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HUBS 192 > Lecture 7: Capillaries and Lymphatics > Flashcards

Lecture 7: Capillaries and Lymphatics Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of Capillaries?

A

Site of exchange between blood and tissues

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2
Q

What does the large total area of the capillary bed compared to arterioles mean?

A

Much slower blood flow

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3
Q

What are 3 features of capillaries?

A
  • Very thin walls
  • Large total cross sectional area of capillary bed
  • Slow & smooth blood flow
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4
Q

What are erythrocytes?

A

Red blood cells

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5
Q

Why are Capillaries only approximately 1 red blood cell in width?

A

Reduces the distance from the red blood cell to the surrounding tissue

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6
Q

What type of intercellular junction fuses the Capillary cell shut?

A

Tight junctions

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7
Q

What drains into Capillary beds?

A

Arterioles

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8
Q

What drains from the Capillary beds?

A

Venules

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9
Q

What is the role of the Precapillary sphincters?

A

Constrict to stop blood going into the Capillary beds

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10
Q

What is the name of the pathway that allows blood from the arteriole to the venules without passing through the exchange surface?

A

The Vascular shunt

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11
Q

Why is blood shunted away from the capillary beds?

A

To stop heat loss from blood and keep it away from the skin surface

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12
Q

What are Precapillary sphincters composed of?

A

Smooth muscle cells

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13
Q

What are the 3 types of Capillaries?

A
  • Continuous
  • Fenestrated
  • Sinusoidal
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14
Q

What components make up a Capillary?

3

A
  • Basement membrane
  • Endothelial layer
  • Intercellular cleft
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15
Q

What produces the Basement membrane?

A

The endothelial cell of the Capillary

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16
Q

What do substances have to pass through from the Capillaries to go to the tissue?

A

Both the Endothelial cell and the basement membrane

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17
Q

What is an intercellular cleft?

A

A channel between two cells through which molecules may travel

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18
Q

What do vesicles in the Capillaries do?

A

They carry things that can’t move by passive diffusion

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19
Q

Where are continuous Capillaries likely to be found?

A

Skeletal and Cardiac muscle

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20
Q

What are the openings in fenestrated capillaries?

A

Small porous openings/physical openings

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21
Q

What is the approximate size of Continious/Fenestrated capillaries?

A

8-10 microns in diameter

22
Q

Why is the lumen bigger in Sinusoidal Capillaries?

A

Trying to facilitate exchange with something other than gases

23
Q

What is an example of where Sinusoidal Capillaries are found?

A

Liver

24
Q

What happens to the basement membrane around sinusoidal capillaries?

A

It is disrupted and cannot be seen

25
Q

How is permeability controlled at intercellular clefts?

A

By the amount of tight junctions that are present there

26
Q

What are 4 ways of transport from Capillaries?

A
  • Diffusion through membrane
  • Movement through intercellular clefts
  • Movement through fenestrations
  • Transport via vesicles
27
Q

What Type of substance move by diffusion through membranes?

A

Lipid-soluble substances

28
Q

What Type of substance move by movement through intercellular clefts/fenestrations?

A

Water soluble substances

29
Q

What Type of substance move by transport via vesicles?

A

Large substances

30
Q

What type of movement across the membrane occurs through Fenestrated/Sinusoidal Capillaries?

A

All types of movement

31
Q

What type of movement doesn’t occur at Continuous Capillaries?

A

Movement through Fenestrations

32
Q

How is fluid shifted back to the heart that has left the blood vascular system?

A

Lymph Vascular system

33
Q

What is the role of lymph nodes in the lymph system?

A

Immune system surveillance

34
Q

What are the functions of the Lymph Vascular system?

4

A
  • Drain excess tissue fluid/plasma proteins and return to the blood
  • Filter foreign material from the lymph
  • ‘Screens’ lymph for foreign antigens and responds by releasing antibodies
  • Absorbs fat
35
Q

What are lacteals?

A

Special lymphatic cells that drain fat

36
Q

Where is fat from the gut drained too?

A

Cisterna chyli

37
Q

What is present all throughout the lymph vessels?

A

Valves

38
Q

What is particular about Lymph channel walls?

A

They are the thinnest walls of all vessels

39
Q

What are 3 features of lymph vessels?

A
  • Thin walled
  • No Red blood cells
  • Possess valves
40
Q

What is the left side of the body any everything below the diaphragm drained through?

A

The Lymphatic collecting vessels

41
Q

What do the Lymphatic collecting vessels drain into?

A

The Thoracic duct

42
Q

What is the only type of fluid found at in the Thoracic duct?

A

Lymphatic fluid

43
Q

What does the Thoracic duct drain into?

A

The left Subclavian Vein

44
Q

What does the right side of the face/right upper limb and right side of the chest drain through?

A

Right lymphatic duct

45
Q

What does the right lymphatic duct drain through?

A

The right Subclavian vein

46
Q

What carries blood with nutrients from the intestines to the gut?

A

The Portal vein

47
Q

What is a Lacteal?

A

A special lymph capillary for draining fat

48
Q

Where are typical places for lymph nodes to be clustered?

3

A
  • Armpit
  • Groin
  • Neck
49
Q

What does lymph fluid pass into the lymph node through?

A

Afferent lymphatics

50
Q

What does lymph fluid pass out of the lymph node through?

A

Efferent lymphatics

51
Q

In order what is the drainage path of the right breast?

4

A
  • Lymphatic vessels of the breast
  • Axillary lymph node
  • Drained into the right lymphatic duct
  • Right Subclavian vein (Blood vascular system)

HUBS 192 (38 decks)

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