Muscular System - Muscles of the Body : Core Musculature

Question 1

As what is the core also commonly referred to as?

Answer 1

The LPHC (Lumbo-pelvic-hip complex)

Question 2

What are the primary core muscles?

Answer 2

Multifidus (lumbar), Pelvic Floor Muscles, Transverse Abdominis, Internal oblique, Diaphragm

Question 3

What muscle is considered the six-pack muscle?

Answer 3

The rectus abdominis

Question 4

What is the primary job of the rectus abdominis?

Answer 4

Anterior spinal flexion

Question 5

What is the primary purpose of the core?

Answer 5

To provide stability and rigidity to the area of the spine and pelvic region

Question 6

The core is separated into what two areas?

Answer 6

Inner unit and outer unit core

Question 7

What muscles is the outer unit made of?

Answer 7

Rectus abdominis, External obliques, erector spinae, quadratus lumborum, iliopsoas, rectus femoris hip adductors, glute maximus, hamstrings

Question 8

What is the primary function of the outer unit?

Answer 8

To provide movement

Question 9

What is the primary function of the inner unit?

Answer 9

To provide stabilization

Question 10

What muscle is the inner core unit made up of?

Answer 10

Multifidus, Diaphragm, Internal oblique, Transverse abdominis, Plevic Floor Muscles

Question 11

Where is the internal oblique located?

Answer 11

Above the transverse abdominis and below the external oblique, on the lateral side of the body

Question 12

What are the two main functions of the Internal Oblique?

Answer 12

1, The conctraction and relaxation of the internal oblique to allow movement in the diaphragm. 2, rotation and lateral flexion of the upper body

Question 13

What is the primary job of the transverse abdominis in the inner core unit

Answer 13

To provide lumbar stability

Question 14

Where is the diaphragm located?

Answer 14

The diaphragm is a domelike sheet of muscle located between the thoracic and abdominal cavities

Question 15

What is the diaphragm responsible for?

Answer 15

It’s responsible for the increase and decrease of lung size when inhaling and exhaling. It also provides lumbar stability by working together with the other inner unit core muscles.

Question 16

What role does the pelvic muscles play in the inner unit core?

Answer 16

It assits in stabilizing the spine an pelvis

Question 17

What 2 part can the Multifidus be broken down into?

Answer 17

Superfical and deep muscles

Question 18

What is superficial multifidus responsible for?

Answer 18

It’s responsible for back extension, rotation, and lateral flexion

Question 19

What is deep multifidus responsible for?

Answer 19

It’s responsible for spine stabilization

Question 20

What is the primary purpose of the outer core unit?

Answer 20

To produce movement, and secondarily, assit in providing stabilitzation to LPHC

Question 21

What is the external oblique responsible for?

Answer 21

It’s responsible for the flexion of the spine as well as rotational and lateral flexion of the spine.

Question 22

What is the primary function of the erector spinae?

Answer 22

Extension and lateral flexion of the spine. Secondarily, it provides stabilization to the spine

Question 23

Into what three groups is the erector spinae divided into?

Answer 23

Spinalis, Longissimus, Iliocostalis

Question 24

Where does the internal abdominal oblique originate from?

Answer 24

The two thirds of the iliac crest, the inguinal ligament, and the thoracolumbar fascia.

Question 25

Where does the internal abdominal oblique insert?

Answer 25

Along the structures of the midline, including the inferior margins of the ribs 10 - 12, the linea alba, the pubic crest.

Question 26

Where does the transverse abdominis originate from?

Answer 26

Iliac crest (pelvis), inguinal ligament (pelvis), thoracolumbar fascia (lumbar region), costal cartilages of the 7th -12 ribs (Thoracic region).

Question 27

Where does the TVA insert

Answer 27

Linea alba (anterior and medial), Pubic crest and pectineal line (pelvis)

Question 28

With what muscle does the multifidus co-contract with and why?

Answer 28

TVA, to provide spinal stability

Question 29

With what muscle does the TVA co-contract with and why?

Answer 29

Multifidus, to provide spinal stability

Question 30

Where does the Quadratus Lumborum originate from?

Answer 30

From the iliac crest

Question 31

Where does the Quadratus Lumborum insert?

Answer 31

It inserts into the lowest rib and side of the lumbar vertebrae.

Question 32

What does the QL do?

Answer 32

The QL acts to stabilize the pelvis and laterally flex the lumbar spine.

Question 33

What muscles comprise the muscle group commonly termed hip flexors?

Answer 33

Poas Minor, Poas Major, Illiacus.

Question 34

Where does the Poas Major originate from?

Answer 34

T12 and L1 to L4 vertebrae

Question 35

Where does the Poas Major insert?

Answer 35

It inserts into the lesser trochanter of the femur

Question 36

Where does the Illiacus originate from?

Answer 36

the iliac fossa on the interior side of the hip bone, and also from the region of the anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)

Question 37

Where does the Illiacus insert?

Answer 37

Base of the lesser trochanter of femur

Question 38

What muscles are responsible for hip flexion?

Answer 38

Poas & Illiacus

Question 39

what muscles are responsible for hip adduction?

Answer 39

Adductor Magnus, Adductor Brevis, Gracilis, Adductor Longus, Pectineus, Iliacus, Poas Major

Question 40

Where does the adductor Magnus originate from?

Answer 40

It originates from the pubic ramus, Ischial Ramus and Ischial tuberosity.

Question 41

Where does the adductor Magnus insert?

Answer 41

The Linea aspera, the medial supracondylar line, and adducter tubercle of the femur.

Question 42

What are the functions of the adductor Magnus?

Answer 42

Is primary function is hip adduction hip extension and hip flexion.

Question 43

Where does the adductor brevis originate from?

Answer 43

It originates from the body of the pubis and inferior pubic rami.

Question 44

Where does the adductor brevis insert?

Answer 44

Attaches to the Linea Aspera on the posterior surface of the femur.

Question 45

What is the Adductor brevis primary function?

Answer 45

Adduction of the thigh

Question 46

Where does the Gracilis muscle originate from?

Answer 46

It originates from the medial aspect of the ischiopubic ramus and the body of the pubis

Question 47

Where does the Gracilis insert?

Answer 47

It inserts on the medial side of the tibia at the top of the pes anserinus

Question 48

What is the function of the Gracilis?

Answer 48

It flexes the knee, adducts the thigh and medially rotate the tibia on the femur.

Question 49

Where does the Adductor Longus originate from?

Answer 49

It originates from the anterior surface of the body of the pubis, inferior to the pubic Crest and lateral to the pubic symphysis

Question 50

Where is the adductor longus insert

Answer 50

It inserts onto the middle third of the medial lip of the Linea aspera.

Question 51

Where does the Pectineus originate from?

Answer 51

It originates from the pectineus line of the pubis on the superior aspect of the pubis ramus

Question 52

Where does the pectineus insert?

Answer 52

It inserts in the into the posterior surface of the femur along the pectineal line and proximal part of the Linea aspera

Question 53

What is the function of the pectineus?

Answer 53

To adduct and flex the thigh at the hip joint.

Question 54

What muscles make up the hamstring?

Answer 54

Bicep femoris, semitendinosus and semimembranosus

Question 55

Where does the long head and short head of the bicep femoris originate from

Answer 55

The long head of the bicep femoris originates from the Ischial tuberosity and the short head from the Linea aspera and the lateral supracondylar line of the femur.

Question 56

Where does the biceps femoris insert?

Answer 56

Both the short head and the long head of the Bicep femoris insert into the lateral aspect of the fibular head

Question 57

What does the long head of the bicep femoris do?

Answer 57

The long head flexes the knee, extends the hip, laterally rotates lower leg when is slightly flexed, and assists in lateral rotation of the thigh when hip is extended

Question 58

What does the short head of the bicep femoris do?

Answer 58

The short head flexes the knee and laterally rotates the lower leg when the knee is slightly flexed.

Question 59

What two joints does the long head of the biceps femoris cross?

Answer 59

The hip an knee joint

Question 60

What joint does the short head of the biceps femoris cross

Answer 60

The knee joint

Question 61

Where does the semitendinosus originate from?

Answer 61

It originates from the Ischial tuberosity.

Question 62

Where does is the semitendinosus insert?

Answer 62

It inserts on the medial surface of the superior or proximal tibia

Question 63

What are the functions of the semitendinosus muscle?

Answer 63

Extends thehip, flexes the knee, and medially rotates the tibia when the knee is flexed

Question 64

Where does the semimembranosus muscle originate from?

Answer 64

It originates from the Ischial tuberosity

Question 65

Where does the semimembranosus insert?

Answer 65

Insert into the medial condyle of the tibia

Question 66

What are the functions of the semimembranosus muscle?

Answer 66

It works to extend the hip, flexes knee, and medially rotate the tibia when the knee is flexed

Question 67

Where does the rectus femoris originate from?

Answer 67

It originates from the anterior aspect of the inferior iliac spine and the acetabular ridge

Question 68

Where does the rectus femoris insert?

Answer 68

The rectus femoris inserts on the patellar ligament which insert into the tibial tuberosity

Question 69

What is the function of the rectus femoris?

Answer 69

The rectus femoris extends the knee, flexes the hip and helps stabilize the LPHC

Question 70

Which of the quadriceps muscles cross over a hip joint

Answer 70

The rectus femoris

Question 71

Which of the three glute muscles support the function of the LPHC

Answer 71

Glute Maximus

Question 72

Where does the glute maximus originate from?

Answer 72

The glute maximus originates from the posterior surface of the coccyx, posterior surface of the sacrum, the gluteal surface of the ilium, the sacrotuberois ligament and the thoroculambar fascia

Question 73

Where does the glute maximus insert?

Answer 73

The glute maximus inserts into the iliotibial tract and the gluteal tuberosity of the femur.

Question 74

What are the functions of the gluteus maximus?

Answer 74

Extension of the hip, lateralhip rotation, hip adduction, hip abduction and support the function of the LPHC