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HUBS 192 > Lecture 6: Arteries and Veins > Flashcards

Lecture 6: Arteries and Veins Flashcards

1
Q

What 3 Components make up the Thoracic Aorta?

A
  • Ascending Aorta
  • Aortic Arch
  • Descending Aorta
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2
Q

After the descending Aorta moves through the diaphragm where does it go?

A

Into the Abdominal Pelvic Cavity

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3
Q

What is the name of the Artery moving through the Abdominal Pelvic Cavity

A

Abdominal Aorta

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4
Q

Where does the Abdominal Aorta extend down to?

A

To the belly button

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5
Q

What happens to the Abdominal Aorta at the level of the belly button?

A

Bifurcation into the left and right common Arteries

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6
Q

What is located next to large supply paths?

A

Deep drainage channels

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7
Q

Following the common iliac Artery what is the next artery blood flows through in the Arterial supply?

A

External iliac Artery

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8
Q

Following the external iliac Artery what is the next artery blood flows through in the Arterial supply?

A

Femoral artery

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9
Q

What cavity does the External iliac artery pass through?

A

The abdominal pelvic cavity

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10
Q

Following the Femoral Artery what is the next artery blood flows through in the Arterial supply?

A

Popliteal artery

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11
Q

Where does the Popliteal artery run?

A

Down the posterior of the knee

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12
Q

Following the Popliteal artery where does blood flow next in the Arterial supply?

A

Posterior tibial supply to the plantar arch

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13
Q

What are some features of the great saphenous vein?

2

A
  • Longest vein in the body

- In the superficial compartment of the Hypodermis

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14
Q

Where is the Posterior tibial vein located?

A

Next to the Posterior tibial artery

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15
Q

Where is the beginning of blood circulating back to the heart from the foot?

A

Plantar venous arch

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16
Q

Following the plantar venous arch where does blood go circulating back to the heart?

A

Posterior tibial vein

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17
Q

Following the Posterior tibial vein where does blood go circulating back to the heart?

A

Popliteal vein

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18
Q

Following the Popliteal vein where does blood go circulating back to the heart?

A

Femoral vein

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19
Q

Following the femoral vein where does blood go circulating back to the heart?

A

External iliac vein

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20
Q

Following the External iliac vein where does blood go circulating back to the heart?

A

Common iliac vein

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21
Q

Following the Common iliac vein how is blood put back into the heart?

A

Through the Inferior vena cava

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22
Q

Where does the Great saphenous vein connect?

A

Femoral vein, deep in the Groin

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23
Q

What are the layers of Blood vessel walls?

3

A
  • Tunica Intima
  • Tunica Media
  • Tunica Adventitia (Externa)
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24
Q

What layer of the Blood vessel wall is the inner most?

A

Tunica Intima

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25
Q

What layer of the Blood vessel wall is the outer most?

A

Tunica Adventitia (Externa)

26
Q

What parts make up the Tunica Intima?

3

A
  • Endothelium
  • Sub-endothelium
  • Internal Elastic Lamina
27
Q

What are features of the Endothelium?

2

A
  • Simple squamous epithelium

- Lines the lumen of all vessels

28
Q

What are feature of the Sub-endothelium?

2

A
  • A sparse pad of loose FCT

- Cushions the endothelium

29
Q

What are features of the Internal Elastic Lamina?

4

A
  • Condensed sheet of elastic tissue
  • Well developed in Arteries
  • Less developed in veins
  • Forms a barrier between the Tunica Intima/Media
30
Q

What makes up the Tunica Media?

2

A
  • Smooth muscle

- Connective tissue fibres, mainly elastin and collagen

31
Q

What makes up the connective tissue fibres in the Tunica Media?

A

Mainly elastin and collagen

32
Q

How is smooth muscle controlled?

A

Autonomically, non-voluntarily

33
Q

Thickness of Tunica media is proportional to what?

2

A
  • Vessel diameter

- Blood pressure

34
Q

Why do veins have thinner Tunica media?

A

Less pressurised blood is flowing through them

35
Q

Why do arteries have thicker Tunica media?

A

Higher pressurised blood is flowing through them

36
Q

What are features of the Tunica Adventitia (Externa)?

2

A
  • In larger vessels the adventitia contains Vasa vasorum

- Lymphatics and autonomic nerves are found in this region

37
Q

What is the Tunica Adventitia (Externa) made of?

A

Loose FCT with high collagen content and variable amounts of elastin

38
Q

What are Vasa vasorum?

A

Vessels that supply blood to the vessels

39
Q

What does smooth muscle dilating/relaxing do?

A

Opens the vessel

40
Q

What does smooth muscle contracting/constricting do?

A

Closes the vessel

41
Q

What maintains tissue in the adventitia?

A

Fibroblasts

42
Q

What is the difference between Elastic and Muscular arteries?

A

Elastic arteries have large amounts of elastic tissue in the wall where as Muscular arteries are mainly comprised of smooth muscle

43
Q

What do Arteries branch into?

A

Arterioles

44
Q

What is lower, Diastolic pressure or Systolic pressure?

A

Diastolic pressure

45
Q

What are Venules?

A

Small veins

46
Q

What are Arterioles in terms of the supply network?

A

The last vessel

47
Q

How is the resistance of blood flow changed in Arterioles?

A

By changing the tone of smooth muscle in the Tunica Media

48
Q

What is the function of Capillaries?

A

Site of exchange between blood and tissues

49
Q

What are the smallest veins we have?

A

Venules

50
Q

What is the start of the drainage/Venous system?

A

Venules

51
Q

What happens to blood at the capillary bed?

A

It’s velocity/pressure is much lower

52
Q

What prevents the back flow of blood in Venules?

A

valves

53
Q

What are features of Veins?

3

A
  • Low pressure, large volume transport system
  • One-way (unidirectional) flow
  • Capacitance vessels
54
Q

What is meant by a capacitance vessel?

A

Extra blood can be stored there

55
Q

What is the shape of Veins?

3

A
  • Irregular, flattened shape
  • Large lumen
  • Thin wall
56
Q

What is the thickest layer of the veins?

A

Tunica Adventitia

57
Q

What substance is there a lot of in the Tunica Adventitia?

A

Collagen

58
Q

Why do veins have a greater cross sectional area than arteries?

A

To move the same volume of blood per second under less pressurised conditions

59
Q

What are deep veins flanked by?

A

Skeletal muscle

60
Q

What does squeezing skeletal muscle do?

A

Pushes blood towards the heart

61
Q

What happens to vein valves when veins are dilated?

A

cusps can no longer meet back together leading to Varicose veins and blood flowing backwards

HUBS 192 (38 decks)

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