Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus: Part 3 > Flashcards

Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus: Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Oral hypoglycemics

A 
Sulfonylureas 
Glinides (Meglitinides) 
Biguanides 
Gliflozins 
Thiazolidinediones 
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors 
Gliptins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Sulfonylureas

A

Work by promoting insulin release by pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

First gen Sulfonylureas

A

Tolbutamide (Orinase)

PROTOTYPE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Second gen Sulfonylureas

A

Glipizide (Glucotrol)

Glyburide (DiaBeta)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Tolbutamide (Orinase) action

A

Stimulates release of insulin from pancreatic cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Tolbutamide (Orinase) uses

A

Type 2 Diabetes

NOT type 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Tolbutamide (Orinase) adverse effects

A

Hypoglycemia
Teratogenic
Cardiovascular toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Tolbutamide (Orinase) Drug interactions

A

Alcohol
NSAIDS
Ranitidine
Beta blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Tolbutamide (Orinase)- NSAIDS / Ranitidine

A

Can cause / intensify hypoglycemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Biguanides name

A

Metformin (Glucophage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Metformin (Glucophage) mechanism of action

A

Decreases liver production of glucose

Enhances uptake & utilization of glucose by muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Do biguanides promote insulin release?

A

No, so CANNOT cause hypoglycemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Metformin (Glucophage) uses

A

Type 2 Diabetes (BG control)
Prevention of type 2 Diabetes
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Metformin (Glucophage) and PCOS

A

Can restore fertility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Side effects of metformin

A

Decreases appetite Nausea
Diarrhea
Vitamin Deficiencies (B12)
Toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Metformin (Glucophage) Toxicity

A

Lactic acidosis (Metformin inhibits oxidation of lactic acid)
Medical emergency
Increased risk with alcohol

17
Q

Metformin (Glucophage) side effects…….

A

Get better with time

18
Q

Giflozins (SGLT2 Inhibitors) meds

A

Canagliflozin (Invokana)

Dapagliflozin (Farxiga/ Xigduo)

19
Q

Giflozins (SGLT2 Inhibitors) mechanism of action

A

Decrease blood glucose by causing the kidneys to remove sugar from the body through urine

20
Q

Giflozins (SGLT2 Inhibitors) adverse effects

A 
UTIs 
Thirst
Elevated LDLs 
Increased urination 
Episodes of hypotension
21
Q

Alpha-Glucosidase inhibitors mechanism of action

A

Act on the intestine to delay absorption of carbohydrates (Reduce rise of blood glucose after meals - postprandial rise)

22
Q

Alpha-Glucosidase inhibitors meds

A

Acarbose (Precose)

Miglitol (Glyset)

23
Q

Alpha-Glucosidase inhibitors therapeutic uses

A

Type 2 Diabetes (not controlled by D&E)

24
Q

Alpha-Glucosidase inhibitors may be used alone or in combo with…

A

Insulin

Sulfonylureas

25
Q

Alpha-Glucosidase inhibitors adverse effects

A 
Flatulence 
Cramps 
Abdominal distention 
Diarrhea
Long-term: Liver dysfunction
26
Q

Alpha-Glucosidase inhibitors drug interaction

A

Should not be used with Metformin - significant GI effects

27
Q

Thiazolidinediones (Glitazones) mechanism of action

A

Reduce glucose levels by decreasing insulin resistance - increases cellular response to circulating insulin

28
Q

Thiazolidinediones (Glitazones) meds

A

Rosiglitazone (Avandia)

Pioglitazone (Actos)

29
Q

Thiazolidinediones (Glitazones) adverse effects

A 
Fluid retention (use carefully with heart failure patients) (8-10lb swings) 
Raises plasma lipid levels
30
Q

Thiazolidinediones (Glitazones) Drug interactions

A

Insulin

Lopid

31
Q

Thiazolidinediones (Glitazones) - Insulin

A

Increases risk for fluid retention

32
Q

Thiazolidinediones (Glitazones) - Lopid

A

Increased levels of glitazones (Lopid is an antihyperlipidemics)

33
Q

Thiazolidinediones (Glitazones) increase both…

A

Good and bad cholesterol levels

34
Q

Meglitinides

A

Stimulate pancreatic insulin release (similar to sulfonylureas)

35
Q

Meglitinides meds

A

Repaglinide (Prandin)

Nateglinide (Starlix)

36
Q

Meglitinides adverse effects

A

Hypoglycemia

Especially with liver dysfunction patients

37
Q

Meglitinides drug interactions

A

Lopid
-Used to decrease triglyceride levels
(may cause increased levels of Meglitinides)

Pharmacology (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions