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Pharmacology > Analgesics: Part 1 > Flashcards

Analgesics: Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Analgesics

A

Drugs used for the relief of pain

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2
Q

Non-opioid analgesics

A

Mild to moderate pain
Tylenol (acetaminophen)
NSAIDS

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3
Q

Opioid analgesics

A

Moderate to severe pain

Narcotics

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4
Q

Pain threshold

A

Level of stimulus needed to create a painful sensation

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5
Q

Acetaminophen (Tylenol) uses

A

Analgesia

Antipyretic

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6
Q

Acetaminophen CANNOT be used for..

A

Inflammation

Platelet aggregation

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7
Q

Acetaminophen mechanism of action

A

Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis in the CNS

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8
Q

Adverse effects of Tylenol

A

Rare at therapeutic doses

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9
Q

Acetaminophen drug interactions

A

Alcohol

Warfarin

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10
Q

If you take routing Tylenol, you should not…

A

Drink alcohol

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11
Q

Acute toxicity of acetaminophen

A

Liver damage –> Hepatic necrosis

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12
Q

Treatment for toxicity of acetaminophen

A

Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
If given 4-8 hours after overdose it will bind to Tylenol and allow it to be excreted from the body
100% prevention of severe liver injury

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13
Q

Major pathway of acetaminophen

A

Therapeutic doses

Acetaminophen > Nontoxic metabolite

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14
Q

Acetaminophen minor pathway

A

Overdose, acetaminophen > toxic metabolite (causes necrosis)

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15
Q

1st generation drugs with anti-inflammatory properties (NSAIDS)

A

Aspirin
Ibuprofen
Naproxen

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16
Q

2nd generation drugs with anti inflammatory properties (NSAIDS)

A

Celecoxib (Celebrex)

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17
Q

NSAIDS stands for..

A

Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs

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18
Q

Cyclooxygenase (COX)

A

Enzyme that converts arachidonic acid into prostaglandins

19
Q

Prostaglandins can cause…

A

Pretty profound inflammation

20
Q

COX 1

A

Beneficial

  • Protects gastric mucosa
  • Supports renal function
  • Promotes platelet aggregation
21
Q

COX 2

A

Mediates inflammation

Sensitizes receptors to painful stimuli

22
Q

NSAIDS block…

A

COX 1 and COX 2 (hard on gut, kidneys and lately aggregation)

23
Q

First generation NSAIDS are widely used to..

A

Treat inflammatory disorders, mild to moderate pain and suppress fever

24
Q

First generation NSAIDS can have serious side effects because…

A

They cannot inhibit COX 2 without inhibiting COX 1

25
Q

Side effects of first generation NSAIDS

A

GI ulcers
Bleeding tendencies
Renal impairment

26
Q

Naproxen

A

Has a longer half-life (Aleve)

Take it once and it lasts all day

27
Q

Aspirin is used for ____ to ______ pain

A

Mild

Moderate

28
Q

Functions of aspirin

A

Nonselective COX inhibitor
Anti-pyretic
Protection against thrombotic disorders

29
Q

Aspirin: COX-2

A

Decreases pain, inflammation & fever

30
Q

Aspirin: COX-1

A

Protects against stroke and heart attack

31
Q

Therapeutic uses of aspirin

A 
Suppression of inflammation
Analgesia
Reduction of fever
Dysmenorrhea(menstrual cycle) 
Suppression of platelet aggregation 
Cancer prevention
32
Q

Aspirin: cancer prevention

A

Really high doses can reduce the risk of colorectal cancer

33
Q

Adverse affects of aspirin

A 
GI effects
Bleeding 
Renal impairment
Salicylism 
Reye's Syndrome
34
Q

Salicylism

A

Deposits salycilates in ears which causes ringing in the eats, sick to stomach, excessive sweating, headache, nausea

35
Q

Reye’s Syndrome

A

Use of aspirin for children with influenza or chicken pox

36
Q

Reye’s Syndrome child mortality rate

A

20-30%

37
Q

Clinical features of Reye’s Syndrome

A

Encephalopathy

Fatty liver degeneration

38
Q

Should a child ever take aspirin?

A

NO

39
Q

Aspirin drug interactions

A

Warfarin
Glucocorticoids
Alcohol
Ibuprofen

40
Q

Aspirin-warfarin

A

Gastric hemorrhage

41
Q

Aspirin-glucocorticoids

A

Gastric ulcers

42
Q

Aspirin - alcohol

A

Gastric bleeding

43
Q

Aspirin- Ibuprofen

A

Decreases anti-platelet effects of aspirin

44
Q

Alcoholics should not take ______ or ______ for hangovers

A

Tylenol

Aspirin

Pharmacology (38 decks)

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