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Pharmacology > Drugs affecting GI function: Part 3 > Flashcards

Drugs affecting GI function: Part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Anti-emetics

A

Used to suppress nausea and vomiting

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2
Q

Vomiting is caused by..

A

Activation of vomiting center in medulla oblongata
Direct acting
Indirect acting

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3
Q

Indirect acting

A

Activation of chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ)

Many receptors involves: serotonin, glucocorticoids, dopamine

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4
Q

Serotonin receptor antagonists

A

Most effective drugs available

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5
Q

Serotonin receptor antagonists drug

A

Ondansetron (Zofran)

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6
Q

Zofran is used for..

A

Acute emesis

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7
Q

Zofran is effective when used alone or in combination with…

A

Dexamethasone (glucocorticoid)

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8
Q

Side effects of SRAs

A

Headache
Diarrhea
Dizziness

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9
Q

Zofran is usually taken…

A

Sublingually

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10
Q

Zofran lasts for about..

A

6 hours so you cannot redone frequently

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11
Q

Glucocorticoids - antiemetics examples

A

Methylprednisone (Solu-medrol)

Dexamethasone (Decadron)

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12
Q

Glucocorticoids are used to….

A

Suppress chemotherapy - induced nausea and vomiting (not FDA approved)

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13
Q

Mechanism of glucocorticoids

A

Unknown

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14
Q

Glucocorticoids have a ____ use

A

Intermittent / short

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15
Q

Aprepitant (Emend)

A

Blocks P / neurokinin 1 receptors in brain - enhanced action of other antiemetics
Prevents delayed and acute CINV

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16
Q

Adverse effects of aprepitant

A

Fatigue
Hiccups
Dizziness

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17
Q

Aprepitant drug interactions

A

COMPLEX (interacts with everything)

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18
Q

Aprepitant is the most _____ and least _____

A

Potent

Used

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19
Q

Dronabinol

A

Cannabinoid family

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20
Q

Marinol uses

A

Suppression of nausea

Appetite stimulant

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21
Q

Adverse effects Marinol

A

Temporal disintegration, dysphoria, potential for abuse

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22
Q

Dopamine antagonists

A

Block dopamine 2 receptors - anticholinergic effects

23
Q

Side effects of dopamine antagonists

A

Anticholinergic effects and extrapyramidal reactions

24
Q

Uses for dopamine antagonists

A

Surgical emesis, chemotherapy, general

25
Q

Types of dopamine antagonists

A

Promethazine (Phenergan)

Metoclopramide (Reglan)

26
Q

Reglan has…

A

Additional pro kinetic effects

27
Q

Dopamine antagonists administration

A

Will burn no matter where you get it

28
Q

Reglan is okay for…

A

Pregnancy

29
Q

If you have narcotics on board, you should use…

A

Phenergan or Zofran

30
Q

Drugs for motion sickness

A

Scopalamine

Antihistamines

31
Q

Scopalamine

A

Muscarinic antagonist
Most effective drug
Patch behind ear

32
Q

Scopalamine side effects

A

Dry mouth, blurred vision, drowsiness

33
Q

Antihistamines

A

Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)

34
Q

Dramamine

A

Anticholinergic agent

35
Q

Antihistamines side effects

A

Same as scopolamine

36
Q

When you take the scopalamine patch, how long does it take to start working?

A

2 days

37
Q

Specific anti-diarrheal agents

A

Treat underlying cause

38
Q

Nonspecific antidiarrheal agents

A

Act on or within bowel to provide symptomatic relief

39
Q

Opioids used for diarrhea

A

Diphenoxylate (with atropine) (Lomotil)

40
Q

Diphenoxylate

A

Most effective antidiarrheal agents

Schedule V narcotic

41
Q

Diphenoxylate actions

A

Decrease intestinal motility

Decreases fluid secretion into the intestine

42
Q

There is ______ dependence risk with Diphenoxylate because of…

A

Little

Addition of atropine (makes them feel sick so less chance of developing addiction)

43
Q

Diphenoxylate severe overdose would be treated with…

A

Naloxone

44
Q

Loperamide (Imodium)

A

Structure similar to meperidine, suppresses bowel motility, decreases fluid secretion, no morphine-like effects

45
Q

Loperamide (Imodium) is…

A

OTC

46
Q

Imodium does not have euphoria because…

A

There is no narcotic in it

47
Q

Take Imodium…

A

Every time you have diarrhea

48
Q

Anorectal preparations

A

Provide symptomatic relief for hemorrhoids and rectal fissures (pain, itching)

49
Q

Anorectal preparations incluse…

A

Local / topical anesthetics
Hydrocortisone
Emollients
Astringents

50
Q

Hydrocortisone

A

Anti-inflammatory

51
Q

Emollients

A

Mineral oil, lanolin

Reduce irritation

52
Q

Astringents

A

Witch hazel, reduce inflammation and irritation

53
Q

Anorectal preparations trade names

A

Preparation H, Anusol, Tucks

54
Q

Anorectal preparations include…

A

Suppositories, ointment, wipes

Pharmacology (38 decks)

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