Drugs for Respiratory Disorders: Part 1

Question 1

COPD

Answer 1

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Question 2

3 types of COPD

Answer 2

Asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema

Question 3

______ is the prototype for all of what is happening with COPD

Answer 3

Asthma

Question 4

3 significant symptoms of COPD

Answer 4

Dyspnea, bronchoconstriction, mucus secretions

Question 5

Over production of mucus can cause ______ _____ which can increase infection

Answer 5

Bacteria trapping

Question 6

Asthma

Answer 6

Inflammatory disorder of the lungs

Question 7

Asthma is triggered by…

Answer 7

Stress
Allergens
Pollutants

Question 8

Asthma leads to.. (physiologic events)

Answer 8

Bronchoconstriction and airway inflammation

Question 9

What drugs are the best anti-inflammatories for asthma?

Answer 9

Steroids

Question 10

Chronic bronchitis physiological events

Answer 10

Bronchial inflammation and excessive mucus secretion

Question 11

Emphysema physiologic events

Answer 11

Destruction of the alveolar sacs

Enlargement of the alveoli - air trapping

Question 12

Significant manifestation of emphysema

Answer 12

Barrel chest (lungs are huge)

Question 13

Both chronic bronchitis and emphysema are caused by..

Answer 13

Smoking, genetic factors, air pollutants

Question 14

Bronchodilators

Answer 14

Beta 2 agonists
Anticholinergics
Methylxanthines

Question 15

Antiinflammatories

Answer 15

Glucocorticoids
Cromolyn
Leukotrines
IgE Antagonist

Question 16

Beta 2 Adrenergic agonists are AKA…

Answer 16

Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin

Question 17

Beta-2 adrenergic agonists are most effective for..

Answer 17

Relieving acute bronchospasm

Question 18

Albuterol is good for..

Answer 18

Emergencies

Question 19

Albuterol causes ________ tone

Answer 19

Sympathetic

Question 20

Albuterol mechanism of action

Answer 20

Selective activation of Beta 2 receptors in lungs

Question 21

3 actions of albuterol

Answer 21

Promote bronchodilation
Suppress histamine release
Increase ciliary motility

Question 22

What does suppressing histamine release do?

Answer 22

Decreases inflammation

Question 23

What does increasing ciliary motility do?

Answer 23

Cilia moves gunk out

Question 24

Inhaled albuterol

Answer 24

Short acting > immediate relief
Peak 30 - 60 minutes
PRN

Question 25

Oral albuterol

Answer 25

Long acting = prophylaxis Exercise-induced asthma Not first line, not used alone

Question 26

Long acting inhaled Beta 2 agonists have a..

Answer 26

Fixed schedule

Question 27

Long acting inhaled Beta 2 agonists

Answer 27

Salmeterol (reverent diskus) | Formoterol (foradil)

Question 28

Duration of long acting inhaled Beta 2 agonists

Answer 28

12 hours

Question 29

Long acting inhaled Beta 2 agonists are

Answer 29

Used for long term prophylaxis, not for acute attack

Question 30

Beta 1 receptors cause.. (adverse effects)

Answer 30

Angina | Dysrhythmias

Question 31

Beta 2 receptors cause.. (adverse effects)

Answer 31

Tremors (reduced with lowered dose) | -Will decline spontaneously over time with continues use

Question 32

Beta 1 receptors are found in the..

Answer 32

Heart

Question 33

Beta 2 receptors are found in the..

Answer 33

Lungs

Question 34

3 devices for inhaled quick relied

Answer 34

Metered dose inhalers Dry powder inhalers Nebulizers

Question 35

MDIs

Answer 35

1-2 puffs 3-4 times a day Wait 1 min between puffs Can be difficult to use

Question 36

How much drug in MDIs reaches the lungs?

Answer 36

10%; 80% oropharynx and swallowed

Question 37

DPIs

Answer 37

1-2 puffs 3-4 times / day Wait 1 min between puffs Less difficult to use

Question 38

How much drug reaches the lungs with DPIs?

Answer 38

20%

Question 39

Nebulizers

Answer 39

Deliver dose slowly - over 10 minutes | Bronchi gradually dilate and drug gains deeper access to lungs

Question 40

Spacers

Answer 40

Attach to MDI and decrease deposition on oropharyngeal mucosa

Question 41

Why do DPIs look different?

Answer 41

NOT emergency drugs

Question 42

DPIs are _____ acting

Answer 42

Long | Prevent next attack

Question 43

How do nebulizers work?

Answer 43

Small machine converts drug solution to mist

Question 44

Nebulizers are mainly for...

Answer 44

Acute exacerbations

Question 45

First step (drug) in asthma control is..

Answer 45

Albuterol

Question 46

If a person is needing to overuse albuterol, what drug would be added?

Answer 46

Inhaled or oral long acting or go to steroids

Question 47

What if the patient is still having exacerbations?

Answer 47

Add whatever was not adding before (inhaled / oral long acting or steroids)

Question 48

Both Salmeterol and Formoterol are dosed every...

Answer 48

12 hours

Question 49

Oral Beta 2 agonists

Answer 49

Albuterol Terbutaline