Lecture 67 - Male Reproductive System Flashcards
What is the role of the pelvic diaphragm?
Support of viscera above
Attachments for external genitalia
What makes up the pelvic diagpragm?
What are the holes?
Levator ani
- urogenital hiatus
- anal aperture
What is the difference between males and females in the perineal membrane?
Males: no vaginal opening
What is the role of the deep perineal pouch?
Muscles that make up the sphincter
Where are the testes?
In scrotum, externally
Need lower temperature for sperm production
What is contained in the testes?
Semoniferous tubules (400-600) Surrounded by Tunica albuginea (thick fibrous tissue)
What is the rete testes?
Where sperm collects
Where is sperm stored?
Epididymus (on top of testes)
Where does sperm mature?
In epididymus
When are where do the gonads develop?
Very early on
Develop on posterior abdominal wall and then descend
How are the testes externalised?
Push through the abdominal wall into scrotum
Drag nerves, vessels and duct with it (spermatic cord)
Describe the route of sperm
Epididymis
Vas deferens
Ejaculatory duct
Urethra
What is present in semen?
Where does this come from?
Sperm: testes
Also stuff from Seminal vesicle
Draw the ducts
**Slide..
What controls ejactulation?
Sypathetic nervous system
Contractino (peristalsis) of muscular vas deferens
What is a vasectomy?
Cutting of vas deferens
Sperm cannot get out of epididymis
Through what does the vas deferens pass?
Spermatic cord
Punches through abdominal wall at Inguinal Canal
What is the role of the accessory glands?
Contribute stuff to semen
- many different functions
What are some of the accessory glands?
Prostate
Seminal vesicle
Bulbourethral gland
Where are the accessory glands?
posterior to bladder
Also, one inferior to prostate
Where is the ejaculatory duct?
Pierces from behind the prostate
Through prostate
Inferior down to urethra
Where is the prostate gland?
Inferior to bladder
Anterior to rectum
Where does the vas enter the prostate?
Lateral and posterior
Where is the seminal vesicle?
Posterior surface of bladder
What does the seminal vesicle contribute to semen?
Fructose
Coagulating agent
What does the prostate surround?
The urethra
What is the role of the prostate gland?
Manufactures much of volume of semen
for Sperm Activation
20% of semen volume
How does fluid from the prostate get into the semen?
Many ducts that open into the prostatic urethra
What is the role of the bulbourethral glands?
Mucous secretion for lubrication of urethra
pre-ejaculate
Where are the bulbourethral glands?
In the deep perineal pouch
How does fluid from the bulbourethral gland get into the semen?
Ducts pierce into the spongy urethra
What things happen to the prostate with age?
- Benign prostatic hypertrophy
- constricts the urethra
- very common - Prostate cancer
- common
- Prostate becomes very hard
How is prostate cancer treated?
Radiotherapy
Chemotherapy
Removal (radical prostatectomy)
What happens to micturition with benign prostatic hypertrophy?
DIfficulty urinating
How can we examine the prostate?
Digital rectal examination
What is affected in prostate cancer?
Entire thickness of prostate
How is prostate cancer detected?
Blood test
Antigens present in the blood indicating cancer
What forms the male external genitalia?
Penis
What forms the erectile tissue?
Corpora cavernosa
Corpus spongiosum
Where do the external genitalia attach?
Perineum
What forms the penis?
Roots
Body (Corpora cavernosa, Corpus spongiosum)
External urethral oriface
Where does the spongy urethra run in males?
In penis, through corpus spongiosum
What are the muscles of the male external genitalia?
Bulbospongiosum
Ischiocavernosius
What controls erection?
Parasympathetic nervous system
What are the erectile tissues covered with?
Skin
apart from Glans Penis
What is the scrotum an analogue of?
How is it different?
Labia majorum
No fusion event
