Drugs affecting the ANS: Part 1 Flashcards by Jenna Wahler

Somatic motor system controls..

Movement of voluntary muscles

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Autonomic nervous system controls..

Involuntary functions

Parasympathetic nerves
Sympathetic nerves

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What does the ANS primarily do?

1) Regulation of the heart
2) Regulation of secretory glands
3) Regulation of smooth muscles

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Regulation of smooth muscles includes..

Bronchi
Blood vessels
Urogenital tract
GI tract

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PNS \_\_\_ HR
\_\_\_\_\_ gastric secretions
\_\_\_\_\_\_ bladder and bowel
\_\_\_\_\_ the eye for \_\_\_ vision
\_\_\_\_\_ the pupil 
\_\_\_\_\_ bronchial smooth muscle

Slows
Increases
Empties
Focuses, near
Constricts 
Contracts

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Sympathetic nervous system main functions

1) Regulating the cardiovascular system
2) Regulating body temp
3) Implementing the “fight or flight” reaction

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"Fight or flight" 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ HR &amp; BP 
Shunt blood from \_\_\_\_ to \_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_ bronchi
\_\_\_\_\_\_ pupils 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ energy stores

Increase
Skin and viscera to skeletal muscles 
Dilate
Dilate
Mobilize

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Sympathetic response _____ vessels while the parasympathetic response ________ vessels

Constricts

Dilates

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Primary receptors of the ANS

Cholinergic receptors

Adrenergic receptors

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Cholinergic receptors

Mediate responses to acetylcholine

Parasympathetic

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Adrenergic receptors

Mediate responses to
-Epinephrine
-Norepinephrine
Sympathetic

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Anticholinergics look like…

Sympathetic tone

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What receptors does the sympathetic nervous system have?

Alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, beta 2 and dopamine

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Alpha 1 receptors affect..

Blood vessels (vasoconstriction)
Eye (dilation)
Bladder (relaxation)
Prostate (contraction)

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Beta 1 receptors affect…

Heart (increased contractility and HR)

Kidney (increased renin and angiotensin secretion and increased BP)

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Beta 2 receptors affect…

Smooth muscle (decreased GI motility)
Lungs (bronchodilator)
Uterus (relaxation of SM)
Liver (Increased blood sugar - glycogenolysis)

Some drugs activate ______ adrenercic receptors while others selectively activate ______

Multiple

One type

Anaphylaxis causes..

Hypotension
Bronchoconstriction
Edema of the glottis

Epinephrine IM activates..

Alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1 and beta 2

Epinephrine works by…

Increasing BP, decreasing bronchoconstriction and decreasing glottal swelling

Swelling is reduced by these drugs by..

Vasoconstriction ( alpha 1)

Epinephrine uses

Overcome AV heart block
Restore cardiac function following cardiac arrest
Bronchodilation for asthmatics
Treatment of choice for anaphylactic shock
Mydriasis fot ophthalmologic procedures

Adverse effects of epinephrine

Hypertensive crisis
Dysrhythmias
Angina pectoris
Hyperglycemia

Hypertensive crisis (epinephrine) is due to…

Vasoconstriction

Angina pectoris (epinephrine) is caused by..

Increased cardiac workload

Hyperglycemia (epinephrine) is caused by...

Breakdown of glycogen

Who would have difficulty tolerating epinephrine?

Diabetics and cardiac patients (but would still give for anaphylaxis)

Norepinephrine is similar to actions of epinephrine except it does not activate...

Beta 2 receptors No bronchodilation but no hyperglycemia (Diabetics) -Not as effective for anaphylaxis

Copamine receptor activation causes...

Dilation of the vasculature of the kidneys

Uses of dopamine receptor activation

Treatment of shock - improve renal perfusion and reduce the risk of renal failure *Also enhances cardiac performance

What types of shock will dopamine receptor activation be used for?

Hypovolemic, cardiogenic, to save the kidneys

Receptors for dopamine (intropin)

Dopamine, Beta 1, alpha 1 (at high doses)

Uses of dopamine (intropin)

Shock Heart failure Renal failure

Adverse effects of dopamine (intropin)

Tachycardia, dysrhythmias, angina

Positive inotropes..

Stimulate the heart

What other drug kept kidneys going before a transplant?

Mannitol