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Pharmacology > Drugs for Infection: Part 1 > Flashcards

Drugs for Infection: Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Chemotherapy

A

The use of chemicals against invading organisms

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2
Q

Antibiotic & antimicrobial agent

A

Agents that have the ability to kill or suppress microorganisms

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3
Q

Narrow-spectrum antibiotics

A

Drugs active against only a few species of microorganisms

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4
Q

Broad-spectrum antibiotics

A

Active against a wide variety of microorganisms

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5
Q

Three major groups of antimicrobial drugs

A

1) Antibacterial drugs
2) Antifungal drugs
3) Antiviral drugs

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6
Q

4 mechanisms of action of antimicrobial drugs

A

1) Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis or disruption of cell wall
2) Increase cell membrane permeability
3) Lethal inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis
4) Nonlethal inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis
5) Inhibit bacterial synthesis of DNA or RNA or disrupt DNA function
6) Antimetabolites
7) Suppress viral replication

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7
Q

Prophylactic use of antibiotics

A 
Surgery 
Bacterial endocarditis 
Neutropenia 
Recurrent UTIs 
Influenza
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8
Q

Obtain culture ______ starting medication

A

BEFORE

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9
Q

Penicillin

A

Drugs that weaken the bacterial cell wall, causing the bacteria to take up excess amounts of water and rupture

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10
Q

Penicillins are active vs..

A

A wide variety of bacteria

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11
Q

Penicillins are AKA

A

Beta lactam antibiotics (Beta lactam ring in chemical structure)

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12
Q

Bacterial resistance to penicillins

A

Gram negative cells (3 layers of cell membrane)

Penicillinases (Beta lactamases)

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13
Q

Narrow-spectrum penicillins : penicillinase sensitive

A

Penicillin G
Penicillin V
Streptococcus species
Neisseria species

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14
Q

Narrow - spectrum penicillins: penicillinase resistant

A 
Methicillin 
Naflcillin 
Oxacillin 
Dicloxacillin 
Staphylococcus aureus
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15
Q

Broad spectrum penicillins

A

Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
Haemophilius influenza, Escheria coli, Proteus mirabilis

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16
Q

Broad spectrum penicillins

A

Ampicillin
Amoxicillin
Haemophilius influenza, Escheria coli, Proteus mirabilis, salmonella (gram-negative bacilli) + Penicillin G

17
Q

Extended-spectrum penicillins

A

Carbenicillin
Tircarcillin
Piperacillin
Same as broad spectrum + Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Proteus & Klebsiella

18
Q

Penicillin G is the _____ toxic of all antibiotics

A

Least

  • Few side effects
  • Allergic reactions
19
Q

Penicillin G is the _____ toxic of all antibiotics

A

Least

  • Few side effects
  • Allergic reactions
20
Q

Antistaphylococcal penicillins

A

Highly resistant to inactivation by beta lactamases

21
Q

MRSA

A

Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus

22
Q

Aminopenicillins

A

Ampicillin

Amoxixillin

23
Q

Extended- spectrum penicillins are used primarily for….

A

Infections an immunocompromised host

24
Q

Extended - spectrum antibiotics are often combined with..

A

Antipseudomonal aminoglycosides

25
Q

Penicillins combined with Beta-lactamase inhibitors…

A

Extend the antimicrobial spectrum of the penicillin

26
Q

Drug combos that inhibit beta lactamases

A

Ampicillin/sulbactam (Unasyn)
Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (Augmentin)
Ticarcillin/clavulanic acid (Timentin)
Piperacillin/tazobactam (Zosyn)

27
Q

What is the most common cause of drug allergies?

A

Penicillin

28
Q

Penicillin allergies can range from…

A

Minor rashes to life-threatening anaphylaxis

29
Q

Penicillin cross-sensitivity

A

Allergic to one penicillin = allergic to all penicillins

Also a possible cross sensitivity to cephalosporins and carbapenems

30
Q

Immediate hypersensitivity reaction

A

Laryngeal edema
Bronchoconstriction
Severe hypotension

31
Q

Treatment of anaphylaxis

A

Epinephrine

Respiratory support

32
Q

Cephalosporins

A

Drugs that weaken bacterial cell wall, similar in structure and action to penicillin (beta-lactam antibiotics)

33
Q

Can you take penicillins and cephalosporins together?

A

No

34
Q

Cephalosporins have four generations of medications:

A

↑ Activity against bacteria ↑Resistance to bacteria beta- lactamases
↑ Ability to cross over to CSF

35
Q

If antibiotics can cross BBB then they can treat…

A

Meningitis

3rd generation

36
Q

Adverse effects of cephalosporins

A

Allergic reactions
Bleeding
Thrombophlebitis

Pharmacology (38 decks)

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