mental status**, and **renal and cardiac failure**

SEPTICEMIC PLAGUE

# **YERSINIA PESTIS | DISEASES** * Acquired by **direct inhalation** of organisms into the lungs. * Characterized by **chest pain**, **cough**, **hemoptysis**, and **severe respiratory distress**.

PRIMARY PNEUMONIC PLAGUE

# **YERSINIA PESTIS | DISEASES** A complication in approximately **10%** of patients with bubonic plague

SECONDARY PNEUMONIC PLAGUE

# **YERSINIA PESTIS** DRUG OF CHOICE

STREPTOMYCIN

# **YERSINIA** typically causes **enterocolitis** and early symptoms include fever, abdominal pain, and diarrhea; **grows best** and **motile** at **25 deg C**, but **not at 37 deg C**; may cause **mild diarrhea** that is usually self-limiting

YERSINIA ENTEROCOLITICA

# **YERSINIA** presents clinically as **mesenteric adenitis**, an **acute appendicitis-like** syndrome; **grows best** and **motile** at **25 deg C**, but **not at 37 deg C**; may cause **mild diarrhea** that is usually self-limiting

YERSINIA PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS

* **Non**motile, Gram-negative **coccobacilli** with a **bipolar appearance** * Transmitted by **bites** and **scratches** from **cats** and **dogs** * Acute onset of **redness**, **swelling**, and **pain** * **Regional lymphadenopathy** and **low-grade fever**

PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA

# **PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA** shape

coccobacilli

# **PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA** transmission

bites & scratches from cats & dogs

# **PASTEURELLA MULTOCIDA** DRUG OF CHOICE

PENICILLIN G

* **Intracellular**, Gram-**negative** rods * **Pleomorphic**, **slow growing** * **Difficult to isolate** in the laboratory * They can be seen using **Warthin-Starry silver impregnation stain** (small, black, **curved** organism either as a single of clusters of organisms)

BARTONELLA

# **BARTONELLA** shape

curved, pleomorphic

# **BARTONELLA** stain

Warthin-Starry silver stain

The organism **produces deformin** to promote **deformity of RBC** cell membranes, and flagella to **invade red blood cells**.

BARTONELLA BACILLIFORMIS

# **BARTONELLA BACILLIFORMIS** produces ____

deformin

# **BARTONELLA BACILLIFORMIS** targets ____

red blood cells

# **BARTONELLA BACILLIFORMIS** how many stages of disease

# **BARTONELLA BACILLIFORMIS** vector

sandfly

# **BARTONELLA BACILLIFORMIS | DISEASE** a **serious** infectious **anemia**

OROYA FEVER

# **BARTONELLA BACILLIFORMIS | DISEASE** **eruptive stage** (successive crops appear on the skin), **may last for 1 year**

VERRUGA PERUANA

# **BARTONELLA BACILLIFORMIS** DRUG OF CHOICE

CIPROFLOXACIN

# **BARTONELLA HENSELAE** transmission

contact w/ infected **cats**

# **BARTONELLA HENSELAE** DISEASE

CAT-SCRATCH DISEASE

# **BARTONELLA HENSELAE | DISEASES** * A **primary skin lesion** (papule or pustule) develops at the site * Disease is characterized by **fever** and **tender**, **enlarged lymph nodes** * Common in **immunocompetent** individuals

CAT SCRATCH DISEASE

# **BARTONELLA HENSELAE | DISEASES** * A disease predominantly of **immunosuppressed** individuals (**AIDS** patients) * It presents as an **enlarging red (cranberry-like) papule**, often with **surrounding scale** and **erythema**.

BACILLARY ANGIOMATOSIS

# **BARTONELLA HENSELAE | DISEASES** **lesions** occur primarily in the **liver** and **spleen**

**PELIOSIS** HEPATIS (BACILLARY **PELIOSIS**)

# **BARTONELLA QUINTANA** reservoirs

humans & body louse

# **BARTONELLA QUINTANA** DISEASE

Trench fever (quintan fever)

# **BARTONELLA QUINTANA** a common disease during the **first world war**

Trench fever (quintan fever)

* Characterized by sudden onset of fever accompanied by **headache**, **malaise**, **restlessness**, and **shin pain**. * **Five-day fever** (**periodic relapses** of 5 days) * More frequently seen at present as a cause of **endocarditis** and **bacteremia** in **homeless individuals**

TRENCH FEVER (quintan fever)

* **Reservoirs**: Humans and body louse * **Disease**: Trench fever (also known as quintan fever)

BARTONELLA QUINTANA