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MICROPARA > M7 INTRO > Flashcards

M7 INTRO Flashcards

1
Q

VIRUSES

small infectious agents:
size

A

20 to 300nm

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2
Q
  • Small infectious agents (20 to 300 nm)
  • Contain only one kind of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)
  • Obligate intracellular parasites (they cannot replicate outside the cells)
  • Responsible for a number of dreadful diseases in humans like Spanish flu (1918), Polio, SARS, Ebola, COVID-19 Pandemic (2020)
  • Called as filterable agents (they can pass through the membrane filter)
A

VIRUSES

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3
Q

VIRUSES

contain what kind of nucleic acid

A

either DNA or RNA but never both

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4
Q

VIRUSES

type of parasites in terms of replication

A

obligate intracellular

they must enter a cell to replicate

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5
Q

VIRUSES | TYPES OF SYMMETRY

determines the symmetry

A

CAPSID

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6
Q

VIRUSES | TYPES OF SYMMETRY

20 triangular phases

A

cubic symmetry with icosahedral pattern

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7
Q

VIRUSES | TYPES OF SYMMETRY

symmetry is coils

A

helical symmetry

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8
Q

VIRUSES | TYPES OF SYMMETRY

with complicated symmetry

A

complex structures

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9
Q

VIRUSES | VIRAL PROTEINS

  • Facilitate transfer of the viral nucleic acid
  • Protect the genome
  • Attachment of the virus particle
  • Determine structural symmetry
A

STRUCTURAL PROTEINS

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10
Q

VIRUSES

  • Determines the antigenic characteristics of the virus
  • Some viruses carry enzymes to initiate viral replication
A

VIRAL PROTEINS

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11
Q

VIRUSES | VIRAL PROTEINS

Determines the ____ of the virus

A

ANTIGENIC CHARACTERISTICS

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12
Q

VIRUSES | VIRAL PROTEINS

Some viruses carry enzymes to ____

A

INITIATE VIRAL REPLICATION

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13
Q

VIRUSES

DNA virus
RNA viruses

A

viral nucleic acids

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14
Q

VIRUSES | VIRAL PROTEINS

what protects the genome

A

CAPSID

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15
Q

VIRUSES | VIRAL NUCLEIC ACIDS

  • can be single- or double- stranded
  • only agent that can be single- or double-stranded
A

DNA virus

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16
Q

VIRUSES | VIRAL NUCLEIC ACIDS

  • as a single molecule or in several pieces (segmented);
  • e.g., influenza and rotauis virus (segmented)

in pieces

A

RNA viruses

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17
Q

VIRUSES | VIRAL NUCLEIC ACIDS

____ RNA can directly undergo translation

A

positive

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18
Q

VIRUSES

  • A lipid-containing membrane that surrounds some virus particles.
  • It is acquired during viral maturation by a budding process through a cellular membrane
  • contain glycoproteins
A

VIRAL ENVELOPE

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19
Q

VIRUSES | VIRAL ENVELOPE

A ____ that surrounds some virus particles

A

LIPID-CONTAINING MEMBRANE

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20
Q

VIRUSES | VIRAL ENVELOPE

It is acquired during viral maturation by a ____ through a cellular membrane

A

BUDDING PROCESS

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21
Q

VIRUSES | VIRAL ENVELOPE

contains ____

A

GLYCOPROTEINS

22
Q

VIRUSES | VIRAL REPLICATION

Not all infections lead to a ____

A

PROGENY VIRUS

23
Q

VIRUSES | VIRAL ENVELOPE

viruses that do not have envelope

A

NAKED

24
Q

VIRUSES | VIRAL ENVELOPE

all ____ viruses have envelope

A

helical

25
Q

VIRUSES | VIRAL ENVELOPE

icosahedral

A

either enveloped or naked

26
Q

VIRUSES | VIRAL REPLICATION

a new viral particle formed after replication

A

PROGENY VIRUS

27
Q

VIRUSES | VIRAL REPLICATION

____ result in the production of
progeny virus

A

PRODUCTIVE INFECTIONS

28
Q

VIRUSES | VIRAL REPLICATION

____ fail to produce infectious
progeny

A

ABORTIVE INFECTIONS

29
Q

VIRUSES | VIRAL REPLICATION

STEPS IN VIRAL REPLICATION

A
  1. Attachment
  2. Penetration
  3. Uncoating
  4. Expression of Viral Genomes and Synthesis of Viral Components Maturation virion
  5. Morphogenesis (or maturation) and Release
30
Q

VIRUSES | VIRAL REPLICATION

a mature viral particle

A

VIRION

31
Q

VIRUSES | VIRAL REPLICATION

Attachment of a virion to a s____ on a cell

A

SPECIFIC RECEPTOR SITE

32
Q

VIRUSES | VIRAL REPLICATION

Penetration by ____

A

RECEPTOR-MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS

33
Q

VIRUSES | VIRAL REPLICATION

direct penetration or fusion
with ____ envelop

A

PLASMA MEMBRANE

34
Q

VIRUSES | VIRAL REPLICATION

in PENETRATION, the virus will be enclosed in an ____

A

endosome

35
Q

VIRUSES | VIRAL REPLICATION

where the viral nucleic acid is physically separated from its protein coat

A

UNCOATING

36
Q

VIRUSES | VIRAL REPLICATION

MORPHOGENESIS & RELEASE:
Non-enveloped viruses are released by

A

LYSES

37
Q

VIRUSES | VIRAL REPLICATION

MORPHOGENESIS & RELEASE:
Enveloped viruses are released by

A

BUDDING

38
Q

VIRUSES | VIRAL REPLICATION

morphogenesis is also called

A

maturation

39
Q

VIRUSES | VIRAL REPLICATION

viruses can replicate in ____ or ____ of the host cell

A

nucleus or cytoplasm

40
Q
  • a virus that can infect bacteria
  • has head & tail
A

bacteriophage

41
Q

VIRUSES | VIRAL REPLICATION

Viral replication process of BACTERIOPHAGE

A

Attachment
Penetration (DNA is injected)
Biosynthesis
Maturation
Release

42
Q

VIRUSES | ATYPICAL VIRUS-LIKE AGENTS

composed of a viral nucleic acid and proteins but cannot replicate without a helper virus, which provides a missing action

A

DEFECTIVE VIRUSES

43
Q

VIRUSES | VIRAL NUCLEIC ACIDS

____ RNA cannot directly undergo translation

A

negative

44
Q

VIRUSES | ATYPICAL VIRUS-LIKE AGENTS

an example of defective virus

A

HEPATITIS D

45
Q

VIRUSES | ATYPICAL VIRUS-LIKE AGENTS

what is the helper virus of Hepatitis D

A

Lepa B adenovirus

46
Q

VIRUSES | ATYPICAL VIRUS-LIKE AGENTS

  • contain the host’s DNA instead of the viral DNA within the capsid
  • can infect but cannot replicate
A

PSEUDOVIRIONS

47
Q

VIRUSES | ATYPICAL VIRUS-LIKE AGENTS

an example of pseudovirion

A

Lepa B adenovirus

48
Q

VIRUSES | ATYPICAL VIRUS-LIKE AGENTS

  • consist solely of a single molecule of circular RNA without a protein coat or envelope
  • targets plants
A

VIROID

49
Q

VIRUSES | ATYPICAL VIRUS-LIKE AGENTS

  • Infectious particles that are composed solely of proteins with no detectable nucleic acid
  • TSF diseases
A

PRIONS

50
Q

VIRUSES | ATYPICAL VIRUS-LIKE AGENTS

  • “viruses-infecting bacteria”
  • Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies
A

BACTERIOPHAGE

MICROPARA (37 decks)

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