Drugs affecting the ANS: Part 4 Flashcards
Anticholinergic drugs
Inhibit the actions of acetylcholine
Parasympatholytics
Anticholinergic drugs effects
Decrease in GI motility
Decrease in salivation
Dilation of pupils
Increase in pulse rate
Adverse effects of anticholinergics
Constipation, dry mouth, blurred vision, tachycardia, urinary retention
Atropine (anticholinergic) affects…
Heart, exocrine glands, smooth muscle, eye, CNS
What does atropine cause?
Increased HR, decreased saliva production, relaxation of bronchi, mydriasis, CNS excitation
Therapeutic uses of atropine
Preanesthetic medication
Disorders of the eye
Bradycardia
Intestinal hypertonicity
Atropine: preanesthetic medication
Treatment for bradycardia - makes them mildly tachycardic
Decrease salivary secretions
Atropine: disorders of the eye
Eye exams, surgery
Atropine: bradycardia
pre-existing condition
Atropine: intestinal hypertonicity
Mild dysentery
Diverticulitis
Adverse effects of atropine
Xerostomia (dry mouth) Blurred vision Elevation of intraocular pressure Urinary retention Constipation Tachycardia Asthma
Why does atropine cause asthma?
Because it is so dry - choke on secretions
Atropine drug interactions…
Medications that also cause muscarinic blockade can INCREASE the effects of atropine
Atropine drug interactions examples
Antihistamines (dry mouth)
Phenothiazine antipsychotics (horrendously drying)
Tricyclic antidepressants
Anticholinergic agents - Benztropine (Cogentin)
Decreases involuntary symptoms of Parkinsonism - tremors and muscle rigidity
Adverse effects of Benztropine (Cogentin)
Anticholinergic effects
Tachycardia / palpitations
Overactive bladder 4 symptoms
Urinary urgency
Urinary frequency
Nocturia
Urge incontinence
Anticholinergic drugs: overactive bladder
Block muscarinic receptors on bladder detrusor muscle… inhibit bladder contractions and urge to void
Anticholinergics used for overactive bladder
Oxybutynin (Ditropan)
Tolterodine (Detrol)
Anticholinergics used for overactive bladder should…
Cause sufficient blockade of muscarinic receptors without causing urinary retention (dosage just right)
Side effects of Anticholinergics used for overactive bladder
Dry mouth
Constipation
Tachycardia
Scopalomine is a…
Muscarinic antagonist, different because it crosses BBB
Ipratroprium bromide (Atrovent)
Anticholinergic used to treat asthma or rhinitis caused by allergies
Ipratroprium bromide (Atrovent) is administered by…
Inhalation
