Drugs affecting GI function: Part 3

Question 1

Anti-emetics

Answer 1

Used to suppress nausea and vomiting

Question 2

Vomiting is caused by..

Answer 2

Activation of vomiting center in medulla oblongata
Direct acting
Indirect acting

Question 3

Indirect acting

Answer 3

Activation of chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ)

Many receptors involves: serotonin, glucocorticoids, dopamine

Question 4

Serotonin receptor antagonists

Answer 4

Most effective drugs available

Question 5

Serotonin receptor antagonists drug

Answer 5

Ondansetron (Zofran)

Question 6

Zofran is used for..

Answer 6

Acute emesis

Question 7

Zofran is effective when used alone or in combination with…

Answer 7

Dexamethasone (glucocorticoid)

Question 8

Side effects of SRAs

Answer 8

Headache
Diarrhea
Dizziness

Question 9

Zofran is usually taken…

Answer 9

Sublingually

Question 10

Zofran lasts for about..

Answer 10

6 hours so you cannot redone frequently

Question 11

Glucocorticoids - antiemetics examples

Answer 11

Methylprednisone (Solu-medrol)

Dexamethasone (Decadron)

Question 12

Glucocorticoids are used to….

Answer 12

Suppress chemotherapy - induced nausea and vomiting (not FDA approved)

Question 13

Mechanism of glucocorticoids

Answer 13

Unknown

Question 14

Glucocorticoids have a ____ use

Answer 14

Intermittent / short

Question 15

Aprepitant (Emend)

Answer 15

Blocks P / neurokinin 1 receptors in brain - enhanced action of other antiemetics
Prevents delayed and acute CINV

Question 16

Adverse effects of aprepitant

Answer 16

Fatigue
Hiccups
Dizziness

Question 17

Aprepitant drug interactions

Answer 17

COMPLEX (interacts with everything)

Question 18

Aprepitant is the most _____ and least _____

Answer 18

Potent

Used

Question 19

Dronabinol

Answer 19

Cannabinoid family

Question 20

Marinol uses

Answer 20

Suppression of nausea

Appetite stimulant

Question 21

Adverse effects Marinol

Answer 21

Temporal disintegration, dysphoria, potential for abuse

Question 22

Dopamine antagonists

Answer 22

Block dopamine 2 receptors - anticholinergic effects

Question 23

Side effects of dopamine antagonists

Answer 23

Anticholinergic effects and extrapyramidal reactions

Question 24

Uses for dopamine antagonists

Answer 24

Surgical emesis, chemotherapy, general

Question 25

Types of dopamine antagonists

Answer 25

Promethazine (Phenergan) | Metoclopramide (Reglan)

Question 26

Reglan has...

Answer 26

Additional pro kinetic effects

Question 27

Dopamine antagonists administration

Answer 27

Will burn no matter where you get it

Question 28

Reglan is okay for...

Answer 28

Pregnancy

Question 29

If you have narcotics on board, you should use...

Answer 29

Phenergan or Zofran

Question 30

Drugs for motion sickness

Answer 30

Scopalamine | Antihistamines

Question 31

Scopalamine

Answer 31

Muscarinic antagonist Most effective drug Patch behind ear

Question 32

Scopalamine side effects

Answer 32

Dry mouth, blurred vision, drowsiness

Question 33

Antihistamines

Answer 33

Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)

Question 34

Dramamine

Answer 34

Anticholinergic agent

Question 35

Antihistamines side effects

Answer 35

Same as scopolamine

Question 36

When you take the scopalamine patch, how long does it take to start working?

Answer 36

2 days

Question 37

Specific anti-diarrheal agents

Answer 37

Treat underlying cause

Question 38

Nonspecific antidiarrheal agents

Answer 38

Act on or within bowel to provide symptomatic relief

Question 39

Opioids used for diarrhea

Answer 39

Diphenoxylate (with atropine) (Lomotil)

Question 40

Diphenoxylate

Answer 40

Most effective antidiarrheal agents | Schedule V narcotic

Question 41

Diphenoxylate actions

Answer 41

Decrease intestinal motility | Decreases fluid secretion into the intestine

Question 42

There is ______ dependence risk with Diphenoxylate because of...

Answer 42

Little | Addition of atropine (makes them feel sick so less chance of developing addiction)

Question 43

Diphenoxylate severe overdose would be treated with...

Answer 43

Naloxone

Question 44

Loperamide (Imodium)

Answer 44

Structure similar to meperidine, suppresses bowel motility, decreases fluid secretion, no morphine-like effects

Question 45

Loperamide (Imodium) is...

Answer 45

OTC

Question 46

Imodium does not have euphoria because...

Answer 46

There is no narcotic in it

Question 47

Take Imodium...

Answer 47

Every time you have diarrhea

Question 48

Anorectal preparations

Answer 48

Provide symptomatic relief for hemorrhoids and rectal fissures (pain, itching)

Question 49

Anorectal preparations incluse...

Answer 49

Local / topical anesthetics Hydrocortisone Emollients Astringents

Question 50

Hydrocortisone

Answer 50

Anti-inflammatory

Question 51

Emollients

Answer 51

Mineral oil, lanolin | Reduce irritation

Question 52

Astringents

Answer 52

Witch hazel, reduce inflammation and irritation

Question 53

Anorectal preparations trade names

Answer 53

Preparation H, Anusol, Tucks

Question 54

Anorectal preparations include...

Answer 54

Suppositories, ointment, wipes