Drugs affecting the ANS: Part 3 Flashcards
Therapeutic effects of Beta-Adrenergic Antagonists
Hypertension Angina pectoris Cardiac dysrhythmias Heart attack Hyperthyroidism Migraines Glaucoma
Beta-Adrenergic Antagonists are the only ______ drug for chest pain
Prophylactic
Beta-Adrenergic Antagonists: hyperthyroidism
Do not treat hyperthyroidism directly but treat cardiac aspect
Beta-Adrenergic Antagonists: glaucoma
Decrease aqueous humor production
Adverse effects of beta 1 blockade
Bradycardia
Reduced CO (HR and force of contraction)
Cause heart failure
AV heart block
Adverse effects of beta 2 blockade
Bronchoconstriction
Prevents glycogenolysis
Glycogenolysis is so critical for diabetic patients because…
It is their defense mechanism for when too much insulin is given
Symptoms of hypoglycemia
Palpitations, dizzy, pale, clammy, nausea
Beta blockers are so scary for diabetic patients because…
- Decrease glycogenolysis (Hypoglycemia
2. Decrease tachycardia which is diabetic’s first warning sign that they are hypoglycemic
Nonselective beta blockers
Propanolol (Inderal)
Carvedilol (Coreg)
Cardioselective (Beta 1) beta blockers
Metoprolol (Lopressor)
Atenolol (Tenormin)
Propanolol blocks…
Beta 1 and Beta 2 receptors
Effects of propranolol
Reduces HR
Decreases force of contraction
Suppresses impulse conduction through AV node
Uses of propranolol
Hypertension
Angina pectoris
Cardiac dysrhythmias
Myocardial infarction
Propanolol adverse effects
Bradycardia, AV heart block, heart failure, bronchoconstriction, CNS effects
Propanolol drug interactions
Insulin (inhibition of glycogenolysis - not a direct interaction)
Calcium channel blockers (heart suppression)
Adverse effects of metoprolol
Bradycardia
Reduction of cardiac output
AV heart block
Metoprolol contraindications
Patients with sinus bradycardia
AV heart block
Cholinergic drugs: muscarinic agonists
Bind to muscarinic receptors and cause activation
-responses mimic those produced by stimulation of the parasympathetic nerves
Bethanechol (Urecholine)
Prototype, works selectively @ muscarinic receptors
No activation of nicotinic receptors
Bethanechol (Urecholine) effects the..
Heart
Exocrine glands
Smooth muscles
Eyes
Therapeutic uses of Bethanechol (Urecholine)
Urinary retention
Do not use Bethanechol (Urecholine) if…
A patient has a urinary obstruction > you can rupture the bladder
Bethanechol (Urecholine) adverse effects
Bradycardia (heart) Excessive salivation Increased GI motility (Diarrhea) Bladder rupture Asthma - bronchoconstriction Dysrhythmias - hyperthyroid patients
