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Pharmacology > Analgesics: Part 2 > Flashcards

Analgesics: Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Nonaspirin First -Generation NSAIDS have aspirin-like properties with fewer…

A

GI effects
Renal effects
Hemorrhagic effects

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2
Q

Nonasprin First Generation NSAIDS inhibit..

A

COX 1 and COX 2

reversible inhibition

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3
Q

Functions of Nonaspirin First-Genereation NSAIDS

A

Anti-inflammatories
Analgesia
Antipyretics

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4
Q

Ibuprofen examples

A

Advil

Motrin

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5
Q

Ibuprofen is used most for…

A

Fever
Arthritis
Dysmenorrhea

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6
Q

Naproxen

A

Proonged half-lives

Dosing less frequent

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7
Q

Indomethacin (Indocin) is usually used for..

A

Artritis

Gout

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8
Q

Ketorolac trade name

A

Toradol

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9
Q

Ketorolac (Toradol)

A

Powerful analgesic

Short term therapy (<5 days)

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10
Q

Ketorolac (Toradol) is often used for..

A

Great adjunct therapy after C-section to limit narcotics

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11
Q

Celecoxib (celebrex)

A

Selective COX-2 Inhibitor

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12
Q

What does Celecoxib do?

A

Suppresses inflammation

Less GI side effects

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13
Q

Adverse effects of celecoxib

A

Cardiovascular events

Renal impairment

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14
Q

Celecoxib actually increases the risk of…

A

Heart attacks

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15
Q

Celecoxib drug interactions

A

Coumadin (increased risk of bleeding)

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16
Q

Celecoxib does have a _______ component so if you are allergic you cannot take it

A

Sulfa

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17
Q

Opioids

A

Any drug, natural or synthetic, that has actions similar to those of morphine

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18
Q

Opioid receptors

A

Mu

Kappa

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19
Q

Mu receptors

A

Analgesia
Respiratory depression
Euphoria
Sedation

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20
Q

Narcotics go in and..

A

Mimic our own endogenous pain relievers

21
Q

Usually pain is relieved in the body by..

A

Endorphins and enkephalins going in and activating pain relief

22
Q

Kappa receptors

A

Analgesia

Sedation

23
Q

Pure opioid agonists

A

Morphine
Meperidine (Demerol)
Fentanyl

24
Q

Agonist-antagonists

A

Butorphanol (Stadol)

Nalbuphine (Nubain)

25
Q

Pure opioid antagonists

A

Naloxone (Narcan)

26
Q

How do agonists-antagonists work?

A

Agonist activates receptor, antagonist blocks receptor

27
Q

Agonist-antagonists are _______ to the kappa receptors and _________ to the mu receptors

A

Agonists

Antagonists

28
Q

Why would agonists-antagonists be bad for addicts?

A

It would cause withdrawal

29
Q

Therapeutic use of morphine

A

Pain relief (Post-op, cancer, constant, dull pain)

30
Q

Morphine mechanism of action

A

Mimic actions of endogenous opioid peptides at mu receptors

31
Q

Morphine is administered…

A

PO, IM, IV, sublingual

32
Q

Is morphine lipid soluble?

A

No, crosses blood brain barrier minimally

33
Q

Morphine is inactivated by..

A

Hepatic metabolism

34
Q

Morphine has a _____ first pass effect

A

Large

35
Q

Roxanol

A

Trade name for morphine, can be given sublingually to bypass liver

36
Q

Adverse effects of morphine

A 
Respiratory depression 
Constipation
Orthostatic hypotension 
Urinary retention 
Emesis
Elevation of intracranial pressure
Sedation
37
Q

Morphine has huge ___ -_______ effects

A

Anti-cholinergic

38
Q

Relistor (Methylnaltrexone bromide)

A

Treats constipation caused by long term opioid use

39
Q

How is Relistor administered?

A

Subcutaneous injection every day

Produces results quickly

40
Q

Tolerance

A

Large dose is required to produce the same response that could formally be elicited by a smaller dose

41
Q

Physical dependence

A

Abstinence syndrome will occur if drug is abruptly discontinued

42
Q

Symptoms of withdrawal

A

Sweating, anorexia, irritability, nausea

43
Q

Drug interactions - Morphine

A

CNS depressants
Anticholinergic drugs
Hypotensive drugs
Opioid antagonists

44
Q

Morphine-CNS depressants

A

Alcohol

Benzodiazepines

45
Q

Anticholinergic drugs - morphine

A

Antihistamines

Tricyclic antidepressants

46
Q

Hypotensive drugs - morphine

A

Ace inhibitors

Calcium channel blockers

47
Q

Opioid antagonists- morphine

A

Naloxone

48
Q

Signs of morphine toxicity

A

Pinpoint pupils
Respiratory depression
Coma

Pharmacology (38 decks)

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