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HUBS 192 > Lecture 30: The Ureters, Bladder and Urethra > Flashcards

Lecture 30: The Ureters, Bladder and Urethra Flashcards

1
Q

What is transitional epithelium?

A

Stratified rounded cells

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2
Q

What happens to transitional epithelium when stretched?

A

Flattens

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3
Q

What is the function of transitional epithelium?

A

Protection

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4
Q

Where do the ureters arise?

A

From each renal pelvis at the hilum

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5
Q

What are ureters?

A

Slender tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder

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6
Q

Where do ureters descend?

A

Retroperitoneally through the abdomen, vertically from the hila

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7
Q

What moves urine to the bladder in ureters?

A

Peristaltic waves

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8
Q

What are the 3 layers of the ureter?

A
  • Mucosa
  • Muscularis
  • Adventitia
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9
Q

What makes the mucosa of the ureter?

2

A
  • Transitional epithelium

- Lamina propria

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10
Q

What makes the muscularis of the ureter?

A
  • Inner longitudinal muscle

- Outer circular muscle

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11
Q

What is the adventitia of the ureter?

A

A fibrous connective tissue

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12
Q

What provides additional protection to the inner surface of the ureter lumen?

A

Protein plaques

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13
Q

How do ureters run into the bladder?

A

Oblique through the wall of the bladder at its posterolateral corners

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14
Q

What do ureters act as?

A

Sphincter/valves

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15
Q

How do uterus act as sphincters/valves?

A

When compressed by increased bladder pressure to prevent back flow

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16
Q

What is the urinary bladder?

A

A collapsible muscular sac

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17
Q

What does the urinary bladder store/repel?

A

Urine

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18
Q

When empty what does the bladder collapse along?

A

Folds called rugae

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19
Q

What happens to the bladder when it expands?

A

It does so without great increase in pressure to approximately 500ml

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20
Q

What is the shape of an empty bladder?

A

Pyramidal

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21
Q

Where does the bladder lie when empty?

A

Within the pelvis

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22
Q

What happens to the bladders shape as it fills?

A

It becomes more spherical

23
Q

Where does the bladder expands as it fills?

A

Superiorly into the abdominal cavity

24
Q

What can we do to the bladder when it is full?

A

Palpitate it above the pelvic symphysis

25
Q

What is the location of the male bladder?

2

A
  • Anterior to the rectum

- Superior to prostate glands (wraps around the urethra)

26
Q

What is the location of the female bladder?

A

Anterior to the vagina and uterus

27
Q

What is the urinary bladder folded into for expansion?

A

Rugae

28
Q

What is the mucosa of the urinary bladder?

A

Transitional epithelium

29
Q

What is the name of the thick smooth muscle layer in the urinary bladder?

A

Detrusor

30
Q

What is the detrusor made of?

3

A
  • Longitudinal fibres
  • Oblique fibres
  • Circular fibres
31
Q

What does the urinary bladder contract to do?

A

Expel urine from the bladder into the urethra during urination

32
Q

What is the urethra?

A

A thin walled muscular tube

33
Q

What does the urethra do?

A

Drains urine from the bladder out of the body

34
Q

What happens to the epithelium along the urethra?

A

It changes

35
Q

What are the 3 types of epithelium in the urethra?

A
  • Transitional epithelium (near the bladder)
  • Columnar epithelium
  • Stratified squamous (near the external opening)
36
Q

What are there significant difference between the urethras of?

A

Men and women

37
Q

How long is the female urethra?

A

Approximately 5cm

38
Q

What is the female urethra seperate from?

A

The reproductive system

39
Q

How long is the male urethra?

A

Approximately 25cm

40
Q

What is the male urethra part of?

A

The reproductive system

41
Q

What is the initial section of the urethra surrounded by?

A

The prostate glands

42
Q

What does the prostate gland do?

A

Produces seminal fluid

43
Q

What are the 3 sections of the urethra?

A
  • Prostatic
  • Membranous
  • Spongy/penile
44
Q

What is the internal urethral/urinal sphincter the junction of?

A

The bladder and urethra

45
Q

What type of muscle is the internal urethral/urinal sphincter?

A

Detrusor muscle

46
Q

What kind of control is the internal urethral/urinal sphincter under?

A

Involuntary control

47
Q

Where is the external urethral/urinary sphincter located?

A

Where the urethra passes through the urogenital diaphragm

48
Q

What type of muscle is the external urethral/urinal sphincter?

A

Skeletal muscle

49
Q

What kind of control is the internal urethral/urinal sphincter under?

A

Involuntary control

50
Q

What happens to the bladder in urination?

A

Fills with urine and expands

51
Q

When the bladder expands what happens to action potentials?

A

Action potentials are sent from stretch receptors to the brain

52
Q

What happens to the urgency of urination as action potential frequency increases?

A

Urgency increases

53
Q

What happens to the internal sphincter of the urethra during urination?

A

It relaxes

54
Q

What has to happen to the external sphincter of the urethra during urination?

A

It has to be consciously relaxed

HUBS 192 (38 decks)

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