Overview of Pharmacology: Part 1

Question 1

Pharmacology

Answer 1

The study of drugs and their interactions with living systems

Question 2

Drug

Answer 2

Any chemical that can affect living processes (therapeutic applications for realm of class)

Question 3

The IDEAL drug

Answer 3

Effectiveness
Safety
Selectivity

Question 4

Reversible action

Answer 4

Able to undo the effects of a drug

Question 5

Clinical factors that affect drug response

Answer 5

Age & weight
Co-morbidities
Compliance

Question 6

Administration factors that affect drug response

Answer 6

Drug form

Route of administration

Question 7

Co-morbidities

Answer 7

Simultaneous presence of two diseases in a patient

Question 8

Compliance

Answer 8

Patient’s cooperation in taking a drug

Question 9

3 Phases of a drug

Answer 9

Pharmaceutic phase
Pharmacokinetic phase
Pharmacodynamic phase

Question 10

Pharmaceutic phase

Answer 10

Tablet >Disentegration > Dissolution

Question 11

IV drug is basically already in ________ phase

Answer 11

Pharmaceutic

Question 12

Nursing responsibility in Drug Administration: First 5 rights

Answer 12

Right drug
Right patient
Right dose
Right route
Right time

Question 13

Second 5 rights

Answer 13

Right documentation
Right assessment 
Right evaluation
Patient's right to refuse
Patient's right to education

Question 14

Basic information necessary in educating a patient about a drug

Answer 14

• Drug name
• Dose & schedule
• Administration
• Therapeutic affects
• Adverse affects
• Adverse interactions

Question 15

Adverse effects

Answer 15

Negative “side” effects that have been seen as a result of the drug

Question 16

Adverse interactions

Answer 16

There is something else in the body interacting with the drug that can cause negative effects

Question 17

Generic: acetaminophen
Trade: ?

Answer 17

Tylenol
Genapap
Bromo seltzer

Question 18

Generic name

Answer 18

Complicated, difficult to remember & pronounce

Question 19

Trade name

Answer 19

The same drug can have multiple trade names

Question 20

Prilosec

Answer 20

Proton pump inhibitor, relieves symptoms of GERD, should only be given for max of 12 weeks (can increase chance of gastric cancer)

Question 21

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 21

What the body does to the drug

Question 22

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 22

Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

Question 23

Absorption

Answer 23

Movement of a drug from its sight of administration into the blood

Question 24

Rate of absorption =

Answer 24

How soon the effects of a drug will begin

Question 25

Amount of absorption =

Answer 25

How intense the effects of the drug will be

Question 26

_____ meds usually have the longest path of absorption

Answer 26

Oral

Question 27

Factors affecting drug absorption

Answer 27

``` Blood flow Pain Stress Hunger Fasting Food pH of stomach ```

Question 28

How does pain & stress affect absorption?

Answer 28

Fight or flight, less blood flow to the gut (drug moves through the GI w/o being absorbed)

Question 29

Hunger will _____ absorption

Answer 29

Increase

Question 30

Food will ______ absorption

Answer 30

Decrease

Question 31

Excipients

Answer 31

Fillers & inert substances used in drug preparation to allow the drug to take on a particular shape & size (or to enhance drug dissolution)

Question 32

Common excipients to increase absorption

Answer 32

Potassium salts | Sodium salts

Question 33

Penicillin does not absorb well in acidic environment but...

Answer 33

Potassium salt highly increases absorption

Question 34

Common routes of administration (from fastest to slowest)

Answer 34

Intravenous Intramuscular Subcutaneous Oral

Question 35

IV Administration: Barriers to absorption

Answer 35

None

Question 36

IV Administration: Advantages

Answer 36

Blood levels Large fluid volumes Irritant drugs

Question 37

IV Administration: Disadvantages

Answer 37

Increased costs | Dangers (peripheral line infection, air embolism, fat embolism)

Question 38

Intramuscular Administration: Barriers to absorption

Answer 38

Capillary wall

Question 39

Intramuscular Administration: Advantages

Answer 39

Poorly soluble drugs | Depot preparations

Question 40

Depot preparations

Answer 40

Long active sustained release drug (birth control, anti psychotics)

Question 41

Intramuscular Administration: Disadvantages

Answer 41

Discomfort | Inconvenience

Question 42

Oral Administration: Barriers to Absorption

Answer 42

Highly variable rates | GI tract

Question 43

Oral Administration: Advantages

Answer 43

Easy | Inexpensive

Question 44

Oral Administration: Disadvantages

Answer 44

Variability Inactivation Patient requirements (conscious, cooperative)

Question 45

Insulin cannot be given because...

Answer 45

GI juices inactivate the drug entirely

Question 46

Enteric-coated drugs

Answer 46

Resist disintegration in the stomach- occurs in the small intestine (60-80% intestinal absorption)

Question 47

Why is aspirin enteric-coated?

Answer 47

It causes stomach ulcers