Drugs for Hypertension: Part 1

Question 1

Stage 1 hypertension

Answer 1

140-159 / 90-99

Question 2

Stage 2 hypertension

Answer 2

160 / 100 and above

Question 3

Diagnosing hypertension must be based on..

Answer 3

Several pressure readings (at least two visits)

Question 4

Primary hypertension is AKA

Answer 4

Essential hypertension

Question 5

Primary hypertension

Answer 5

Hypertension with no identifiable cause

Can be successfully treated but not cured

Question 6

Secondary hypertension

Answer 6

An elevation of BP brought on by an identifiable primary cause

Question 7

Is cure possible for secondary hypertension?

Answer 7

Yes if the primary cause is treated

Can also be managed with medications

Question 8

Common secondary hypertension co-morbidities

Answer 8

Diabetes
Renal dysfunction
Profound atherosclerosis

Question 9

Left untreated, prolonged hypertension causes…

Answer 9

Heart disease, kidney disease and stroke, CHF

Question 10

HTN deaths usually result from…

Answer 10

Cerebral hemorrhage, renal failure, heart failure and MI

Question 11

Nurses should assess for…

Answer 11

Identifiable causes of HTN

Factors that increase cardiovascular risk

Question 12

Two types of factors that increase cardiovascular risk

Answer 12

Target-organ damage

Major risk factors

Question 13

Target organ damage factors

Answer 13

Heart disease, stroke /TIA, chronic kidney disease, peripheral arterial disease, retinopathy

Question 14

Major risk factors for cardiovascular risk

Answer 14

Cigarette smoking, obesity, inadequate exercise, dyslipidemia, diabetes, microalbuminuria, advancing age and family history

Question 15

Treatment goals for HTN

Answer 15

Reduce cardiovascular and renal morbidity and mortality

Maintain < 140 /80 for stage I and II

Question 16

For diabetics and chronic kidney disease patients, the goal BP is..

Answer 16

130/80

Question 17

For patients over the age of 50, the goal is to..

Answer 17

Reduce SYSTOLIC BP

Question 18

________ ______ will be our ultimate goal for stage 1 and 2 hypertension

Answer 18

Lifestyle changes

Question 19

Nonpharmacologic control of hypertension

Answer 19

Weight loss
Sodium restriction 
DASH 
Alcohol restriction 
Aerobic exercise
Smoking cessation 
Stress reduction techniques

Question 20

Drug therapy for HTN should be in conjunction with..

Answer 20

Lifestyle modifications

Question 21

Arterial blood pressure (ABP) =

Answer 21

Cardiac output (CO) x peripheral resistance

Question 22

An increase in either cardiac output or peripheral resistance will..

Answer 22

Increase BP

Question 23

4 factors in cardiac output

Answer 23

Heart rate, myocardial contractility (force of contraction), blood volume, venous return

Question 24

Increase in any factor of CO will…

Answer 24

Increase CO

Question 25

3 systems that help regulate BP

Answer 25

Sympathetic nervous system
Renin-angiotensin aldosterone system
The kidney

Question 26

Classes of hypertensives

Answer 26

Diuretics
Adrenergic inhibitors (alpha and beta blockers) 
Direct vasodilators
ACE inhibitors
Angiotensin II receptor blockers
Calcium antagonists

Question 27

Diuretics

Answer 27

Decrease blood volume

Question 28

Beta blockers

Answer 28

Decrease HR

Question 29

Alpha blockers

Answer 29

Cause vasodilation