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Pharmacology > Drugs for Hypertension: Part 2 > Flashcards

Drugs for Hypertension: Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common drug that we start hypertensive patients on?

A

Thiazide diuretics

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2
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide works by what two mechanisms?

A

Reduces blood volume

Reduces arterial resistance

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3
Q

_____ _____ ______ is responsible for initial antihypertensive side effects

A

Reduced blood volume

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4
Q

______ ______ ______ develops over time and is responsible for long term antihypertensive effects

A

Reduced arterial resistance

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5
Q

Adverse effects of hydrochlorothiazide

A

Hypokalemia, dehydration, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, hypovolemia

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6
Q

Hyperuricemia

A

Increased uric acid problem for people with gout

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7
Q

The closer to the beginning of the nephron that a drug works, the….

A

Stronger the effects

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8
Q

What drugs are the best diuretics that we have (closest to the glomerulus)?

A

Loops (but can cause profound dehydration)

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9
Q

High ceiling (loop) diuretics name

A

Furosemide (Lasix)

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10
Q

Lasix

A

Reduces BP by reducing blood volume and promoting vasodilation

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11
Q

Lasix is used for patients who…

A

Need greater diuresis than thiazides provide

Have renal insufficiency (Thiazides don’t work with low GFR)

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12
Q

Adverse effects of loop diuretics

A

Hypokalemia, dehydration, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, ototoxicity (hearing loss)

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13
Q

Loop diuretics should not be used with..

A

Any other atotoxic frug (Aminoglycosides - antibiotic = vancomycin)

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14
Q

Potassium sparing diuretics name

A

Spironolactone (Aldactone)

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15
Q

Potassium sparing diuretics

A

Diuresis is minimal, therefore there is modest hypotensive effects
Potassium sparing diuretics balance potassium loss caused by thiazides or loop diuretics

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16
Q

Adverse effects of potassium sparing diuretics

A

Hyperkalemia

*Do not use with another potassium sparing diuretic or potassium supplements

17
Q

What else should not be taken in conjunction with potassium sparing diuretics?

A

ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers - both promote hyperkalemia b/c of effect on aldosterone

18
Q

Beta adrenergic blockers names

A

Propranolol (Inderal)

Metoprolol (Lopressor)

19
Q

Lol =

A

Beta blocker

20
Q

Metoprolol (Lopressor) is…

A

Cardioselective

21
Q

Beta adrenergic blockers actions

A

Decreases HR & Contractility = decreased CO

Decreases renin release from the kidneys

22
Q

Adverse effects of beta-adrenergic blockers

A

Bradycardia, decreased AV conduction, reduced contractility

23
Q

Do not use beta-adrenergic blockers in patients with…

A

2nd or 3rd degree heart block

Asthma

24
Q

Use care with beta blockers in patients with

A

Heart failure

25
Q

How do beta blockers work?

A

Show electrical conduction from atria to ventricles

26
Q

You would watch a patient with CHF and a beta blocker for…

A

Edema, puffiness, difficulty breathing

27
Q

Propranolol blocks..

A

Beta 1 and 2 receptors (nonselective)
Also causes bronchoconstriction
Could exacerbate asthma or COPD

28
Q

Metropolol blocks,,,

A

Beta 1 only
More expensive
Should be safe for asthma and COPD

29
Q

Alpha 1 Blockers names

A

Doxazosin (Cardura), Terazosin (Hytrin)

30
Q

Apha 1 blockers

A

Prevent vasoconstriction by preventing stimulation of alpha 1 receptors on arterioles and veins (VASODULATION)

31
Q

Alpha 1 blockers reduce…

A

Peripheral resistance and venous return

32
Q

Zosin =

A

Alpha blockers

33
Q

Adverse effects of alpha 1 blockers

A

Orthostatic hypotension

Reflex tachycardia

34
Q

Are alpha 1 blockers recommended as a first-line therapy?

A

No b/c of side effects

35
Q

What causes reflex tachycardia?

A

Pressure receptors

36
Q

Alpha1-Beta1 Blockers names

Not on test

A

Carvedilol (Coreg), Labetalol (Trandate)

37
Q

Alpha1-Beta1 Blockers works by… (Not on test)

A

Promotes vasodilation (Alpha 1)
Reduces HR and contractility (Beta 1)
Suppresses release of renin (Beta 1 on juxtaglomerular cells)

38
Q

Adverse effects of Alpha1-Beta1 Blockers (not on test)

A

Orthostatic hypotension

Pharmacology (38 decks)

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