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BIOM20002 - HSF > Lecture 48 - Cardiovascular System 2 > Flashcards

Lecture 48 - Cardiovascular System 2 Flashcards

0
Q

We’re do the coronary vessels run?

A

In the grooves of the exterior surface of the heart

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1
Q

Where does the heart get its blood?

A

Coronary arteries

First two branches of the aorta

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2
Q

How does the name of the aorta change?

A

Changes according to its position
No clear demarcation

  • Ascending aorta
  • Aortic arch (upwards, backwards, to the left)
  • descending thoracic aorta
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3
Q

What does the aorta arch over?

A

Left lung route

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4
Q

Where does the descending thoracic aorta run?

A

Down the left side of the vertebral column

Through the diaphragm

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5
Q

What happens to the aorta once it goes through the aorta

A

T12: becomes the abdominal aorta

Only name changes

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6
Q

What are the first branches of the ascending aorta?

A

Coronary arteries

Literally just above the attachments of the aortic valves

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7
Q

What are the two bits of the coronary arteries?

A

Left coronary artery: posterior surface of the heart

Right coronary artery: anterior surface of the heart
Runs in anterior AV groove (coronary groove)
Supplies right atrium and ventricle, as well as SA and AV node

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8
Q

Describe the features of the right coronary artery

A

Right coronary artery:

  • anterior surface of the heart
  • Runs in anterior AV groove (coronary groove)
  • Supplies right atrium and ventricle, as well as SA and AV node
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9
Q

Describe the features of the left coronary artery

A

Left coronary artery:

  • Posterior surface of the heart
  • Runs in anterior interventricular groove
  • Supplies left atrium and ventricle
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10
Q

Draw the paths of the coronary arteries

A

Slide 8

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11
Q

What are the regions where the left and right arteries connect?

A

Anastomosis

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12
Q

What happens if there is a sudden occlusion in the left coronary artery?

A

The right coronary arteries cannot supply the left side, because the anastamoses are too small (capillary sized)

Whatever is supplied by the blocked artery dies

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13
Q

Are the coronary arteries end arteries?

A

Yes

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14
Q

What is myocardial infarction?

A

Sudden occlusion of a coronary artery

No blood flow to the tissue supplied distal to the clot

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15
Q

What happens in slow occlusion

A

Anastomotic channels can open up

Some blood can get through and supply the tissue

16
Q

Why do an angiogram before surgery?

A

Determine where the block is

Find out where the arteries are –> natural variation in humans

17
Q

What does the arch of the aorta branch into?

A

1\ Brachiocephalic trunk:

  • right common carotid
  • right subclavian

2\ Left common carotid

3\ Left subclavian

18
Q

How many branches are there off the aortic arch?

A

Three

19
Q

What happens beneath the arch of the aorta?

A

Pulmonary trunk divides into right and left branches

20
Q

How can blood bypass the lungs?

A
  • Foramen ovalis

- Ductus arteriosus

21
Q

What happens to the ductus arteriosus after birth?

A

Constricts –> non functional

We see a remnant:
Fibrous cord called:
- ligamentum arteriosum

22
Q

What are the branches of the descending thoracic aorta?

What does each branch supply?

A

Intercostal arteries (chest wall)
Bronchial (lung tissue)
Pericardial branches (pericardium)
Oesophageal (oesophagus)

23
Q

What does the IVC travel through to the right atrium?

A

Central ligament of the diaphragm

24
Q

What drains blood from the head?

A

Left and right
Internal jugular veins

IJV

25
Q

What drains blood from the upper limb?

A

Subclavian veins

26
Q

Where do the subclavian veins run?

A

Anterior to the subclavian arteries

27
Q

Describe the IJV and subclavian veins uniting

Draw this

A

Left IJV and left subclavian unite –> left brachiocephalic

Right IJV and right subclavian unite –> right brachiocephalic

Slide 13

28
Q

Is there a difference in path between the left and right brachiocephalic veins?

A

Yes
Right: shorter
Left: longer

29
Q

How is blood drained from the walls of the thoracic wall

A

Azygos system of veins

30
Q

Describe the Azygos system of veins

A

Highly variable

There is always a final azygos vein that receives blood from everything else (oesophagus, pericardium, walls)

This enters into the SVC

BIOM20002 - HSF (60 decks)

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