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Pharmacology > Drugs for Respiratory Disorders: Part 1 > Flashcards

Drugs for Respiratory Disorders: Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

COPD

A

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

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2
Q

3 types of COPD

A

Asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema

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3
Q

______ is the prototype for all of what is happening with COPD

A

Asthma

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4
Q

3 significant symptoms of COPD

A

Dyspnea, bronchoconstriction, mucus secretions

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5
Q

Over production of mucus can cause ______ _____ which can increase infection

A

Bacteria trapping

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6
Q

Asthma

A

Inflammatory disorder of the lungs

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7
Q

Asthma is triggered by…

A

Stress
Allergens
Pollutants

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8
Q

Asthma leads to.. (physiologic events)

A

Bronchoconstriction and airway inflammation

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9
Q

What drugs are the best anti-inflammatories for asthma?

A

Steroids

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10
Q

Chronic bronchitis physiological events

A

Bronchial inflammation and excessive mucus secretion

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11
Q

Emphysema physiologic events

A

Destruction of the alveolar sacs

Enlargement of the alveoli - air trapping

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12
Q

Significant manifestation of emphysema

A

Barrel chest (lungs are huge)

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13
Q

Both chronic bronchitis and emphysema are caused by..

A

Smoking, genetic factors, air pollutants

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14
Q

Bronchodilators

A

Beta 2 agonists
Anticholinergics
Methylxanthines

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15
Q

Antiinflammatories

A

Glucocorticoids
Cromolyn
Leukotrines
IgE Antagonist

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16
Q

Beta 2 Adrenergic agonists are AKA…

A

Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin

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17
Q

Beta-2 adrenergic agonists are most effective for..

A

Relieving acute bronchospasm

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18
Q

Albuterol is good for..

A

Emergencies

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19
Q

Albuterol causes ________ tone

A

Sympathetic

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20
Q

Albuterol mechanism of action

A

Selective activation of Beta 2 receptors in lungs

21
Q

3 actions of albuterol

A

Promote bronchodilation
Suppress histamine release
Increase ciliary motility

22
Q

What does suppressing histamine release do?

A

Decreases inflammation

23
Q

What does increasing ciliary motility do?

A

Cilia moves gunk out

24
Q

Inhaled albuterol

A

Short acting > immediate relief
Peak 30 - 60 minutes
PRN

25
Q

Oral albuterol

A

Long acting = prophylaxis
Exercise-induced asthma
Not first line, not used alone

26
Q

Long acting inhaled Beta 2 agonists have a..

A

Fixed schedule

27
Q

Long acting inhaled Beta 2 agonists

A

Salmeterol (reverent diskus)

Formoterol (foradil)

28
Q

Duration of long acting inhaled Beta 2 agonists

A

12 hours

29
Q

Long acting inhaled Beta 2 agonists are

A

Used for long term prophylaxis, not for acute attack

30
Q

Beta 1 receptors cause.. (adverse effects)

A

Angina

Dysrhythmias

31
Q

Beta 2 receptors cause.. (adverse effects)

A

Tremors (reduced with lowered dose)

-Will decline spontaneously over time with continues use

32
Q

Beta 1 receptors are found in the..

A

Heart

33
Q

Beta 2 receptors are found in the..

A

Lungs

34
Q

3 devices for inhaled quick relied

A

Metered dose inhalers
Dry powder inhalers
Nebulizers

35
Q

MDIs

A

1-2 puffs 3-4 times a day
Wait 1 min between puffs
Can be difficult to use

36
Q

How much drug in MDIs reaches the lungs?

A

10%; 80% oropharynx and swallowed

37
Q

DPIs

A

1-2 puffs 3-4 times / day
Wait 1 min between puffs
Less difficult to use

38
Q

How much drug reaches the lungs with DPIs?

A

20%

39
Q

Nebulizers

A

Deliver dose slowly - over 10 minutes

Bronchi gradually dilate and drug gains deeper access to lungs

40
Q

Spacers

A

Attach to MDI and decrease deposition on oropharyngeal mucosa

41
Q

Why do DPIs look different?

A

NOT emergency drugs

42
Q

DPIs are _____ acting

A

Long

Prevent next attack

43
Q

How do nebulizers work?

A

Small machine converts drug solution to mist

44
Q

Nebulizers are mainly for…

A

Acute exacerbations

45
Q

First step (drug) in asthma control is..

A

Albuterol

46
Q

If a person is needing to overuse albuterol, what drug would be added?

A

Inhaled or oral long acting or go to steroids

47
Q

What if the patient is still having exacerbations?

A

Add whatever was not adding before (inhaled / oral long acting or steroids)

48
Q

Both Salmeterol and Formoterol are dosed every…

A

12 hours

49
Q

Oral Beta 2 agonists

A

Albuterol Terbutaline

Pharmacology (38 decks)

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