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Pharmacology > Drugs Affecting Neurologic Functioning: Part 2 > Flashcards

Drugs Affecting Neurologic Functioning: Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

MAO-B inhibitors meds

A

Selegiline (Eldepryl)

Rasagiline (Azilect)

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2
Q

What do MAO-B inhibitors do?

A

They inhibit the enzyme MAO-B from inactivating dopamine

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3
Q

Adverse effects of MAO-B inhibitors

A

Insomnia
Orthostatic hypotension
Dizziness
Suicidal ideations

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4
Q

MAO-B Inhibitors are primarily used as…

A

Anti-depressants

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5
Q

Extremely high doses of MAO-B inhibitors can,,,

A

Inhibit Mao-A and increase the risk for hypertensive crisis when eaten with foods high in tyramine (aged cheese, red wine, bananas)

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6
Q

MAO-B Inhibitors are very effective but not great drugs because…

A

They interact with anything and everything

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7
Q

COMT Inhibitors meds

A

Tolcapone (Tasmar)

Entacapone (Comtan)

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8
Q

COMT Inhibitors work by…

A

Inhibiting the COMT enzyme which inactivates dopamine

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9
Q

COMT inhibitors are used in conjunction with…

A

Sinimet

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10
Q

Sinemet + Comtan =

A

Stalevo

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11
Q

Adverse effects of COMT Inhibitors

A

Affects liver function (Tasmar)
Dark yellow-orange urine
Can intensify effects of levodopa

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12
Q

Anticholinergics meds

A

Benztropine (Cogentin)

Trihexyphenidyl (Artane)

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13
Q

Anticholinergics mechanism of action

A

Inhibit the release of acetylcholine

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14
Q

Anticholinergics are used for…

A

Drug-induced parkinsonism

  • pseudoparkinsonism
  • Often caused by anti-psychotics
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15
Q

Adverse effects of anticholinergics

A

Dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, tachycardia, urinary retention

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16
Q

Alzheimer’s disease is characterized by…

A

Progressive memory loss
Impaired thinking
Neuropsychiatric symptoms (Hallucinations, delusions)

17
Q

Pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s Disease

A

Neuronal degeneration
Reduced levels of acetylcholine
Neurofibrillary tangles

18
Q

We treat Alzheimer’s with drugs that…

A

Maximize acetylcholine

19
Q

Early symptoms of Alzheimer’s

A

Memory loss

Confusion

20
Q

Later symptoms of Alzheimer’s

A

Impaired judgement

Personality changes

21
Q

Is there any effective therapy for Alzheimer’s core symptoms?

A

No

22
Q

Cholinesterase inhibitors action

A

Block the breakdown of acetylcholine by acetylcholinesterase
-Increase availability of acetylcholine
NOT a cure - slows progression

23
Q

Cholinesterase inhibitors show improvement in _____ of patients

A

25-30%

24
Q

Cholinesterase inhibitors therapeutic effects

A

Cognition

Memory

25
Q

Adverse effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

A

GI (NVD)

CNS (Dizziness, headache)

26
Q

Why is GI side effects harmful for Alzheimer’s patients?

A

They may forget that they need to use the bathroom

27
Q

GI side effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

A

First 3 months is worst

28
Q

Individual cholinesterase inhibitors

A

Rivastigmine (Exelon)
Donepezil (Aricept)
Tacrine (Cognex)

29
Q

Rivastigmine (Exelon)

A
  • GI effects
  • Significant weight loss in some patients
  • Hepatotoxicity
30
Q

Donepezil (Aricept)

A

Most widely used

No hepatotoxicity

31
Q

Tacrine (Cognex)

A 
Hepatotoxicity 
Frequent dosing (shorter half-life)
32
Q

Mementine (Namenda) uses

A

Moderate to severe dementia

33
Q

Mementine (Namenda) therapeutic effects

A

Slow decline in function

Symptom improvement

34
Q

Mementine (Namenda) is used in combination with…

A

Aricept

-Less decline in cognitive function

35
Q

Memantine (Namenda) mechanism of action

A

Modulates the effects of glutamate at the NMDA receptors - play a critical role in memory

36
Q

Adverse effects of Memantine (Namenda)

A

Well tolerated

  • Dizziness
  • Confusion
  • Headache

Pharmacology (38 decks)

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