Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOM20002 - HSF > Lecture 54 - Cardiovascular Function 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 54 - Cardiovascular Function 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main functions of the cardiovascular system?

A

Transport:
• Nutrients, water, gases
• Signals
• Wastes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the signals that the cardiovascular system transports?

A
  • Hormones
  • Inflammatory mediators
  • Antibodies
  • Clotting Factors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which wastes does the cardiovascular system carry away from cells?

A
  • CO2

* Metabolic wastes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Do veins carry oxygen?

A

Yes

Not as much as the arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which structure in the body has the most well oxygenated blood?

A

Pulmonary vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which structure in the body has the least well oxygenated blood?

A

Coronary sinus

The heart extracts the most oxygen out of the blood.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the two circulations in the body?

A

Pulmonary circulation
• from right side of heart to lungs

Systemic circulation
• from the left side of the heart to the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the definition of a portal system?

Give some examples

A

Two capillary beds in series

  • hepatic portal system
  • kidneys
  • hypothalamic portal system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where in the body is the blood at the highest and lowest pressure?

A

Highest: aorta

Lowest: vena cavae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does blood flow?

A

From areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is responsible for the fall in pressure in circulation?

A

Friction against the walls of the vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the definition of flow?

A

Vol / time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is flow proportional to?

Inversely proportional to?

A

Proportional to pressure gradient

Inversely proportional to resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is resistance?

A

Radius of tube
Length of tube
Viscosity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

More flow in:

Smoothie or water?

A

Water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

More flow in:

Yakult or crazy straw?

A

Yakult

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

More flow in:

bubble tea straw or cocktail straw?

A

Bubble tea straw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which variable of the blood is easiest to rapidly change?

A

Vessel radius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is muscle tone?

A

The state of partial contraction at all times of the smooth muscle in the smooth muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is happening in vasodilation?

A

Relaxtion of the smooth muscle in the blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What happens during hyperventilation

A
  1. All the CO2 is being expelled
  2. Drop in partial pressure of CO2 in blood
  3. Vasoconstriction
  4. Decrease in blood flow to the head
  5. Fainting
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where is blood flow the slowest?

Why?

A

Capillaries
Very high cross sectional area, flow rate is constant

Thus, the velocity is decreased.

23
Q

Which vessels don’t have elastic fibres?

Which do?

A
  • Capillary
  • Venule
  • Arteriole

Arteries and veins have elastic tissue

24
Q

Which vessels have smooth muscle?

A

Arteries and veins and arterioles

25
Q

Are the walls of arteries floppy?

What does this mean?

A

No, stiff

Substantial energy required to stretch the walls outward

26
Q

What is the Windkessel effect?

A

Walls of the arteries distend when BP rises during systole

Recoil: the elastic energy stored in the stretched artery pushes the blood forward

27
Q

When does the Windkessel effect diminish?

A

As we get older

Due to atherosclerosis

28
Q

Where is most of the blood volume at any one time?

A

Veins: 64%

29
Q

Compare veins to arteries

A

More numerous
Less elastic & wider
Expand easily → reservoir for blood

30
Q

Solute concentration is higher in A than in B.

Where does water flow?

A

Flows into A

31
Q

What is Fick’s law of diffusion?

A

Proportionate to:
• Surface area
• Permeability
• Concentration gradient

Inversely proportionate to:
• Thickness

32
Q

Describe the structure and function of capillaries

A

One cell thick: endothelium

→ maximises diffusion across according to Fick’s law of diffusion

33
Q

Compare intestitial and plasma fluid

A
  • Solute: almost equal

* Protein: high in plasma, low in interstitial fluid

34
Q

Describe the modes of transport across capillaries

A
  • Diffusion: small molecules etc.
  • Vesicular transport: protein
  • Bulk flow
35
Q

Describe bulk flow

A

Overall mass movement of fluid between plasma and interstitial fluid

Due to hydrostatic / osmotic pressure gradients

36
Q

What are the two types of bulk flow?

Distinguish them

A

Filtration: out of capillary
Absorption: into capillary

37
Q

What are the forces that regulate bulk flow?

What are these also known as

A

1/ Colloid osmotic pressure
• plasma proteins

2/ Hydrostatic pressure
• pushing of blood out through the capillaries
• blood exerting pressure on the walls of the vessel

38
Q

Describe the change in hydrostatic pressure as blood flows along a capillary

A

Energy lost to friction

Decrease in hydrostatic pressure

39
Q

Which pressures favour filtration?

A

Capillary hydrostatic pressure

Interstitial oncotic pressure

40
Q

Which pressures favour absorption?

A

Interstitial hydrostatic pressure

Plasma oncotic pressure

41
Q

What is the main thing in the plasma that contributed to plasma oncotic pressure?

A

Plasma proteins

• Albumin

42
Q

What is bulk flow?

A

Balance of filtration and absorption

43
Q

Filtration =

A

Pc - Pif

44
Q

Absorption =

A

Colloid osmotic (interstitial) - Colloid osmotic (capillary)

45
Q

Net pressure =

A

Hydrostatic P + Colloid Osmotic P

46
Q

What is the change in hydrostatic pressure along the capillary?

A

Decrease in Hydrostatic pressure

47
Q

What is the change in colloid osmotic pressure along the capillary?

A

Assumed to be roughly constant

48
Q

There is net bulk flow out of capillaries.

Where does the extra fluid go?

A

Into the lymphatics

49
Q

Describe the flow of fluid from intertstitial fluid

A
  • Interstitial fluid
  • Lymph vessels
  • Larger lymph vessels
  • Lymph ducts
  • Venous circulation
50
Q

What happens when Bulk flow is greater than lymphatic drainage?

A

Oedema

51
Q

How does the lymph system function?

A

Smooth muscle in lymphatic vessel walls
One way valves
Muscle pump also aids flow of lymph

52
Q

What are the functions of the lymph system?

A
  1. Return fluid and proteins to circulation
  2. Pick up fats absorbed from small intestine
  3. Immune system, movement of antigens and white cells
53
Q

What are some circumstances under which there would be oedema?

A 
Severe malnutrition
Decrease in blood protein concentration
Obstruction of lymph nodes
Fluid overload
Heart failure → increase in venous pressure
54
Q

How does the heart make blood flow?

A

It creates a pressure gradient

BIOM20002 - HSF (60 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions