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HUBS 192 > Lecture 4: Anatomy of the Heart, Part 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 4: Anatomy of the Heart, Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Cardiovascular system made of?

A

Organs

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2
Q

What are Organs made of?

A

Vascular tissue

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3
Q

What is Vascular tissue made of?

2

A
  • Connective tissues

- Cells

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4
Q

What are the Organs of the Cardiovascular system?

5

A
  • Heart
  • Arteries
  • Veins
  • Lymphatics
  • Capillaries
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5
Q

What is the role of the Heart?

A

Pump blood

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6
Q

What is the role of Arteries?

A

Carry blood away from the Heart

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7
Q

What is the role of veins?

A

Carry blood from your organs back to the Heart

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8
Q

What is the role of the Lymphatics?

A

Helps filter fluid that’s left the blood vascular system back into it

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9
Q

What is the role of Capillaries?

A

Exchange substances between blood and tissue cells

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10
Q

What two systems comprise the Cardiovascular system?

2

A
  • Blood Vascular System

- Lymphatic (Vascular) System

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11
Q

How can the Blood vascular system be described?

A

A closed supply and drainage system, a continuous loop

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12
Q

How can the Lymphatic (Vascular) System be described?

A

A open-entry drainage system, a one-way system

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13
Q

What are the 2 types of circulation in the Blood Vascular system?

A
  • Pulmonary circulation

- Systemic circulation

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14
Q

What is the only supply path of oxygenated blood in the body?

A

Arteries

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15
Q

Where are major arteries situated?

A

In places to avoid damage

e.g. deep in the truck, in flexor aspects of limbs

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16
Q

What often happens to important structures?

A

They receive supply from two different sources, two seperate arteries

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17
Q

What happens to the name of Arteries?

A

it changes at each major branch

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18
Q

What are the names of the 3 capillaries that form the exchange network?

A
  • Continuous
  • Fenestrated
  • Sinusoidal
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19
Q

What can change between the different types of Capillaries?

A

Their degrees of permeability

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20
Q

How would the permeability of Continuous capillaries be described?

A

Controlled/Tight

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21
Q

How would the permeability of Fenestrated capillaries be described?

A

Leaky

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22
Q

How would the permeability of

sinusoidal capillaries be described?

A

Very leaky

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23
Q

What are the 3 pathways for drainage?

A
  • Deep veins
  • Superficial veins
  • Lymphatics
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24
Q

What is different about veins CSA to that of arteries?

A

Veins CSA is at least twice that of arteries

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25
Q

Why do veins have at least twice the CSA of Arteries?

A

To shift the same volume of blood / second

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26
Q

How is blood carried in arteries?

A

At high speeds/pressure

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27
Q

How is the shape of the heart described?

A
  • Blunt

- Cone shaped

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28
Q

What is the pointed end of the the heart called?

A

Apex

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29
Q

What is the Broad end of the the heart called?

A

Base

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30
Q

What is the approximate size of the heart?

A

That of a closed fist

31
Q

How is the heart positioned in our body?

2

A
  • Rotated to the left

- Base tilted posteriorly

32
Q

Where is the heart positioned in the body?

A

The Thorax

33
Q

What is the name of the cavity that the heart sits in?

A

The Mediastinum cavity

34
Q

What regions flank the heart/Mediastinum cavity?

A

Pleural cavitys

35
Q

Where does the Base of the heart sit in the thorax?

A

At a level between the 2/3 ribs

36
Q

Where does the Apex of the heart sit in the thorax?

A
  • At a level between the 5/6 ribs

- In line with the left Midclavicular line

37
Q

What is the position of the Apex in the Thorax also known as?

A

Point of Maximal Impulse, PMI

38
Q

What can be observed at the Point of Maximal Impulse?

A

Apex beat, heart beating against the chest wall

39
Q

How many chamber of the heart are there?

A

4

40
Q

What are the names of the chambers on both the left/right side of the heart?
(2)

A
  • Atrium

- Ventricle

41
Q

What does Atrium mean?

A

Receiving chamber

42
Q

What separates the left and right compartment of the heart?

A

Inter-ventricular Septum

43
Q

Where does deoxygenated blood entering the heart arrive through?

A

The right Atrium

44
Q

Where does blood from the right Atrium drain to?

A

The right ventricle

45
Q

Where does deoxygenated blood leaving the heart exit through?

A

The right Ventricle

46
Q

What does deoxygenated blood leaving the heart travel through?

A

The Pulmonary artery

47
Q

Where does oxygenated blood entering the heart arrive through?

A

The left Atrium

48
Q

Where does blood from the left Atrium drain to?

A

The left Ventricle

49
Q

Where does oxygenated blood leaving the heart exit through?

A

The left Ventricle

50
Q

What does oxygenated blood leaving the heart travel through?

A

The Aorta

51
Q

What does blood travelling from the head/neck/chest entering the heart travel through?

A

Superior Vena Cava

52
Q

What does blood travelling from below the diaphragm entering the heart travel through?

A

Inferior Vena Cava

53
Q

What is the Coronary sinus?

A

The Venous drainage of the heart itself

54
Q

What is the role of the Tricuspid valve?

A

Stop back flow of blood from the right Ventricle to the right Atrium

55
Q

What is the role of the Pulmonary (semilunar) valve?

A

Stop back flow of blood from the Pulmonary Artery to the right Ventricle

56
Q

What does blood travelling from the lungs entering the heart travel through?

A

The Pulmonary veins

57
Q

How many Pulmonary veins are there?

A

4

58
Q

What is the role of the Mitral valve?

A

Stop back flow of blood from the left Ventricle to the left Atrium

59
Q

What is the role of the Aortic valve?

A

Stop back flow of blood from the Aorta to the left Ventricle

60
Q

What are Atrial chambers?

A

Thin walled receiving chambers of blood

61
Q

What does the right Atrium receive deoxygenated blood through?
(3)

A
  • Superior Vena Cava
  • Inferior Vena Cava
  • Coronary Sinus
62
Q

What does the left Atrium receive oxygenated blood through?

A

4 Pulmonary veins

63
Q

What are the layer of the Heart wall?

4

A
  • Endocardium
  • Myocardium
  • Epicardium
  • Pericardium (around the heart)
64
Q

What does Endocardium mean?

A

Within the heart

65
Q

What does Myocardium mean?

A

Muscle layer of the heart

66
Q

What does Epicardium mean?

A

Upon/outer layer of the heart

67
Q

What is the heart sat within?

A

The Pericardial sac

68
Q

What is the name of the squamous epithelium in the cardiovascular system?

A

Endothelium

69
Q

What is the role of Loose irregular fibrous connective tissue?

A

Acts as support for the Endothelium

70
Q

What is found in the Endocardium?

4

A
  • Endothelium
  • Loose irregular fibrous connective tissue
  • Blood vessels
  • Purkinje fibres
71
Q

What is the difference between the thickness of the two ventricles?

A

The left ventricle is much larger often 3 times larger than the right

72
Q

What are 3 things found in the Epicardium?

A
  • Visceral pericardium
  • Blood vessels
  • Loose irregular FCT/adipose
73
Q

What are the layers/components of the serous Pericardium?

3

A
  • Parietal Pericardium
  • Pericardial fluid/cavity
  • Visceral Pericardium

HUBS 192 (38 decks)

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