Muscular System - Muscles of the Body : Core Musculature Flashcards
As what is the core also commonly referred to as?
The LPHC (Lumbo-pelvic-hip complex)
What are the primary core muscles?
Multifidus (lumbar), Pelvic Floor Muscles, Transverse Abdominis, Internal oblique, Diaphragm
What muscle is considered the six-pack muscle?
The rectus abdominis
What is the primary job of the rectus abdominis?
Anterior spinal flexion
What is the primary purpose of the core?
To provide stability and rigidity to the area of the spine and pelvic region
The core is separated into what two areas?
Inner unit and outer unit core
What muscles is the outer unit made of?
Rectus abdominis, External obliques, erector spinae, quadratus lumborum, iliopsoas, rectus femoris hip adductors, glute maximus, hamstrings
What is the primary function of the outer unit?
To provide movement
What is the primary function of the inner unit?
To provide stabilization
What muscle is the inner core unit made up of?
Multifidus, Diaphragm, Internal oblique, Transverse abdominis, Plevic Floor Muscles
Where is the internal oblique located?
Above the transverse abdominis and below the external oblique, on the lateral side of the body
What are the two main functions of the Internal Oblique?
1, The conctraction and relaxation of the internal oblique to allow movement in the diaphragm. 2, rotation and lateral flexion of the upper body
What is the primary job of the transverse abdominis in the inner core unit
To provide lumbar stability
Where is the diaphragm located?
The diaphragm is a domelike sheet of muscle located between the thoracic and abdominal cavities
What is the diaphragm responsible for?
It’s responsible for the increase and decrease of lung size when inhaling and exhaling. It also provides lumbar stability by working together with the other inner unit core muscles.
What role does the pelvic muscles play in the inner unit core?
It assits in stabilizing the spine an pelvis
What 2 part can the Multifidus be broken down into?
Superfical and deep muscles
What is superficial multifidus responsible for?
It’s responsible for back extension, rotation, and lateral flexion
What is deep multifidus responsible for?
It’s responsible for spine stabilization
What is the primary purpose of the outer core unit?
To produce movement, and secondarily, assit in providing stabilitzation to LPHC
What is the external oblique responsible for?
It’s responsible for the flexion of the spine as well as rotational and lateral flexion of the spine.
What is the primary function of the erector spinae?
Extension and lateral flexion of the spine. Secondarily, it provides stabilization to the spine
Into what three groups is the erector spinae divided into?
Spinalis, Longissimus, Iliocostalis
Where does the internal abdominal oblique originate from?
The two thirds of the iliac crest, the inguinal ligament, and the thoracolumbar fascia.
Where does the internal abdominal oblique insert?
Along the structures of the midline, including the inferior margins of the ribs 10 - 12, the linea alba, the pubic crest.
Where does the transverse abdominis originate from?
Iliac crest (pelvis), inguinal ligament (pelvis), thoracolumbar fascia (lumbar region), costal cartilages of the 7th -12 ribs (Thoracic region).
Where does the TVA insert
Linea alba (anterior and medial), Pubic crest and pectineal line (pelvis)
With what muscle does the multifidus co-contract with and why?
TVA, to provide spinal stability
With what muscle does the TVA co-contract with and why?
Multifidus, to provide spinal stability
Where does the Quadratus Lumborum originate from?
From the iliac crest
Where does the Quadratus Lumborum insert?
It inserts into the lowest rib and side of the lumbar vertebrae.
What does the QL do?
The QL acts to stabilize the pelvis and laterally flex the lumbar spine.
What muscles comprise the muscle group commonly termed hip flexors?
Poas Minor, Poas Major, Illiacus.
Where does the Poas Major originate from?
T12 and L1 to L4 vertebrae
Where does the Poas Major insert?
It inserts into the lesser trochanter of the femur
Where does the Illiacus originate from?
the iliac fossa on the interior side of the hip bone, and also from the region of the anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)
Where does the Illiacus insert?
Base of the lesser trochanter of femur
What muscles are responsible for hip flexion?
Poas & Illiacus
what muscles are responsible for hip adduction?
Adductor Magnus, Adductor Brevis, Gracilis, Adductor Longus, Pectineus, Iliacus, Poas Major
Where does the adductor Magnus originate from?
It originates from the pubic ramus, Ischial Ramus and Ischial tuberosity.
Where does the adductor Magnus insert?
The Linea aspera, the medial supracondylar line, and adducter tubercle of the femur.
What are the functions of the adductor Magnus?
Is primary function is hip adduction hip extension and hip flexion.
Where does the adductor brevis originate from?
It originates from the body of the pubis and inferior pubic rami.
Where does the adductor brevis insert?
Attaches to the Linea Aspera on the posterior surface of the femur.
What is the Adductor brevis primary function?
Adduction of the thigh
Where does the Gracilis muscle originate from?
It originates from the medial aspect of the ischiopubic ramus and the body of the pubis
Where does the Gracilis insert?
It inserts on the medial side of the tibia at the top of the pes anserinus
What is the function of the Gracilis?
It flexes the knee, adducts the thigh and medially rotate the tibia on the femur.
Where does the Adductor Longus originate from?
It originates from the anterior surface of the body of the pubis, inferior to the pubic Crest and lateral to the pubic symphysis
Where is the adductor longus insert
It inserts onto the middle third of the medial lip of the Linea aspera.
Where does the Pectineus originate from?
It originates from the pectineus line of the pubis on the superior aspect of the pubis ramus
Where does the pectineus insert?
It inserts in the into the posterior surface of the femur along the pectineal line and proximal part of the Linea aspera
What is the function of the pectineus?
To adduct and flex the thigh at the hip joint.
What muscles make up the hamstring?
Bicep femoris, semitendinosus and semimembranosus
Where does the long head and short head of the bicep femoris originate from
The long head of the bicep femoris originates from the Ischial tuberosity and the short head from the Linea aspera and the lateral supracondylar line of the femur.
Where does the biceps femoris insert?
Both the short head and the long head of the Bicep femoris insert into the lateral aspect of the fibular head
What does the long head of the bicep femoris do?
The long head flexes the knee, extends the hip, laterally rotates lower leg when is slightly flexed, and assists in lateral rotation of the thigh when hip is extended
What does the short head of the bicep femoris do?
The short head flexes the knee and laterally rotates the lower leg when the knee is slightly flexed.
What two joints does the long head of the biceps femoris cross?
The hip an knee joint
What joint does the short head of the biceps femoris cross
The knee joint
Where does the semitendinosus originate from?
It originates from the Ischial tuberosity.
Where does is the semitendinosus insert?
It inserts on the medial surface of the superior or proximal tibia
What are the functions of the semitendinosus muscle?
Extends thehip, flexes the knee, and medially rotates the tibia when the knee is flexed
Where does the semimembranosus muscle originate from?
It originates from the Ischial tuberosity
Where does the semimembranosus insert?
Insert into the medial condyle of the tibia
What are the functions of the semimembranosus muscle?
It works to extend the hip, flexes knee, and medially rotate the tibia when the knee is flexed
Where does the rectus femoris originate from?
It originates from the anterior aspect of the inferior iliac spine and the acetabular ridge
Where does the rectus femoris insert?
The rectus femoris inserts on the patellar ligament which insert into the tibial tuberosity
What is the function of the rectus femoris?
The rectus femoris extends the knee, flexes the hip and helps stabilize the LPHC
Which of the quadriceps muscles cross over a hip joint
The rectus femoris
Which of the three glute muscles support the function of the LPHC
Glute Maximus
Where does the glute maximus originate from?
The glute maximus originates from the posterior surface of the coccyx, posterior surface of the sacrum, the gluteal surface of the ilium, the sacrotuberois ligament and the thoroculambar fascia
Where does the glute maximus insert?
The glute maximus inserts into the iliotibial tract and the gluteal tuberosity of the femur.
What are the functions of the gluteus maximus?
Extension of the hip, lateralhip rotation, hip adduction, hip abduction and support the function of the LPHC
