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Pharmacology > Overview of Pharmacology: Part 1 > Flashcards

Overview of Pharmacology: Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmacology

A

The study of drugs and their interactions with living systems

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2
Q

Drug

A

Any chemical that can affect living processes (therapeutic applications for realm of class)

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3
Q

The IDEAL drug

A

Effectiveness
Safety
Selectivity

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4
Q

Reversible action

A

Able to undo the effects of a drug

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5
Q

Clinical factors that affect drug response

A

Age & weight
Co-morbidities
Compliance

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6
Q

Administration factors that affect drug response

A

Drug form

Route of administration

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7
Q

Co-morbidities

A

Simultaneous presence of two diseases in a patient

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8
Q

Compliance

A

Patient’s cooperation in taking a drug

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9
Q

3 Phases of a drug

A

Pharmaceutic phase
Pharmacokinetic phase
Pharmacodynamic phase

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10
Q

Pharmaceutic phase

A

Tablet >Disentegration > Dissolution

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11
Q

IV drug is basically already in ________ phase

A

Pharmaceutic

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12
Q

Nursing responsibility in Drug Administration: First 5 rights

A 
Right drug
Right patient
Right dose
Right route
Right time
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13
Q

Second 5 rights

A 
Right documentation
Right assessment 
Right evaluation
Patient's right to refuse
Patient's right to education
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14
Q

Basic information necessary in educating a patient about a drug

A
  • Drug name
  • Dose & schedule
  • Administration
  • Therapeutic affects
  • Adverse affects
  • Adverse interactions
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15
Q

Adverse effects

A

Negative “side” effects that have been seen as a result of the drug

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16
Q

Adverse interactions

A

There is something else in the body interacting with the drug that can cause negative effects

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17
Q

Generic: acetaminophen
Trade: ?

A

Tylenol
Genapap
Bromo seltzer

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18
Q

Generic name

A

Complicated, difficult to remember & pronounce

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19
Q

Trade name

A

The same drug can have multiple trade names

20
Q

Prilosec

A

Proton pump inhibitor, relieves symptoms of GERD, should only be given for max of 12 weeks (can increase chance of gastric cancer)

21
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

What the body does to the drug

22
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

23
Q

Absorption

A

Movement of a drug from its sight of administration into the blood

24
Q

Rate of absorption =

A

How soon the effects of a drug will begin

25
Q

Amount of absorption =

A

How intense the effects of the drug will be

26
Q

_____ meds usually have the longest path of absorption

A

Oral

27
Q

Factors affecting drug absorption

A 
Blood flow
Pain
Stress
Hunger
Fasting
Food
pH of stomach
28
Q

How does pain & stress affect absorption?

A

Fight or flight, less blood flow to the gut (drug moves through the GI w/o being absorbed)

29
Q

Hunger will _____ absorption

A

Increase

30
Q

Food will ______ absorption

A

Decrease

31
Q

Excipients

A

Fillers & inert substances used in drug preparation to allow the drug to take on a particular shape & size (or to enhance drug dissolution)

32
Q

Common excipients to increase absorption

A

Potassium salts

Sodium salts

33
Q

Penicillin does not absorb well in acidic environment but…

A

Potassium salt highly increases absorption

34
Q

Common routes of administration (from fastest to slowest)

A

Intravenous
Intramuscular
Subcutaneous
Oral

35
Q

IV Administration: Barriers to absorption

A

None

36
Q

IV Administration: Advantages

A

Blood levels
Large fluid volumes
Irritant drugs

37
Q

IV Administration: Disadvantages

A

Increased costs

Dangers (peripheral line infection, air embolism, fat embolism)

38
Q

Intramuscular Administration: Barriers to absorption

A

Capillary wall

39
Q

Intramuscular Administration: Advantages

A

Poorly soluble drugs

Depot preparations

40
Q

Depot preparations

A

Long active sustained release drug (birth control, anti psychotics)

41
Q

Intramuscular Administration: Disadvantages

A

Discomfort

Inconvenience

42
Q

Oral Administration: Barriers to Absorption

A

Highly variable rates

GI tract

43
Q

Oral Administration: Advantages

A

Easy

Inexpensive

44
Q

Oral Administration: Disadvantages

A

Variability
Inactivation
Patient requirements (conscious, cooperative)

45
Q

Insulin cannot be given because…

A

GI juices inactivate the drug entirely

46
Q

Enteric-coated drugs

A

Resist disintegration in the stomach- occurs in the small intestine (60-80% intestinal absorption)

47
Q

Why is aspirin enteric-coated?

A

It causes stomach ulcers

Pharmacology (38 decks)

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