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BIOM20002 - HSF > Lecture 28 - Lower Limb 3 > Flashcards

Lecture 28 - Lower Limb 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name for the back of the knee?

A

Popliteal fossa

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2
Q

Where do the major arteries of the lower limb lie?

Why?

A

Flexor surfaces

Protection

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3
Q

Where do the major arteries of the lower limb start?

A

Head of femur, pelvis

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4
Q

What are the main arteries of the leg?

A

Femoral artery

Popiteal artery

Tibial artery

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5
Q

Where do the arteries of the leg stem from?

A

Iliac artery

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6
Q

What is the main branch of the femoral artery?

What is its role?

A

Profunda femoris

It supplies the head of the femur

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7
Q

How can the femoral artery be used for cardioangiography?

A

A cannula is inserted in the femoral artery
Dye is injected, and travels up the coronary arteries

This due is used to visualise the coronary arteries and can indicate whether there is a blockage

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8
Q

What is the largest nerve in the body?

A

Sciatic nerve

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10
Q

Where are the main venous sinuses in the lower limb?

A

Soleus

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11
Q

Why is the saphenous vein important?

A

It used to be used for coronary artery grafts

Radial artery is more commonly used nowadays

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12
Q

What are the main superficial veins of the lower limb?

A

Dorsal venous arch

Great saphenous

Small saphenous

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13
Q

Where do the lymphatics of the lower limb run?

A

They follow the superficial veins of the lower limb

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14
Q

To where do the lymphatics of the lower limb drain ?

A 
First:
Inguinal nodes (superficial and deep)

Second:
Follow aorta up to drain into the thoracic duct

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15
Q

From where do the nerves of the lower limb arise?

A

Lumbosacral plexus

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16
Q

Which nerves arise from the lumbosacral plexus?

A

Gluteal (x2)
Sciatic
Obturator
Femoral

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17
Q

What does the femoral nerve supply?

A

Muscle:
• Quadriceps
Sensory:
• Skin of medial aspect of thigh and leg

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18
Q

From which segments does the femoral nerve arise?

A

L2-4

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19
Q

From which segments does the obturator nerve arise?

A

L2-4

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20
Q

What does the obturator nerve supply?

A

Adductor muscles

Skin on medial aspect of thigh

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21
Q

Where does the popliteal nerve branch?

Into what does it branch?

A

It branches at the popliteal fossa

It branches into:
• Tibial nerve
• Common fibular nerve

22
Q

What is sciatica?

A

Compression of one of the sciatic nerve roots

  • pain
  • numbness
  • weakness

In various parts of the leg and foot

23
Q

From which segments does the siatic nerve arise?

A

L4,5 & S1-3

24
Q

Where must injections into the buttock be performed?

Why?

A

Upper lateral quadrant

So as to avoid the sciatic nerve

25
Q

What does the tibial nerve supply?

A

All the posterior muscles of the leg

26
Q

Where does the tibial nerve run?

A

Vertically down the posterior aspect of the leg

27
Q

Where does the tibial nerve split?

A

At ankle, to form:

  • medial plantar nerve
  • lateral plantar nerve
28
Q

What is Jogger’s foot?

A

Compression of the plantar nerves below the medial arch

29
Q

What is tarsal tunnel syndrome?

A

Compression of the tibial nerve in the tarsal tunnel

30
Q

What does the common fibulae nerve supply?

What does it branch into to do this?

A

Superficial fibular nerve
• Lateral compartment
Deep fibular nerve
• Deep fibular nerve

31
Q

Where does the common fibulae nerve run?

A

In the lateral compartment of the leg

32
Q

What is foot drop?

A

Compression of the common fibular nerve at the lateral knee

33
Q

What does L5 intervertebral disc prolapse cause?

What are the symptoms?

A

Damage to sciatic nerve root

  • Pain
  • Weakness
  • Diminished reflexes
  • Atrophy
  • Paraesthesia
34
Q

What is anterior compartment syndrome?

A

Compression of deep fibular nerve

35
Q

What is the clinical significance of the obturator nerve?

A

It runs very close to the ovary

–> could indicate the first sign of an ovarian cyst

36
Q

What does the sciatic nerve supply?

A

Posterior muscles of the thigh

37
Q

Which nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Deep fibular nerve

38
Q

Which nerve innervates the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Superficial fibular nerve

39
Q

Which artery supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Anterior tibial artery

40
Q

Which artery supplies the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Fibular artery

41
Q

What things lead to compression of the tibial nerve?

A
  • Jogger’s foot

* Tarsal tunnel syndrome

42
Q

Which nerve runs through the tarsal tunnel?

A

Tibial nerve

43
Q

What things lead to compression of the common fibular nerve?

A
  • Anterior compartment syndrome

* trauma to lateral knee –> foot drop

44
Q

What things can injure the sciatic nerve?

A
  • injections
  • hamstring strains
  • disc prolapse, L5
45
Q

How does the femoral nerve go down into the thigh?

A

Passes under the inguinal ligament

46
Q

Is the great saphenous vein superficial or deep?

A

Superficial

47
Q

What is the clinical significance of veins in the leg?

A
  • varicose veins
  • deep vein thrombus / embolus
  • saphenous vein grafts
48
Q

Which nerve forms the sensory innervation of the lateral leg?

A

Common fibular nerve

49
Q

Which nerve forms the sensory innervation of the medial leg?

A

Femoral nerve

50
Q

What sensation does the tibial nerve supply?

A

Plantar surface of foot and ankle

BIOM20002 - HSF (60 decks)

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