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BIOM20002 - HSF > Lecture 60 - Control of Excretion > Flashcards

Lecture 60 - Control of Excretion Flashcards

1
Q

What compounds does the body excrete as waste?

A

H+
Creatinine
Urea

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2
Q

Where is sodium and water found?

A

Extracellular fluid:

  • plasma
  • interstitial fluid
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3
Q

Where do H+ come from?

What do we have to do to them?

A

Metabolism

They must be excreted, otherwise we become acidotic.

Must be maintained and pH 7.4

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4
Q

What is creatinine?

A

By product of muscle metabolism

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5
Q

What is blood made from?

A

Plasma

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6
Q

How much blood must be filtered to make 2 litres of blood?

A

200 L

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7
Q

What is the blood flow to the kidney, in terms of cardiac output?

A

25%

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8
Q

Which compounds are concentrated in the urine?

A

K+
PO4 (phosphate)
Urea
Creatinine

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9
Q

Which things aren’t present in the urine?

A

HCO3
Albumin
Glucose

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10
Q

What is HCO3 used in the body?

A

Buffer in the blood

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11
Q

What is the role of Albumin in the blood?

A
  • Osmotic active substance: maintains colloid osmotic pressure
  • Binds other compounds in the blood
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12
Q

What other proteins in the blood must not be lost?

A

Immunoglobulins

Fibrinogen

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13
Q

Draw the nephron

A

Slide 5

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14
Q

Name the structures of the nephron

A 
Bowman's Capsule, Glomerulus
Proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
Loop of Henle:
- descending limb
- ascending limb
Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
Collecting duct
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15
Q

Where is the DCT?

Why is this important?

A

Near the glomerulus

The cells near the glomerulus release hormones that affect the DCTs secretion and reabsorption

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16
Q

Describe what happens in the glomerulus

A

Blood comes in via afferent arteriole
Filtration in the capillary
Remaining blood leaves by efferent arteriole

17
Q

What is stuff reabsorbed back into?

A

Peritubular capillaries

18
Q

What is reabsorbed in the PCT?

A

Water

salt

19
Q

Where is reabsorption occuring?

A

PCT
Loops of Henle
DCT
Collecting duct

20
Q

Where is secretion occuring?

A

PCT
DCT
Collecting duct

21
Q

Describe what happens to water in the kidneys

A

Vast majority is reabsorbed

22
Q

What happens to Na+ in the kidneys

A

Vast majority is reabsorbed

23
Q

What happens to K+ in the kidneys

A

Secreted

24
Q

Describe what happens to creatinine in the kidneys

A

100% filtered

None reabsorbed

25
Q

Describe what happens to urea in the kidneys?

A

50% of what is filtered is reabsorbed

26
Q

What do arterioles have that capillaries don’t?

A

Arterioles have smooth muscle in their wall

Thus, they can constrict and relax

27
Q

Describe the structure of the Bowman’s capsule

A
  • Capsular epithelium
  • Glomerular capillaries
  • Podocytes
  • Lumen of Bowman’s Capsule
28
Q

What is the role of podocytes?

A

Control what is and isn’t filtered from the blood

Forms filtration slits

29
Q

What is GFR?

A

Glomerular filtration rate

Volume of plasma filtered by the glomerulus per unit time?

30
Q

What is the filtration fraction?

A

Portion of blood going through glomerulus that is filtered

20%

31
Q

In a clinical setting, how do we measure kidney function

A

Measure GFR

Measure creatinine function

32
Q

What is the most important force that affects GFR?

A

Hydrostatic pressure in the glomerular capillary

33
Q

What does oncotic in the glomerulus do?

A

Opposes filtration

However, hydrostatic pressure is very strong, so it overcomes this.

34
Q

What is oncotic pressure in the Bowman’s capsule?

A

Should be zero, because no albumin can get out into the Bowman’s capsule

35
Q

What is net filtration pressure?

What affects this pressure?

A

10 mmHg

Glomerular hydrostatic pressure
Glomerular colloid osmotic pressure
Bowman’s capsule fluid pressure

36
Q

Does colloid osmotic pressure in the glomerular capillary change?

A

Yes
It increases along the glomerular capillary
Because water is being removed

BIOM20002 - HSF (60 decks)

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