Drugs for Diabetes Mellitus: Part 4

Question 1

Gliptins med name

Answer 1

Sitagliptin (Januvia)

Question 2

Sitagliptin (Januvia) mechanism of action

Answer 2

Enhances actions of incretin hormones
Stimulates glucose dependent release of insulin
Suppresses postprandial release of glucagon

Question 3

Sitagliptin (Januvia) is uses as mono therapy or..

Answer 3

Combination for type 2 DM

Question 4

Sitagliptin (Januvia) adverse effects

Answer 4

Generally well tolerated
Upper respiratory infection
Headache
Inflammation throat / nasal

Question 5

Glyburide / Metformin

Answer 5

Glucovance

Question 6

Glipizide / Metformin

Answer 6

Metaglip

Question 7

Pramlintide (Symlin)

Answer 7

Injectable, complements effects of inulin

Question 8

Pramlintide (Symlin) actions

Answer 8

Reduce postprandial levels of glucose (Delay gastric emptying, suppress glucagon secretion)
Increase sense of satiety

Question 9

Pramlintide (Symlin) adverse effects

Answer 9

Hypoglycemia

Nausea

Question 10

Pramlintide (Symlin) drug interactions

Answer 10

Can delay absorption of oral drugs – want to put a ton of time between these and other drugs

Question 11

Pramlintide (Symlin) can be used for… (type)

Answer 11

Type 1 and type 2

Question 12

Pramlintide (Symlin) FDA warning

Answer 12

Severe hypoglycemic events can occur

Question 13

Exenatide (Byetta)

Answer 13

Injectable, GLP-1 Analog

Improves glucose control in patients taking oral agents

Question 14

Exenatide (Byetta) actions

Answer 14

Slows gastric emptying
Stimulates glucose dependent release of insulin
Inhibits postprandial release of glucagon
Suppresses appetite

Question 15

Exenatide (Byetta) adverse effects

Answer 15

Hypoglycemia (less than Symlin)

Pancreatitis

Question 16

Exenatide (Byetta) Drug interactions

Answer 16

Slow absorption of oral drugs

Question 17

Take Exenatide (Byetta)

Answer 17

Before first and last meal of every day

Question 18

Diabetic ketoacidosis is..

Answer 18

Severe manifestation of insulin deficiency

Question 19

Symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis

Answer 19

• Hyperglycemia
• Production of ketoacids
• Acidosis (metabolic)
• Coma

Question 20

Treatment of DKA

Answer 20

Restore insulin levels
Correct acidosis
Replace lost sodium and water
Normalize potassium and glucose levels

Question 21

What is used to treat DKA?

Answer 21

IV, fluid replacement, insulin IV drip then Bicarbonate

Question 22

Glucagon

Answer 22

Hormone produced by the pancreas that increases plasma glucose levels

Question 23

Glucagon is used to..

Answer 23

Increase blood glucose following insulin overdose (when a patient is unconscious)

Question 24

Glucagon actions

Answer 24

Promotes breakdown of glycogen
Reduces glycogen synthesis
Stimulates the synthesis of glucose

Question 25

Glucagon is administered…

Answer 25

IM
Sub Q
IV

Question 26

For severe hypoglycemia, ___ glucose is preferred

Answer 26

IV