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BIOM20002 - HSF > Lecture 18 - Articular System > Flashcards

Lecture 18 - Articular System Flashcards

0
Q

Where are fibrous joints found?

A

In the skull
Linking tibia and fibula
Holding teeth in place

Very tight, don’t allow much movement

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1
Q

What are the three types of joints?

A

Fibrous
Cartilage
Sinovial

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2
Q

Where are cartilage joints found?

What are the features?

A

In between the vertebrae, aka intervertebral disk

Cushion between hyaline cartilage

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3
Q

What are the two types of cartilage joints?

A

Primary: epiphyseal plate
Secondary: intervertebral disks

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4
Q

What is a suture?

A

The fibrous joint in skull bones

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5
Q

What is the name of the joint between the distal tibia and fibula?

A

This is called a syndesmosis

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6
Q

What is the name of the joint holding the teeth in place?

A

Gomphosis

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7
Q

Where are cartilangenous joints usually found?

A

In the midline, axis

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8
Q

Where are sinovial joints usually found?

A

In the joints of the appendages and girdles

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9
Q

What are some examples of the types of synovial joints

A

Plane
Hinge
Ball and socket

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10
Q

Flexion and extension is always in the … plane

A

Sagittal

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11
Q

Abduction and Adduction is always in the … plane

A

Coronal

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12
Q

Rotation is always in the … Plane

A

All planes

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13
Q

Where does the fibrous capsule attach to the bone?

A

Near the epiphyseal plate

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14
Q

Describe the important feature of the sinovial joint

A
  • Proximal and distal bone
  • Articular cartilage
  • Sinovial cavity
  • Sinovial fluid
  • Sinovial membrane
  • Periosteum
  • Fibrous capsule
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15
Q

What is the role of the synovial membrane?

A

It lines all non-Articular surfaces

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16
Q

What is the role of the fibrous capsule?

A

It encloses the joint

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17
Q

Describe the blood and nerve supply of the joint

A

Fibrous capsule: richly innervated poor blood supply

Articular cartilage: avascular, aneural

Sinovial membrane: highly vascular

Menisci and disks: only outer third receive blood and nerve supply

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18
Q

What is a ligament?

A

Connection between two bones

19
Q

What is the structure of a ligament?

How does this relate to function?

A

Thick, fibrous

Resisting tensile forces (pulling)

20
Q

What are the two different types of ligament?

How do they differ?

A

Intrinsic: reinforce the capsule

Extrinsic: separate from the capsule

21
Q

What is the role of the sinovial membrane?

A

Secretes sinovial fluid

22
Q

What is the function of sinovial fluid?

A

Lubrication
Nutrients for Articular cartilage chondrocytes
Shock absorber

23
Q

What happens when the sinovial membrane is irritated

A

Swelling, effusion

24
Q

The ball and socket joint is very shallow, how is this remedied?

A

Labrum.

Made of fibrocartilage
This effectively deepens the socket

25
Q

What happens when the sinovial membrane tears

A
  • Painful
  • Bleeding

Haemarthrosis

26
Q

Where are labra found?

A

In ball and socket joints, such as:
Hip
Shoulder

27
Q

What are menisci and disks made out of?

What is also made out of this?

A

Fibrocartilage

Labra

28
Q

What are the function of menisci and disks?

Where are they found?

A

They are found in the joint
Menisci in particular in the knee

They act as:
• shock absorbers
• partially subdivide a joint cavity
• allow different movements to occur simultaneously on each side of the joint

29
Q

What is the name of the sacks of fluid that protect joints?

A

Bursae

30
Q

What is inside the bursae?

A

Sinovial fluid

31
Q

What are the two different types of Bursae?

A

Communicating: rare

Non-communicating: more common

32
Q

Bursae are susceptible to …

A

Irritation and infection

33
Q

What are the different grades of ligament injury?

A

Type I: minimal disruption

Type II: 50 % rupture

Type III: complete rupture

34
Q

What is it called when, in children, the ligament causes a part of the bone to break off?

Which part of the bone does this happen to?

A

Avulsion injury

This happens at the epiphyseal plate

35
Q

What are the two types of injury when the bones in the joint are disrupted?

A

Dislocation: bone comes completely out of the joint

Subluxation: bone comes out a bit, incomplete, partial dislocation

36
Q

Which joints are particularly prone to subluxation and dislocation?

A

Shoulder

37
Q

What else is at risk when subluxation and dislocation occur?

A

The nerve and blood supply

38
Q

What is the difference between osetoarthritis and Rheumatoid arthritis?

A

OsteoArthritis: general term for joint pain and inflammtion due to wear and degradation of the cartilage

Rheumatoid arthritis: autoimmune disease, inflammation in the joints due to antibodies attacking the sinovial membrane cartilage degraded

39
Q

When joints are replaced with a prosthesis, what is it called?

A

Arthroplasty

40
Q

Fibrocartilage forms which structures?

A

Labrum
Menisci
Disks

41
Q

What structures does hyaline cartilage form?

A

Bony Articular surfaces at joints

42
Q

What sort of structures does elastic cartilage form?

A

External Ear, larynx etc

44
Q

What are the three types of cartilage?

A
  • Hyaline
  • Fibrocartilage
  • Elastic
45
Q

All cartilage is avascular and aneural.

What is the exception?

A

The exception is fibrocartilage – which has blood and nerve supply around the outer third where pressure is minimal

Hyaline cartilage is completely avascular and aneural

46
Q

What are the two different types of epiphyses?

A

Traction: attachments

Pressure: joints

47
Q

Describe the blood and nervous supply to the fibrous capsule of a synovial joint.

What are the implications of this?

A
  • Richly innervated
  • Poor blood supply

Painful when injured, but slow to heal

BIOM20002 - HSF (60 decks)

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