ARTHROPOD & RODENT BORNE Flashcards by CHESKA CIANNELLE FRANCISCO

Q

transmitted by bloodsucking arthropods from one vertebrate host to another
multiply in the tissues of arthropods without causing a disease/damage but establish life long infection

A

ARBOVIRUS

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Q

ARBOVIRUS

transmitted by ____ arhtropods

A

bloodsucking

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Q

transmission from rodent to rodent without participation of arthropod vectors
contact with body fluids or excretion

A

ROBOVIRUS

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Q

Fevers of an undifferentiated type with or without a maculopapular rash and usually benign
Encephalitis
Hemorrhagic fevers

A

ARBOVIRUS

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Q

ARBOVIRUS

disease is observed only in

A

humans

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Q

ARBOVIRUS

humans are considered as

A

dead end host

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Q

ARBOVIRUS

only ____ serve as vectors

A

females

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Q

ARBOVIRUS

____ is also possible
mother tick to baby tick

A

transovarian transmission

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Q

ARBOVIRUS CAUSING ENCEPHALITIS

Family: Togavirus
Vector: Culex mosquito

A

EASTERN & WESTERN EQUINE ENCEPHALITIS

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Q

ARBOVIRUS CAUSING ENCEPHALITIS

most severe causing encephalitis with high case of fatality
seen in rural areas

A

Eastern encephalitis

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Q

ARBOVIRUS CAUSING ENCEPHALITIS

more prominent in urban areas
moderately severe encephalitis

A

St. Louis

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Q

ARBOVIRUS CAUSING ENCEPHALITIS

common cause of encephalitis and meningitis in US in ages over 60 years old

A

West Nile

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Q

ARBOVIRUS CAUSING ENCEPHALITIS

leading cause of viral encephalitis

A

Japanese B

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Q

ARBOVIRUS CAUSING ENCEPHALITIS

Family: Flavivirus
Vector: Ixodes tick

A

Tick-borne

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Q

ARBOVIRUS CAUSING ENCEPHALITIS

Family: Bunyavirus
Vector: Aedes mosquito

A

California

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Q

ARBOVIRUS CAUSING ENCEPHALITIS

most important type of California encephalitis

A

La Crosse virus

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Q

ARBOVIRUS

From Flavivirus
Vector – Aedes mosquito
characterized by fever and jaundice
May range from mild to severe form of disease
Two distinct cycles

A

YELLOW FEVER

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Q

ARBOVIRUS | YELLOW FEVER

family

A

Flavivirus

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Q

ARBOVIRUS | YELLOW FEVER

vector

A

aedes mosquito

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Q

ARBOVIRUS | YELLOW FEVER

characterized by

A

fever & jaundice

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Q

ARBOVIRUS | YELLOW FEVER

may range from ____ form of disease

A

mild to severe

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Q

ARBOVIRUS | YELLOW FEVER

disease of the monkeys

A

jungle yellow fever

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Q

ARBOVIRUS | YELLOW FEVER

disease of humans

A

urban yellow fever

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Q

ARBOVIRUS | YELLOW FEVER

PREVENTION

A

live attenuated yellow fever virus vaccine

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# **ARBOVIRUS | DENGUE VIRUS** family

flavivirus

# **ARBOVIRUS | DENGUE VIRUS** vector

aedes mosquito

# **ARBOVIRUS | DENGUE VIRUS** * **self limiting** * Onset of fever (**2 – 7 days**), malaise, chills, and HA * fever may **subside** on the **3rd day** and may **rise again** * **Pain** in the **back joints** (deep bone pain), **muscles** (myalgia), and eyeballs * **Rashes** may appear on the **3rd day** * **Lymph nodes** are **enlarged**

classing dengue fever (breakbone fever)

# **ARBOVIRUS | DENGUE VIRUS** **classic** dengue fever is also called

breakbone fever

# **ARBOVIRUS | DENGUE VIRUS** reservoir

humans

# **ARBOVIRUS | DENGUE VIRUS** how many serotypes

4

# **ARBOVIRUS** **most common insect borne disease** in the world

dengue fever

# **ARBOVIRUS | DENGUE VIRUS** **classic chaarcteristics** of dengue

pain in bakc joints, muscles, eyeballs

# **ARBOVIRUS | DENGUE VIRUS** * Dengue **shock syndrome** * **Initial** symptoms **resemble classic** dengue (shock) * infected initially with 1st serotype; patient survived * becomes infected again by the 2nd serotype, occurence of **cross activity** resulting to **hemorrhage** and may lead to shock if not addressed

Dengue hemorrhagic fever

# **ARBOVIRUSES CAUSING FEVER** * Family: **Togavirus** * Vector: **Aedes** * **resembles** dengue * more likely to cause **fever**, **rashes** and **severe joint pain**

CHIKUNGUNYA

# **ARBOVIRUSES CAUSING FEVER** * Family: **Flavivirus** * Vector: **Aedes** * presentation is **similar to dengue** * can be transmitted **vertically** from **mother to fetus** * affect other organs (**brain**) * fetal abnormalities may arise in **1st trimester** (**microcephaly**)

ZIKA VIRUS

# **ARBOVIRUSES CAUSING FEVER** Family: **Bunyavirus** Vector: **Phlebotomus sandfly**

Sandfly fever virus

# **ARBOVIRUSES CAUSING FEVER** * Family: **Bunyavirus** * Vector: **Phlebotomus sandfly** * **mild febrile illness**

Rift valley fever

# **ARBOVIRUSES CAUSING FEVER** * Family: **Reovirus** (Coltivirus) * Vectors: **Dermacentor tick** * common in **hikers/campers** in **rocky mountains** * fever is **diphasic** (after 2 days patient will feel better; symptoms will reappear that may last **3-4 weeks**)

Colorado tick fever

# **ARBOVIRUSES CAUSING FEVER** **Colorado** tick fever is also called as

mountain fever

# **ROBOVIRUSES** * Genus **Hantavirus** * **Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome** (HFRS) * **Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome** (HPS)

BUNYAVIRUSES

# **ROBOVIRUSES | BUNYAVIRUS** genus

hantavirus

# **ROBOVIRUSES | BUNYAVIRUS** * an **acute infection** causing **interstitial nephritis** that can lead to **acute renal insufficiency** and **generalized hemorrhage and shock** * Transmitted by **urban rats** * Viruses includes ▪ **Hantaan virus and Dobrava virus** (Asia and Europe) ▪ **Seoul virus** (Eurasia)

hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS)

# **ROBOVIRUSES | BUNYAVIRUS | HEMORRHAGIC WITH RENAL** transmitted by

urban rats

# **ROBOVIRUSES | BUNYAVIRUS | HEMORRHAGIC WITH RENAL** causes

interstitial nephritis

# **ROBOVIRUSES | BUNYAVIRUS | HEMORRHAGIC WITH RENAL** interstitial nephritis can lead to

acute renal insufficiency & generalized hemorrhage and shock

# **ROBOVIRUSES | BUNYAVIRUS | HEMORRHAGIC WITH RENAL** VIRUSES CAUSING HFRS: **Asia** & **Europe**

Hantaan virus & Dobrava virus

# **ROBOVIRUSES | BUNYAVIRUS | HEMORRHAGIC WITH RENAL** VIRUS CAUSING HFRS: **Eurasia**

Seoul virus

# **ROBOVIRUSES | BUNYAVIRUS** * begins with fever, HA, and myalgia followed by **rapidly progressing pulmonary edema** that leads to a **severe respiratory compromise** * **Sin Nombre virus (North America)** whose rodent reservoir is the deer mouse * **New York virus**, **Black Creek Canal virus**, **Bayou virus** in ****US * **Andes** virus in **Argentina** and **Chile** * **Choclo** virus in **Panama**

hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

# **ROBOVIRUSES | BUNYAVIRUS | HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME** clinical manifestation

pulmonary edema

# **ROBOVIRUSES | BUNYAVIRUS | HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME** pulmonary edema leads to a

severe respiratory compromise

# **ROBOVIRUSES | BUNYAVIRUS | HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME** **North america** Rodent: **deer mouse**

Sin Nombre virus

# **ROBOVIRUSES | BUNYAVIRUS | HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME** **Sin Nombre** virus **rodent**

deer mouse

# **ROBOVIRUSES | BUNYAVIRUS | HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME** viruses in **US**

New york Black creek canal Bayou

# **ROBOVIRUSES | BUNYAVIRUS | HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME** **Argentina** and **Chile**

Andes virus

# **ROBOVIRUSES | BUNYAVIRUS | HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME** Panama

Choclo

# **ROBOVIRUSES** * name means **SAND** - describes the **presence** of **granules** (nonfunctional ribosomes) in cytoplasm of the virion * **Pleomorphic** particles with **segmented** RNA genome (**negative**); are surrounded by an **envelope** * **Lassa fever virus** * **Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCM)**

ARENAVIRUS

# **ROBOVIRUSES | ARENAVIRUS** the **granules** present in the cytoplasm of the virion are

nonfunctional ribosomes

# **ROBOVIRUSES | ARENAVIRUS** The disease is characterized by **very high fever**, mouth ulcers, severe muscle aches, skin rash with hemorrhages, **pneumonia**, and **heart** and **kidney** damage

Lassa fever virus

# **ROBOVIRUSES | ARENAVIRUS** Lassa fever virus **DOC**

ribavirin

# **ROBOVIRUSES | ARENAVIRUS** * Transmitted to humans via **mouse droppings** * May cause **aseptic meningitis** or a **mild systemic influenza-like illness** * can be transmitted **vertically**

Lymphocytic Choriomeningits Virus (LCM)

# **ROBOVIRUSES | ARENAVIRUS | LYMPHOCYTIC** transmitted via

mouse droppings

# **ROBOVIRUSES | ARENAVIRUS | LYMPHOCYTIC** * **rare** case * **cannot be distinguished** from the more frequent viral causes of the disease

aseptic meningitis

# **ROBOVIRUSES | ARENAVIRUS | LYMPHOCYTIC** may be **serious** in people with **impaired immune system**

mild systemic influenza like illness