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BIOM20002 - HSF > Lecture 50 - Lower Respiratory Tract > Flashcards

Lecture 50 - Lower Respiratory Tract Flashcards

0
Q

What is the thoracic cavity divided into?

A

Right pulmonary cavity
Left pulmonary cavity
Mediastinum

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1
Q

What protects the lungs?

A

Bony cage:

Vertebrae
Ribs
Sternum

Muscles

  • diaphragm
  • intercostals
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2
Q

What are the independent functional units of the lung?

Why is it important to have these units?

A

Bronchopulmonary segment

It is important because if one segment is compromised, it can be removed and the rest of the lung can function as normal

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4
Q

Are the two sides of the lung dependent on each other?

A

No
They are completely separate:
- functionally
- structurally: separated by mediastinum

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5
Q

Which pulmonary cavity is smaller?

A

Right PC

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6
Q

What covers the lung?

A

Pleura

Single layer of serous membrane

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7
Q

What does the pleura cover?

A
  • parietal pleural: Wall of the pulmonary cavity

- Visceral pleura: Lung

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8
Q

What separates the visceral and parietal pleura?

Describe the features

A

Pleural cavity

  • Very small potential space
  • Filled with serous fluid –> reduces surface tension
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9
Q

How is the parietal pleura subdivided?

Draw this

A

Mediastinal pleura
Diaphragmatic pleura
Costal pleura
Cervical pleura

Slide 10

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10
Q

How do the bronchi get into the lung rough the pleura?

A

Through the lung route

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11
Q

What is contained within the right lung root?

A

Pleural sleeve containing:

  • pulmonary arteries
  • pulmonary veins (anterior and inferior)
  • main bronchi
  • lymph node
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12
Q

Describe the pleural sleeve

A 
Made up of pleural membrane
Encloses the hilum of the lung
Loose
Hangs down to form double folded:
Pulmonary ligament
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13
Q

What separates the lungs into lobes?

A

Fissures

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14
Q

Where does the visceral and parietal pleura receive its innervation and blood supply?

A

Visceral: from lung
- autonomic nerve innervation

Parietal: from intercostal a
- somatic innervation

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16
Q

Describe pain associated with parietal and visceral pleura

A

Parietal: sharp pain

Visceral pleura: dull pain

Due to the different innervation, there is very different quality of pain

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17
Q

Describe the difference between the right and left bronchi.

If a peanut is swallowed, where does it go?

A

Right:

  • Shorter
  • Wider
  • More vertical

Small objects will go down the right main bronchus due to this

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18
Q

Where is the trachea?

A

C6 - T4,5

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19
Q

Describe the tissue structure of the trachea

A

Tracheal ring : of cartilage

Trachealis Muscle at the posterior end
Right up against the oesophagus

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20
Q

What are the divisions of the bronchi?

A

Main bronchi: supplies each lung

Lobar bronchi: supplies lobe

Segmental bronchi: supplies bronchopulmonary segment

21
Q

What type of muscle is the trachealis muscle?

A

Smooth

22
Q

Where does the trachea branch?

A

T4,5

23
Q

Which lung is larger?

A

Right lung

  • shorter (due to liver inferiorally)
  • wider

Due to the heart protruding into the left side

24
Q

What are the surfaces of the lung?

A

Costal
Mediastinal
Diaphragmatic

25
Q

Where is the hilum of the lung?

A

Mediastinal surface

26
Q

What are the fissures of the lungs?

A

Right:

  • two fissures
  • three lobes

Left:

  • one fissure
  • two lobes
27
Q

What are the borders of the lung?

A

Inferior
Anterior
Posterior

28
Q

What are the grooves and impressions on the mediastinal surface of the right lung?

A

Grooves:
• oesophagus
• azygos vein
• SVC

Impressions:
• cardiac impression

29
Q

What are some unique features of the left lung?

A

Cardiac notch

Lingula

30
Q

What are the grooves and impressions on the mediastinal surface of the left lung?

A

Grooves:
• aorta

Impressions:
• cardiac impression

31
Q

Does the oesophagus pass anterior or posterior to the lung root?

A

Anterior

32
Q

What are the lobes and fissures of the right lobe?

Draw this

A

Lobes:
• superior
• middle
• inferior

Fissures:

  • oblique
  • horizontal
33
Q

Which cardiac impression is bigger?

A

Bigger on the left lung

34
Q

Where is the inferior lobe located?

A

Most of it at the back of the lung

35
Q

What are the lobes and fissures of the left lobe?

Draw this

A

Lobes:

  • inferior
  • superior

Fissures:
- oblique

36
Q

Describe the blood in he pulmonary artery

Why is this weird?

A

It is deoxygenated

Normally arteries contain oxygenated blood

37
Q

What vessels provide blood supply for the lung itself?

A

Bronchial arteries and veins

38
Q

Where are the pulmonary veins located in the Hilum?

Why?

A

Most inferior
Most anterior

Need to be somewhere where they can expand fully to collect as much blood as possible

39
Q

Describe the structures in the left lung hilum

A

Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary veins: inferior and anterior
Lymph nodes
Left main bronchus

40
Q

Where does lymph from the lung drain to?

A

1a. Superficial lymphatic vessels
1b. Deep lymphatic vessels

  1. Bronchopulmonary hilar nodes
  2. Tracheobroncho nodes
  3. Mediastinal nodes
41
Q

Are the lobes of the lung completely separated by fissures?

A

No; they connect up at the hilum

42
Q

Where is the base of the bronchopulmonary segment?

Where is the apex?

A

Base: external surface

Apex: facing the segmental bronchus

43
Q

Where is the base of the bronchopulmonary segment?

Where is the apex?

A

Base: external surface

Apex: facing the segmental bronchus

44
Q

Compare the location of the pulmonary artery in the left and right lung hilum

A

Right lung: anterior and superior ( right main bronchus posterior)

Left lung: superior; left main bronchus underneath

45
Q

Describe the location of superifical lymphatics in the lung

A

Just beneath the visceral pleura

Visible externally

46
Q

Describe the location of deep lymphatic vessels in the lung

A

Run along the bronchial tree

Not visible externally

BIOM20002 - HSF (60 decks)

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