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HUBS 192 > Lecture 23: Large Intestine and Comment on the Liver > Flashcards

Lecture 23: Large Intestine and Comment on the Liver Flashcards

1
Q

What does the large intestine consist of?

3

A
  • Cecum
  • Colon
  • Rectum
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2
Q

What does the cecum connect to?

A

Small intestine

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3
Q

What can the colon be divided into?

4

A
  • Ascending
  • Transverse
  • Descending
  • Sigmoid
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4
Q

What is the position of the ascending and descending colon?

A

Retroperitoneal

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5
Q

What is the position of the transverse and sigmoidal colon?

A

Intraperitoneal

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6
Q

What does the Ileoceal valve do?

A

Regulate the passage of material into the cecum and prevents back flow into the ileum

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7
Q

What is the appendix?

A

A reserve of large intestine bacteria population

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8
Q

Where is the appendix located?

A

In a variety of positions that differs between people

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9
Q

What is inflammation of the appendix called?

A

Appendicitis

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10
Q

What does a Barium enema enable?

A

x-ray images to be taken of large intestine to asses function

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11
Q

What are 3 gross structures of the large intestine?

A
  • Teniae Coli
  • Haustra
  • Omental appendices
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12
Q

What are Teniae Coli?

A

Bands of longitudinal smooth muscle

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13
Q

What are Haustra?

A

Series of pouches in the wall of the colon

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14
Q

What are Omental appendices?

A

Sacs of fat

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15
Q

What are Teniae Coli a modification of?

A

Muscularis layer

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16
Q

What is the Teniae Coli?

A

Three bands of longitudinal smooth muscle

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17
Q

What is the function of Teniae Coli?

A

Produce stronger contractions

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18
Q

What are the 4 layers of the gut tube?

A
  • Mucosa
  • Submucosa
  • Muscularis
  • Adventitia
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19
Q

What is there a lack of in the large intestine?

A

Villi

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20
Q

What does the mucosa of the gut tube do?

A

Invaginates to form intestinal glands

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21
Q

What does the mucosa consist of?

A
  • Epithelium
  • Lamina propria
  • Muscularis mucosae
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22
Q

What does the muscularis mucosa not do?

A

invaginate

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23
Q

What is the function of the mucosa of the colon?

A

Water and salt absorption

24
Q

What do goblet cells produce in the mucosa of the colon?

A

Mucous for protection and lubrication

25
Q

What do the anal columns mark?

A

Where epithelium changes

26
Q

What is the epithelium before the Anal columns?

A

Simple columnar

27
Q

What is the epithelium of the anal canal?

A

Stratified squamous

28
Q

What are the 2 anal sphincters?

A
  • Internal anal sphincter

- External anal sphincter

29
Q

What is the internal anal sphincter made of?

A

Smooth muscle

30
Q

What is the external anal sphincter made of?

A

Skeletal muscle

31
Q

How is the internal anal sphincter controlled?

A

Involuntary control

32
Q

How is the external anal sphincter controlled?

A

Voluntary control

33
Q

What happens when feaces move into the rectum?

A

It stimulates stretch receptors

34
Q

What happens once the stretch receptors in the rectum are stimulated?

A

Internal sphincters relax involuntarily

35
Q

What happens if there is a conscious decision to dedicate?

A

External/internal sphincters relax

36
Q

What is the location of the Liver?

A

Superior right quadrant of abdominopelvic cavity

37
Q

What is the function of the liver?

A

Produce bile which is stored in the gall bladder

38
Q

How much blood does the liver receive?

A

25% of the cardiac output

39
Q

How much of the blood supplied to the liver is from the hepatic artery?

A

1/3 of the total supply

40
Q

How much of the blood supplied to the liver is from the hepatic portal vein?

A

2/3 of the total supply

41
Q

What type of blood is carried by the hepatic portal vein?

A

Nutrient rich, deoxygenated blood from the small intestine

42
Q

What is blood from the hepatic portal vein processed by?

A

Hepatocytes

43
Q

What do the hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery and bile duct travel within?

A

The lesser omentum

44
Q

What is the structure of the liver?

A

Functional units called lobules

45
Q

What are lobules of the liver organised into?

A

Rows of hepatocytes

46
Q

What do hepatocytes do?

A

Produce bile

47
Q

What do hepatocytes surround?

A

A vein

48
Q

Where are liver sinusoids found?

A

Between rows of hepatocytes

49
Q

Where are bile canaliculi found?

A

Between hepatocytes

50
Q

What makes up a portal triad?

A
  • Branch of hepatic artery
  • Branch of hepatic portal vein
  • A bile duct
51
Q

What direction does blood flow in the liver?

A

Towards the central vein

52
Q

What happens to the blood travelling towards the central vein?

A

It is processed by hepatocytes, which produce bile

53
Q

What happens to bile secreted into canaliculi?

A

Travels to bile duct

54
Q

What do the central veins drain into?

A

Hepatic vein which drains into the inferior vena cava

55
Q

Where does liver bile travel, to be stored?

A

The gall bladder, where it is stored and concentrated

56
Q

What does the bile duct ultimately join?

A

Pancreatic duct at hepatopancreatic ampulla

HUBS 192 (38 decks)

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