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Pharmacology > Drugs dor CHD: Part 1 > Flashcards

Drugs dor CHD: Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Antihyperlipidemics

A

Decrease cholesterol

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2
Q

Coronary heart disease

A

Thickening of coronary arteries (deposition of fibrous plaque in the arterial wall)

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3
Q

CHD impeded coronary blood flow leading to…

A

Angina
Thrombi formation
MI

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4
Q

What do lipoproteins do?

A

Transport lipids (cholesterol & triglycerides) in blood

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5
Q

High density lipoproteins

A

“Good,” deliver cholesterol from tissues to liver

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6
Q

Low density lipoproteins

A

“Bad,” deliver cholesterol to tissues

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7
Q

Very low density lipoproteins

A

Deliver cholesterol to tissues

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8
Q

What is the #1 contributor to CHD?

A

LDLs

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9
Q

HDLs should be greater than ____ while LDLs should be lower than ____

A

60

100

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10
Q

Risk factors for CHD

A 
Increased LDL 
Decreased HDL
Smoking 
Diabetes 
Estrogen deficiency
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11
Q

Recommended lifestyle changes for CHD

A

Diet modification
Exercise (30-60 min)
Weight loss
Smoking cessation

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12
Q

Application of anti lipid drugs: approach

A

Reduce formation of atherosclerotic plaque which reduce narrowing of lumen in cardiac arteries

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13
Q

Antihyperlipidemics categories

A 
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) 
Bile acid sequestrants
Nicotinic acid 
Fibric acid
Ezetimibe
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14
Q

HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors (statins)

A 
Rosuvastatin (Crestor) 
Atorvastatin (Lipitor) 
Simvastatin (Zocor) 
Fluvastatin (Lescol) 
Lovastatin (Mevacor)
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15
Q

What is the most predominant group used of the hyperlipidemic?

A

Statins

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16
Q

CoA reductase is responsible for…

A

Cholesterol synthesis in the liver

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17
Q

Statins mechanism of action

A

Inhibit HMG-CoA reductase
Decreases LDL, VLDL, & triglycerides
Slightly increases HDL

18
Q

Statins promote ____ and reduces _____

A

Plaque stability

Risk of thrombosis

19
Q

Can statins be combined with antihypertensives?

A

Yes

20
Q

Statins are a ______ commitment

A

Lifetime

21
Q

What are the most effective drugs that we have with the fewest adverse effects?

A

Statins

22
Q

Adverse effects of statins

A 
Hepatotoxicity 
GI side effects 
Headaches
Myalgias
Rhabdomyolysis
23
Q

Myalgias

A

Muscle weakness

24
Q

Rhabdomyolysis

A

Muscle weakness where sequelae causes muscles to be broken down, myoglobin deposited in the kidneys

25
Q

What tests let us know if patients taking statins are safe or unsafe?

A

Liver function tests

26
Q

Nursing considerations with statins

A

Monitor liver enzymes
Take in the evening
Do NOT stop taking suddenly
Continue lifestyle modifications

27
Q

Bile acid sequestrants primary drug

A

Cholestyramine (Questran)

28
Q

What do bile acid sequestrants do?

A

Reduce LDL (often as adjust to statins)

29
Q

How do bile acid sequestrants work?

A

Bind to bile acids in small intestine and are excreted

30
Q

Adverse effects of bile acid sequestrants

A

Constipation, flatulence, binds to fat soluble vitamins

31
Q

Bile acid sequestrants adverse effects

A

Forms complexes with other drugs, reducing their bioavailability

32
Q

Bile acid sequestrants drug interactions

A

Forms insoluble complexes with other drugs reducing their bioavailability

33
Q

What vitamins do bile acid sequestrants bind to?

A

ADEK

34
Q

Nicotinic acid (Niacin)

A

Most effective at increasing HDL (but also reduces LDL, VLDL and triglycerides)

35
Q

Adverse effects of nicotinic adverse effects

A

Flushing, GI upset, itching, hot flashes, hepatotoxicity

36
Q

What vitamin is Niacin

A

Vitamin B3

37
Q

CanNiacin be used with statins?

A

Yes

38
Q

Niacin is only effective as cholesterol treatment in..

A

High doses - prescription

39
Q

What can a person do if they have adverse effects to Nicotinic acid?

A

Pre-treat with aspirin

40
Q

What do you need to watch when a patient is on niacin and statins?

A

Hepatotoxicity

Pharmacology (38 decks)

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