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BIOM20002 - HSF > Lecture 24 - Upper Limb 3 Nerves and Vessels > Flashcards

Lecture 24 - Upper Limb 3 Nerves and Vessels Flashcards

0
Q

Are there any anastomoses of the arteries in the arm?

If so, where?

A

Yes

In the elbow and wrist

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1
Q

What are the arteries in the upper limb?

A

Axillary
Brachial
Radial
Ulnar

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2
Q

How may a physician test the blood pressure of the heart?

A

Take a reading of the pressure in he brachial artery at the height of the heart.

It will be the same

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3
Q

Which artery is the principal cup ply to the wrist and the hand?

A

Ulnar artery

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4
Q

Which artery is used in Coronary Artery Grafts?

A

The Radial artery

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5
Q

Which drugs are never administered at the tip of fingers?

Why?

A

Vasoconstrictor drugs (such as adrenaline)

The fingers are end organs.
These drugs would constrict the vessels such that the fingers would get no blood supply – vasospasm and avascular necrosis

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6
Q

What is the name of the arteries in the fingers?

A

Digital arteries

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7
Q

What do the digital nerves supply?

A

Nail beds

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8
Q

What has happened in Volkmann’s ischemia?

A
  1. Dislocation of the elbow in a posterior direction
    (Ulna forced backwards)
  2. Brachial artery has been torn
  3. No supply to radial and ulnar arteries
  4. Necrotic forearm
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9
Q

What is the spatial relationship of the nerve and artery in the hand?

How about in the digits?

A

Hand:
The artery is superficial to the nerve

Digits:
Nerve is superficial to the artery

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10
Q

The superficial veins of the upper limb are highly … Compared to the arteries

A

Variable

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11
Q

What is the nerve in the hand?

A

Median nerve

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12
Q

What is the origin of the veins in the upper limb?

A

The dorsal venous arch of the hand

This is a network of veins on the back of the hand

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14
Q

Compare the path of the Cephalic and basilic veins

A

Cephalic: lateral

Basilic: medial

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15
Q

Where is the median cubital vein?

Why is it important?

A

In the elbow fold

It is often used for Venipuncture

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16
Q

What is a feature of the deep veins of the upper limb

A

They exist in a Venae Comitantes relationship with the arteries

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17
Q

Describe the flow of lymphatics in the upper limb

A

Interstitial fluid drains into the lymph capillaries

Lymphatics run up the arm with the superficial veins

All lymphatics from the upper limb drains in the axillary node

From axillary node on to the venous system in neck

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18
Q

What are watershed areas?

Where are they?

A

These are areas that can flow to two different collections of lymph nodes

Cervical-axillary watershed: along chest above axilla

Inguinal-Axillary watershed: along belly button plane

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19
Q

What is the function of the thoracic duct?

A

It transports lymph from the axillary lymph nodes to the venous system in the neck

20
Q

Which areas do the axillary nodes drain?

A

The upper limbs and the chest

21
Q

What is a nerve plexus?

A

A collection of intersecting nerves from the spinal cord

22
Q

Where do the muscles, bones and skin of the limbs get their nerve innervation?

A

Nerve plexuses

23
Q

Which segments make up the brachial plexus?

A

C5 - T1

24
Q

Which rami form the brachial plexuses?

A

The anterior rami

25
Q

Which muscle compartment does the anterior division of the brachial plexus go to?

How about the posterior compartment?

A

Anterior: Flexor

Posterior: extensor

26
Q

Which veins does the dorsal venous arch give rise to?

A

Cephalic vein
Basilic
Median cubital

27
Q

What are the major peripheral nerves of the upper limb?

A

Musculocutaneous

Median

Ulnar

Axillary

Radial

28
Q

Which segments supply the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

C5,6

29
Q

What does the musculocutaneous nerve supply?

A 
Muscle:
Flexor compartment (biceps, brachialis, coracobrachialis)

Skin:
Lateral aspect of forearm

30
Q

Which segments supply the median nerve?

A

C5-T1

31
Q

What does the median nerve supply?

A

Muscles
Most muscles of anterior compartment of forearm

Skin:
Anterior aspects of lateral 3 and half digits + nail beds

32
Q

What is the median nerve susceptible to?

A

Carpal tunnel syndrome

  • compression injury
33
Q

Which segments supply the ulnar nerve?

A

C8 and T1

34
Q

What does the ulnar nerve supply?

A

Muscle:
Remaining muscles in anterior compartment of the hand

Skin:
Medial 1 and half digits
(Palmar and dorsal)

35
Q

What is the ulnar nerve susceptible to?

A

Stretch along medial epichondyle
–> hitting funny bone

Compression when leaning on bike handles (for example)

36
Q

Does the ulnar nerve pass through the flexor retinaculum?

A

No, unlike the median nerve, it passes superficial to the flexor retinaculum

37
Q

Which segments supply the axillary nerve?

A

C5,6

38
Q

What does the axillary nerve supply?

A

Muscle:
Deltoids

Skin:
Skin over shoulder

39
Q

What is the axillary nerve susceptible to?

A

Injury during shoulder dislocation

Fracture of surgical neck of the humerus

40
Q

Which segments supply the radial nerve?

A

C5-T1

41
Q

What does the radial nerve supply?

A

Muscles:
Extensor muscles of arm and forearm (posterior compartment)

Skin:
Arm
Forearm
Back of hand

42
Q

What is the radial nerve susceptible to?

A

Humoral shaft fraction

Compression (Saturday night palsy)

43
Q

Which nerve supplies the thumb?

A

Median nerve

44
Q

Which nerve supplies the back of the hand?

A

Radial nerve

+ ulnar nerve (medial 1 1/2 fingers)

45
Q

What is Erb’s palsy?

A

Waiter’s tip position
(shoulder flexed, elbow extended, forearm pronated)

Due to forceful lateral flexion of the head on shoulder

Damage to C5,6

46
Q

What nerves are commonly damaged in injury to the upper trunk?

What about the lower trunk?

A

Upper trunk: C5,6

Lower trunk: C8, T1

47
Q

What is Klumpke’s palsy?

A

Injury to the lower trunk

Flexion of wrist and fingers (claw like hand)

BIOM20002 - HSF (60 decks)

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