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HUBS 192 > Lecture 18: Oxygen and Carbon dioxide exchange > Flashcards

Lecture 18: Oxygen and Carbon dioxide exchange Flashcards

1
Q

What is respiratory minute volume?

A

The amount of air breathed in a minute

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2
Q

How do you calculate respiratory minute volume?

A

Respiratory minute volume = tidal volume x Respiratory rate

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3
Q

What is tidal volume determined by?

A

Breathing strength

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4
Q

What is respiratory rate determined by?

A

Breathing speed

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5
Q

What is the unit for respiratory minute volume?

A

L/min

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6
Q

What is the unit for tidal volume?

A

L/breath

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7
Q

What is the unit for respiratory rate?

A

Breaths/min

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8
Q

What is dead space?

A

The air we breath in that doesn’t get to the alveoli so cannot go through gas exchange (air that can’t be used)

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9
Q

What is the approximate amount of dead space regardless of breath type?

A

150 mls

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10
Q

What is really important for breathing?

A

The amount of air that gets into the alveoli

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11
Q

What is Alveolar ventilation?

A

The amount of air that gets into the alveoli

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12
Q

How do you calculate alveolar ventilation?

A

(Tidal volume - Dead space) x Respiratory rate

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13
Q

Are tiny rapid breaths helpful?

A

No, because of dead space

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14
Q

What does gas diffusion depend on?

A

Partial pressures

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15
Q

What is daltons law?

A

In a gas mixture (air), each gas exerts its own individual pressure, called a partial pressure (P)

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16
Q

What does the pressure of a mixture of gases = ?

A

The sum total of the pressures of each individual gas

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17
Q

What is the goal of gas movement in respiration?

A

Move gas back and forth between the alveoli and the capillaries

18
Q

Where do we want to transport inhaled air?

A

Into the capillaries

19
Q

Where do we want to transport carbon dioxide?

A

Into the alveoli to be exhaled

20
Q

What is Fick’s law of diffusion?

A

Gases move across the membranes between the alveoli and the capillaries by diffusion

21
Q

What determines the rate of diffusion according to Fick’s law?
(3)

A
  • Surface area of the membranes
  • Thickness of the membranes
  • Pressure difference between the two sides
22
Q

What is Fick’s law equation?

A

F = (A/T) x d x (P1 - P2)

23
Q

What does F stand for in Ficks law of diffusion equation?

A

Flux (amount flowing)

24
Q

What does A stand for in Ficks law of diffusion equation?

A

Surface area

25
Q

What does T stand for in Ficks law of diffusion equation?

A

Thickness

26
Q

What does D stand for in Ficks law of diffusion equation?

A

Diffusion constant

27
Q

What does P1 - P2 stand for in Ficks law of diffusion equation?

A

Pressure difference

28
Q

What does the diffusion constant or coefficient for a substance depend on?

A

Gas solubility (S) and its molecular weight

29
Q

On a per molecule rate how much faster does Carbon dioxide diffuse than Oxygen?

A

20x due to carbon dioxide’s higher solubility

30
Q

What does the bulbous structure of alveoli and the high density of capillaries do?

A

Create lots of surface area for gas exchange

31
Q

What is Emphysema?

A

A disease characterised by the dilation of the alveolar spaces and destruction of the alveolar walls

32
Q

What does a reduction in surface area mean for oxygen exchange?

A

It is greatly reduced as there is less contact between the air and capillaries

33
Q

What is the blood-air barrier mostly comprised of?

A

The alveolar and capillary walls

34
Q

What’s is the distance between the alveolar air and the blood?

A

Small

35
Q

What is a result of Pulmonary fibrosis?

A

Thickening and scarring of the alveolar membranes

36
Q

What can cause Pulmonary fibrosis?

A

Chronic inflammation or exposure to industrial chemicals

37
Q

What is the main factor for gas transfer?

A

Pressure difference

38
Q

What does alveolar partial pressure of Oxygen depend on?

3

A
  • Partial pressure of oxygen in inspired air
  • Alveolar ventilation
  • Oxygen consumption - Blood oxygen
39
Q

What does alveolar partial pressure of carbon dioxide depend on?
(3)

A
  • partial pressure of carbon dioxide in inspired air
  • Alveolar ventilation
  • Carbon dioxide production
40
Q

Because Partial pressure of oxygen is usually constant, what is it the balance of that is most important in driving oxygen exchange?

A

Balance between oxygen consumption and alveolar ventilation

41
Q

Alveolar partial pressure of carbon dioxide is usually determined by what because atmospheric partial pressure of carbon dioxide is negligible?

A

Balance between carbon dioxide production and alveolar ventilation

42
Q

What do gasses diffuse down?

A

Their pressure gradients

HUBS 192 (38 decks)

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