Overview of Pharmacology: Part 3

Question 1

Maximal Efficacy

Answer 1

Largest effect that a drug can produce

Question 2

Relative potency

Answer 2

Amount of drug we must give to elicit an effect

Question 3

Receptors

Answer 3

Any functional macromolecule in a cell to which a drug binds to produce its effects

Question 4

Agonists

Answer 4

Molecules that activate receptors (cause the exact response as a hormone)

Question 5

Antagonists

Answer 5

Molecules that produce their effects by preventing receptor activation

Question 6

Partial agonists

Answer 6

Only moderate intrinsic activity (ex: pain relievers)

Question 7

Agonists will look ______________ while antagonists will look ______________

Answer 7

Exactly like the hormone

Exactly the opposite

Question 8

Pharmacogenetics

Answer 8

The study of genetic factors that influence an individual’s response to a specific drug

Question 9

Codeine biologic variations

Answer 9

10% of caucasians do not have enzyme

30% of Ethiopians are ultra metabolizers of the drug

Question 10

Drug misuse

Answer 10

Recreational use of a chemical substance for purposes other than those for which it was intended

Question 11

Drug abuse

Answer 11

Drug use inconsistent with medical or social norms

Question 12

Addiction

Answer 12

A compulsive, uncontrollable craving for and dependance on a substance to such a degree that cessation causes severe reactions

Question 13

What is the most rapidly addicting of the drugs of abuse?

Answer 13

Nicotine

Question 14

Nicotine causes..

Answer 14

Strong psychological dependence / physiological dependence

Question 15

Cocaine

Answer 15

Euphoria causes psychological dependence

Physical dependence varies

Question 16

Crank

Answer 16

Methamphetamine

Question 17

Original effects of amphetamines

Answer 17

Increased alertness and enhanced performance

Question 18

Amphetamines then lead to…

Answer 18

Irritability and violent behaviors

Question 19

Physical effects of long term meth use

Answer 19

Tooth decay and dermatologic deterioration

Question 20

What is the most widely used substance of abuse?

Answer 20

Alcohol

Question 21

Sedative-hypnotics

Answer 21

Barbiturates
Benzodiazepines
Tolerance develops rapidly

Question 22

Opioids

Answer 22

Heroin

Prescription opioids

Question 23

Surgical patients

Answer 23

High risk for drug interactions and complications associated with surgery

Question 24

Surgical patients: Alcohol dependence =

Answer 24

Increased anesthesia needs

Question 25

Pain control

Answer 25

Use of opioids is acceptable with drug abuse patients (equianalgesic doses for opioid dependent patients)