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MICROPARA > M5 PART 8 > Flashcards

M5 PART 8 Flashcards

1
Q
  • They are rod-shaped, aerobic bacteria that do not form spores.
  • Produce ghost cells using gram staining, cannot be visualize in gram staining
  • The Ziehl-Neelsen technique of staining is used for identification of acid-fast bacteria.
  • Weakly acid-fast
A

MYOBACTERIA

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2
Q

MYOBACTERIA

staining used

A

ZIEHL-NEELSEN

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3
Q

MYOBACTERIA

oxygen requirement

A

AEROBIC

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4
Q

MYOBACTERIA

shape

A

rod-shaped

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5
Q

what makes MYOBACTERIA unique

A

its cell wall has mycolic acid

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6
Q

MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS

also known as

A

TUBERCLE BACILLI
(KOCH’S BACILLUS)

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7
Q

MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS

oxygen requirement

A

obligate aerobe

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8
Q

MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS

generation time

A

18 hours

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9
Q

MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS

culture media:
for large inoculum

A

semi-synthetic agar
Middlebrook 7H10 & 7H11

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10
Q

MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS

culture media:
for small inoculum

A

broth media
Middlebrook 7H9 & 7H12

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11
Q

MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS

culture media:
inspissated egg media

A

Lowenstein-Jensen w/ malachite green

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12
Q

MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS

has protein component which serves as a source of nutrient of Tubercle bacilli

A

LOWENSTEIN-JENSEN

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13
Q

Constituents of Tubercle Bacilli

mycolic acids, waxes, and phosphatides

A

LIPIDS

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14
Q

Constituents of Tubercle Bacilli

obsrved only in virulent strains of Mycobacteria

nonvirulent/avirulent does not have this

A

CORD FACTOR
(serpentine cords)

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15
Q

Constituents of Tubercle Bacilli

Cord factor is also known as

A

serpentine cords

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16
Q

Constituents of Tubercle Bacilli

used for tuberculin skin test to exhibit delayed hypersensitivity reaction, exhibit type 4 hypersensitivity reaction

A

PURIFIED PROTEIN DERIVATIVES (PPD)

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17
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Tubercle Bacilli

has how many principal lesions

A

2

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18
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis | PATHOLOGY

  • acute inflammation with edema
  • Initial site of infection: Lungs
  • Tuberculin test positive
  • Seen in the lungs where it may resemble bacterial pneumonia
  • May heal, result on its own, or lead to necrosis of the tissue that is infected
  • May lead to proliferative type
A

EXUDATIVE LESION

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19
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis | PATHOLOGY

EXUDATIVE LESION:
initial site of infection

A

LUNGS

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20
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis | PATHOLOGY

EXUDATIVE LESION:
seen in the lungs where it may resemble ____

A

BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA

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21
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis | PATHOLOGY

there is chronic granuloma consist of a central area of giant cells (Langhans’ giant cells) containing tubercle bacilli

A

PRODUCTIVE (PROLIFERATIVE) TYPE

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22
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis | PATHOLOGY

  • An acute exudative lesion develops and rapidly spreads to the lymphatics and regional lymph nodes.
  • The lymph node undergoes massive caseation, which usually calcifies (Ghon lesion).
  • The tuberculin test result becomes positive.
A

PRIMARY INFECTION

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23
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis | PATHOLOGY

  • It is caused by tubercle bacilli that have survived in a primary lesion.
  • Characterized by chronic tissue lesions, formation of tubercles, caseation, and fibrosis
  • Not all tubercle bacilli infection led to primary TB or an active type
  • If the primary infection heals without causing a disease, the TB may establish a latent infection (inactive).
  • 90% of the patients exposed to mycobacterium tuberculosis would only develop latent infection.
  • 10% may lead to an active type of tuberculosis
A

REACTIVATION TYPE

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24
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis | PATHOLOGY

If the primary infection heals without causing a disease, the TB may establish a ____ infection

A

LATENT

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25
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis | PATHOLOGY

____% of the patients exposed to mycobacterium tuberculosis would only develop latent infection

A

90%

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26
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis | PATHOLOGY

____% may lead to an active type of tuberculosis

A

10%

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27
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis | CLINICAL FINDINGS

  • most common form
  • main findings – cough and hemoptysis (blood in the sputum)
A

PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS

28
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis | CLINICAL FINDINGS

  • mycobacterial cervical lymphadenitis (swollen and non-tender lymph nodes)
  • most common extrapulmonary manifestation of tuberculosis
A

SCROFULA

29
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis | CLINICAL FINDINGS

multiple disseminated lesions due to bacteria resembling “millet seeds”

A

MILIARY TUBERCULOSIS

30
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

  • consists of an intradermal injection of one tenth of a milliliter (ml) of PPD tuberculin
  • used for detecting history only
  • not used as a diagnostic tool
A

TUBERCULIN SKIN TEST

31
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Tuberculin skin test is also known as

A

MANTOUX SKIN TEST

32
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis | TREATMENT

FIRST-LINE drugs

A

Rifampin
Isonizaid
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol

RIPE

33
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis | TREATMENT

duration of treatment

A

6 months

34
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis | TREATMENT

patient is already non-infectious after ____ of treatment

A

2-3 weeks

35
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis | TREATMENT

drugs given for the first 2 months

A

RIPE

36
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis | TREATMENT

drugs given for the 4 remaining months

A

Rifampin
Isoniazid

37
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis | TREATMENT

given to those resistant to first line drugs

A

multi-drug resistant

38
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis | TREATMENT

given to those resistant to first & second line of drugs

A

extensively drug resistant

39
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis | TREATMENT

  • vaccine for tuberculosis
  • given at birth
  • more effective to be given at birth than in adults
  • first vaccine to be given at birth
A

BACILLE CALMETTE-GUERIN
BCG

40
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis | TREATMENT

MO used in the preparation of BCG vaccine

A

Mycobacterium bovis

41
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis | TREATMENT

meaning of DOTS

A

directly-observed therapy, short-course

42
Q

MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE

growth time

A

14 days

43
Q

MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE

optimal temperature for growth

A

30C

44
Q

MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE

transmission

A

contact w/ px w/ leprosy

45
Q

MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE

disease

A

Leprosy

46
Q

MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE

Leprosy is also known as

A

Hansen’s disease

47
Q

MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE

Leprosy is discovered by

A

Gerhard Hansen

48
Q
  • Slowest-growing human pathogens – 14 days
  • Optimal temperature for growth is 30°C – grows preferentially in the skin and in the nerves
  • Cannot be grown in the laboratory in vitro
A

MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE

49
Q

MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE

can be grown in

A

foot pads of mice or armadillos

50
Q

TWO MAJOR TYPES OF LEPROSY

  • Progressive and malignant
  • Multiple nodular skin lesions occur, resulting in the typical leonine (lionlike) facies → erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL)
A

LEPROMATOUS LEPROSY

51
Q

TWO MAJOR TYPES OF LEPROSY

  • Nonprogressive and benign
  • Hypopigmented macular or plaque-like skin lesions, thickened superficial nerves, and significant anesthesia of the skin lesions
A

TUBERCULOID LEPROSY

52
Q

TWO MAJOR TYPES OF LEPROSY

Lepromatous leprosy is also known as

A

Multibacillary leprosy

53
Q

TWO MAJOR TYPES OF LEPROSY

Tuberculoid leprosy is also known as

A

Paucibacillary leprosy

54
Q

MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE | PATHOGENESIS

The organism replicates ____, typically within skin histiocytes, endothelial cells, and the Schwann cells of nerves.

A

INTRACELLULARLY

55
Q

MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE | PATHOGENESIS

The ____ in leprosy is the result of two processes:
* Damage from direct contact with the bacterium
* Damage caused by CMI attack on the nerves

A

NERVE DAMAGE

56
Q

Lepromatous Leprosy

Cell-mediated response to M. leprae

A

REDUCED OR ABSENT

57
Q

Lepromatous Leprosy

Number of acid-fast bacilli

A

MANY

58
Q

Lepromatous Leprosy

Likelihood of transmitting leprosy

A

HIGH

59
Q

Lepromatous Leprosy

Lepromin skin test

A

NEGATIVE

60
Q

Tuberculoid Leprosy

Lepromin skin test

A

POSITIVE

61
Q

Tuberculoid Leprosy

Likelihood of transmitting leprosy

A

LOW

62
Q

Tuberculoid Leprosy

Number of acid-fast bacilli

A

FEW

63
Q

Tuberculoid Leprosy

Cell-mediated response to M. leprae

A

PRESENT

64
Q

MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE | TREATMENT

DRUG OF CHOICE

A

DAPSONE

65
Q

MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS

only drug in the 1st line that can be used as treatment other than tuberculosis

A

RIFAMPIN

MICROPARA (37 decks)

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