Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Drugs Affecting Neurologic Functioning: Part 3 > Flashcards

Drugs Affecting Neurologic Functioning: Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Epilepsy

A

Seizure generation

-Synchronous, high-frequency discharge from a group of neurons (FOCUS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Clinical symptoms of epilepsy depend on…

A

Location of seizure FOCUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Simple partial seizure

A

No LOC

Ex: twitchy thumb, sensory numbness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Partial complex seizure

A

Loss of consciousness
Automatisms
Will not be “with you”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Generalized: Tonic-clonic seizure

A

Major convulsions

Has post-ictal stage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Generalized: Absence seizure

A

Brief loss of consciousness
Mild motor activity
Can have hundreds a day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Mechanisms of action of anti epileptic drugs

A

Suppression of sodium influx
Suppression of calcium influx
Antagonism of glutamate
Potentiation of GABA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is glutamate?

A

Excitatory neurotransmitter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is GABA?

A

Inhibitory neurotransmitter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does suppressing the influx of sodium do?

A

Causes prolonged inactivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Monitoring Plasma drug levels: Tonic clonic seizures

A

Plasma drug levels
are used to adjust dosing of medications to an effective level
-Monitor patient adherence
-Identify causes of toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Traditional Anti-epileptic drugs

A

Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Clonazepam (Klonopin)
Phenobarbital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Newer anti-epileptic drugs

A 
Oxcarzepine (Trileptal) 
Lamotrigine (Lamictal) 
Gabapentin (Neurontin) 
Ethosuximide (Zarontin) 
Levetiracetam (Keppra)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the most widely used AED?

A

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Phenytoin (Dilantin) action

A

Selective inhibition of sodium channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Uses of phenytoin (Dilantin)

A

Epilepsy
-Partial
-Tonic clonic seizures
Cardiac dysrhythmias (Digoxin-induced)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The capacity of the liver to metabolize phenytoin is

A

Limited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The relationship between dosing and plasma levels of Phenytoin is..

A

Unusual.. Difficult to maintain safe and effective dosing (Plasma levels necessary)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Adverse effects of Phenytoin

A 
Nystagmus (eye shaking) 
Sedation 
Gingival hyperplasia 
Skin rash 
Effects in pregnancy (Teratogen) 
Dysrhythmias
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Phenytoin causes decreased levels of…

A

Oral contraceptives
Coumadin
Glucocorticoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Drugs that increase Phenytoin

A

Diazepam
Cimetidine
Alcohol

22
Q

Drugs that decrease Phenytoin

A

Carbamazepine
Phenobarbital
Alcohol (chronic use)

23
Q

Carbamazepine (Tegretol) action

A

Slows recovery of sodium channels

24
Q

Adverse effects of Carbamazepine (Tegretol)

A 
CNS 
-Dizziness
-Visual disturbances 
-Headache 
-Sedation 
Hematologic (Rare) 
-Bone marrow suppression 
     Leukopenia
     Anemia 
     Thrombocytopenia
25
Q

Carbamazepine (Tegretol) works almost identically to…

A

Dilantin

26
Q

You would pull patient off of Carbamazepine (Tegretol) if they had…

A

Hematologic effects

27
Q

Benzodiazepines (Anxiolytics) meds

A

Clonazepam (Klonipin)
Diazepam (Valium)
Lorazepam (Ativan)

28
Q

Benzodiazepines are also used for….

A

Anxiety

29
Q

Benzodiazepines are used for…

A

Status epilepticus (seizure that will not end)

30
Q

How are Benzodiazepines given?

A

Slow IV to prevent respiratory depression and hypotension

31
Q

Adverse effects of Benzodiazepines

A

Sedation

Long term = dependence

32
Q

What is happening during status epilepticus?

A

Not breathing properly, tachycardic, tachypnic, BP rises

33
Q

Phenobarbital action

A

Pontentiates the effects of GABA

34
Q

Adverse effects of Phenobarbital

A

Sedation for most patients
Depression
Children > Paradoxical response (bouncing off the walls)

35
Q

Dependence issues with Phenobarbital

A

Physical dependence can occur, discontinuation of the drug should not be done abruptly to prevent withdrawal

36
Q

Switching drugs - Phenobarbital

A

Slowly increase one and slowly decrease another

37
Q

Compared to the traditional AEDs, the newer AEDs are….

A 
Not as widely used
Equally effective 
Less side effects 
Safer in pregnancy 
Less drug interactions
Cost more
38
Q

Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal) is a derivative of…

A

Carbamazepine

39
Q

Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal) action

A

Blockade of sodium channels

40
Q

Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal)

A 
Hyponatremia 
Dizziness
Double vision 
Headache 
(Less sedation than traditional drug)
41
Q

Lamotrigine (Lamictal) is used for..

A

Partial and absence seizures

Children with Lennox- Gastaut syndrome

42
Q

Adverse effects of Lamotrigine (Lamictal)

A

Rash - discontinue due to risk of Stevens-Johnsons
(usually starts in periphery)
Drowsiness
Insomnia

43
Q

Lennox-Gastaut syndrome

A

Fairly rare syndrome of seizure activity

44
Q

Levetriracetam (Keppra) is used for..

A

Complex partial seizures

45
Q

Levetriracetam (Keppra) in comparison to other anticonvulsants

A

Less drug interactions

46
Q

Adverse effects of Levetriracetam (Keppra)

A

Drowsiness / dizziness
Depression
Rash

47
Q

Gabapentin (Neurontin)uses

A

Adjunctive therapy for partial seizures

Neuropathic pain

48
Q

Gabapentin (Neurontin) action

A

Unknown… Enhance GABA release

49
Q

Gabapentin (Neurontin) reactions

A

Well tolerated
Dizziness
Fatigue
Sedation

50
Q

Gabapentin (Neurontin) has a _____ therapeutic window

A

HUGE

51
Q

What group often suffers from neuropathic pain?

A

Diabetics

52
Q

Management of epilepsy during pregnancy

A

Use of lowest effective dose of AEDs

Use of mono therapy during pregnancy

Pharmacology (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions