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Pharmacology > Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus: Part 2 > Flashcards

Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus: Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Insulin

A

Short Duration: rapid acting
Short duration: slower acting
Intermediate Duration
Long duration

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2
Q

Short Duration Rapid acting generic name

A

Insulin Lispro

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3
Q

Short: Rapid trade name

A

Humalog

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4
Q

Short: Slower generic name

A

Regular insulin

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5
Q

Short: slower trade name

A

Humulin R

Novolin R

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6
Q

Intermediate generic name

A

NPH insulin

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7
Q

Intermediate trade name

A

Humulin N

Novolin N

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8
Q

Long generic name

A

Insulin glargine

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9
Q

Long trade name

A

Lantus

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10
Q

All insulins are clear except..

A

Intermediate (NPH) because it has enzymes that slow down insulin effects

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11
Q

What insulins are used with meals?

A

Short durations

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12
Q

Long durations are ______ insulins

A

Basal, maximize control

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13
Q

Long durations are ______ insulins

A

Basal, maximize control

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14
Q

Complications of insulin therapy

A 
Lipodystrophies (craters that develop in body from not rotating sites) 
-Lipoatrophy
-Lipohypertrophy
Allergic reactions 
-Local 
-Systemic
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15
Q

There are less allergic reactions now to insulin because…

A

We make it in the lab

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16
Q

NPH and regular insulin (old)

A

2 or 3 shots a day

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17
Q

Lantus and Humalog

A

4 shots / day

Intensive therapy

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18
Q

Combination insulin preparation

A

70/30 insulin
70% NPH
30% Regular
More convenient

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19
Q

Insulin administration SQ injection sites

A

Abdomen
Upper arm
Thigh

20
Q

Insulin SQ injection devices

A

Needles
1/2 inch
5/16 inch
3/16 inch

21
Q

Normal insulin concentrations

A

U-100 (100 units / mL)

22
Q

Inhaled insulin

A

Exubera

23
Q

Insulin pumps

A

Deliver basal infusion of insulin and boluses after meals

24
Q

Insulin pump is attached to…

A

A subQ needle (usually in abdomen)

25
Q

Insulin pumps need insulin changes every…

A

1-3 days

26
Q

IV insulin is for ________ and _______ insulin is used

A

Emergency situations

Regular insulin

27
Q

IV insulin requires vigilant monitoring of blood glucose levels because…

A

Insulin is absorbed by infusion set

Extent of absorption is not predictable

28
Q

If IV route is not available for insulin…

A

IM may be given

29
Q

Benefits of insulin

A

Decrease in complications

30
Q

Drawbacks of insulin use

A

Hypoglycemia

Inconvenience

31
Q

Dosing schedules of insulin

A

Conventional
Intensive
Continuous

32
Q

Conventional dosing

A

Does NOT provide tight control

33
Q

Intensive dosing

A

Tight control

34
Q

Continuous infusion

A

Pump

35
Q

Sliding scale insulin coverage

A

Insulin administered in adjusted doses dependent on patient condition

36
Q

Sliding scale insulin coverage is used for…

A

Hospitalization
Surgery
Illness
Medications

37
Q

Major cause of hypoglycemia

A

Insulin overdose

38
Q

Rapid treatment of hypoglycemia

A

Oral carbohydrates

Glucagon

39
Q

Without treatment, hypoglycemia could…

A

Progress to a coma

40
Q

Insulin drug interactions

A

Hypoglycemic agents
Hyperglycemia agents
Beta blockers

41
Q

Insulin-hypoglycemic agents

A

Intensify effects of insulin

42
Q

Insulin-Hyperglycemia agents

A

Counteract effects of insulin

43
Q

Insulin- Beta Blockers

A

Delay awareness of hypoglycemia
-Masks signs
Bradycardia does not allow for warning signs

44
Q

Symptoms of hypoglycemia

A 
Shaky 
Fast HR 
Sweating 
Dizzy 
Anxious
Hungry 
Blurry vision 
Weakness or fatigue
Headache 
Irritable
45
Q

Symptoms of hyperglycemia

A 
Extreme thirst 
Need to urinate
Dry skin 
Hungry 
Blurry vision 
Drowsy 
Slow-healing wounds

Pharmacology (38 decks)

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