Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus: Part 2

Question 1

Types of Insulin

Answer 1

Short Duration: rapid acting
Short duration: slower acting
Intermediate Duration
Long duration

Question 2

Short Duration Rapid acting generic name

Answer 2

Insulin Lispro

Question 3

Short: Rapid trade name

Answer 3

Humalog

Question 4

Short: Slower generic name

Answer 4

Regular insulin

Question 5

Short: slower trade name

Answer 5

Humulin R

Novolin R

Question 6

Intermediate generic name

Answer 6

NPH insulin

Question 7

Intermediate trade name

Answer 7

Humulin N

Novolin N

Question 8

Long generic name

Answer 8

Insulin glargine

Question 9

Long trade name

Answer 9

Lantus

Question 10

All insulins are clear except..

Answer 10

Intermediate (NPH) because it has enzymes that slow down insulin effects

Question 11

What insulins are used with meals?

Answer 11

Short durations

Question 12

Long durations are ______ insulins

Answer 12

Basal, maximize control

Question 13

Long durations are ______ insulins

Answer 13

Basal, maximize control

Question 14

Complications of insulin therapy

Answer 14

Lipodystrophies (craters that develop in body from not rotating sites) 
-Lipoatrophy
-Lipohypertrophy
Allergic reactions 
-Local 
-Systemic

Question 15

There are less allergic reactions now to insulin because…

Answer 15

We make it in the lab

Question 16

NPH and regular insulin (old)

Answer 16

2 or 3 shots a day

Question 17

Lantus and Humalog

Answer 17

4 shots / day

Intensive therapy

Question 18

Combination insulin preparation

Answer 18

70/30 insulin
70% NPH
30% Regular
More convenient

Question 19

Insulin administration SQ injection sites

Answer 19

Abdomen
Upper arm
Thigh

Question 20

Insulin SQ injection devices

Answer 20

Needles
1/2 inch
5/16 inch
3/16 inch

Question 21

Normal insulin concentrations

Answer 21

U-100 (100 units / mL)

Question 22

Inhaled insulin

Answer 22

Exubera

Question 23

Insulin pumps

Answer 23

Deliver basal infusion of insulin and boluses after meals

Question 24

Insulin pump is attached to…

Answer 24

A subQ needle (usually in abdomen)

Question 25

Insulin pumps need insulin changes every...

Answer 25

1-3 days

Question 26

IV insulin is for ________ and _______ insulin is used

Answer 26

Emergency situations | Regular insulin

Question 27

IV insulin requires vigilant monitoring of blood glucose levels because...

Answer 27

Insulin is absorbed by infusion set | Extent of absorption is not predictable

Question 28

If IV route is not available for insulin...

Answer 28

IM may be given

Question 29

Benefits of insulin

Answer 29

Decrease in complications

Question 30

Drawbacks of insulin use

Answer 30

Hypoglycemia | Inconvenience

Question 31

Dosing schedules of insulin

Answer 31

Conventional Intensive Continuous

Question 32

Conventional dosing

Answer 32

Does NOT provide tight control

Question 33

Intensive dosing

Answer 33

Tight control

Question 34

Continuous infusion

Answer 34

Pump

Question 35

Sliding scale insulin coverage

Answer 35

Insulin administered in adjusted doses dependent on patient condition

Question 36

Sliding scale insulin coverage is used for...

Answer 36

Hospitalization Surgery Illness Medications

Question 37

Major cause of hypoglycemia

Answer 37

Insulin overdose

Question 38

Rapid treatment of hypoglycemia

Answer 38

Oral carbohydrates | Glucagon

Question 39

Without treatment, hypoglycemia could...

Answer 39

Progress to a coma

Question 40

Insulin drug interactions

Answer 40

Hypoglycemic agents Hyperglycemia agents Beta blockers

Question 41

Insulin-hypoglycemic agents

Answer 41

Intensify effects of insulin

Question 42

Insulin-Hyperglycemia agents

Answer 42

Counteract effects of insulin

Question 43

Insulin- Beta Blockers

Answer 43

Delay awareness of hypoglycemia -Masks signs Bradycardia does not allow for warning signs

Question 44

Symptoms of hypoglycemia

Answer 44

``` Shaky Fast HR Sweating Dizzy Anxious Hungry Blurry vision Weakness or fatigue Headache Irritable ```

Question 45

Symptoms of hyperglycemia

Answer 45

``` Extreme thirst Need to urinate Dry skin Hungry Blurry vision Drowsy Slow-healing wounds ```