Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus: Part 1

Question 1

Diabetes mellitus technically means…

Answer 1

Honey fountain

Question 2

Diabetes mellitus causes production of..

Answer 2

Large amounts of glucose- rich urine

Question 3

Diabetes mellitus is a dosorder of…

Answer 3

Carbohydrate metabolism

Question 4

Type 1

Answer 4

Deficiency of insulin

Insulin dependent

Question 5

Type 2

Answer 5

Resistance to insulin’s actions

Non-insulin dependent

Question 6

________ tissue is much more resistant to insulin’s actions

Answer 6

Adipose

Question 7

Secondary diabetes

Answer 7

Pseuso-diabetes

Caused by diuretics, glucocorticoids, etc

Question 8

Type 1 Diabetes is _____ % of diabetes

Answer 8

5-10

Question 9

Type I Diabetes is _____ onset

Answer 9

Abrupt

Question 10

Type I Diabetes cause

Answer 10

Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
Early - reduces insulin
Late- no insulin

Question 11

Type II Diabetes

Answer 11

Most prevalent form

Strong link to obesity

Question 12

Type II Diabetes progresses _____

Answer 12

Gradually

Question 13

Pathophysiology of type II diabetes

Answer 13

Impaired insulin secretion + insulin resistance

Question 14

Short term complications of diabetes

Answer 14

Hyperglycemia
Hypoglycemia
Diabetic ketoacidosis / HHNKS

Question 15

Hypoglycemia

Answer 15

< 50 mg / dL

Question 16

Long-term complications of diabetes

Answer 16

Macrovascular damage (heart damage, hypertension, stroke) 
Microvascular damage (Retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy)

Question 17

Drugs that can increase blood glucose

Answer 17

Glucocorticoids
Diuretics (Thiazides, Loops)
Meds that stimulate ANS (Epinephrine, Theophylline, caffeine, beta-agonists)

Question 18

Gestational Diabetes

Answer 18

Diabetes that appears in pregnancy and resolves following birth of the infant

Question 19

Gestational Diabetes: blood glucose levels controlled by..

Answer 19

Diet

Insulin

Question 20

Gestational Diabetes: Inability to maintain euglycemia =

Answer 20

Macrosomic effects

Teratogenic effects

Question 21

Type I Diabetes treatment

Answer 21

Maintain weight
Exercise
Insulin replacement (Daily administration)

Question 22

Type II Diabetes treatment

Answer 22

Weight loss
Exercise 
Oral agents 
Insulin 
Other injectable agents

Question 23

Why is exercise good for Diabetes?

Answer 23

Increases cellular utilization of sugar

Question 24

Insulin promotes…

Answer 24

Conservation of energy (anabolic)

Question 25

Metabolic actions of insulin

Answer 25

Stimulates cellular uptake of glucose

Promotes synthesis of complex molecules (glycogen)

Question 26

Consequences of insulin deficiency

Answer 26

Places body in catabolic state (breakdown)

Promotes hyperglycemia

Question 27

How does insulin deficiency promote hyperglycemia? (3)

Answer 27

Increased glycogenolysis
Increased gluconeogenesis
Reduced glucose utilization

Question 28

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 28

Liver production of glucose

Question 29

“Normal” Insulin release

Answer 29

Basal and bolus insulin (bolus when we eat and basal throughout day)